{"title":"Circadian Rhythms Behind Interviewers' Approaches: The Time-Of-Day Effect in Police Interviews With Children","authors":"Marilena Kyriakidou, Mark Blades","doi":"10.1002/jip.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Police interviews with children are often the only source of evidence about an abuse. Circadian rhythms are known to affect cognitive processes, but the effect they may have on the quality of police interviews is unknown. Data comprised 102 transcriptions of police interviews with children. Transcripts were rated for effective interviewing approaches, that is approaches following guidelines. Time of day was examined as a predictor of interviewers effectiveness related with the type of approaches interviewers used, for example, open-ended questions. Interviewer effectiveness declined as the day progressed, but only for the less skilled interviewers. Highly skilled interviewers were unaffected by the time-of-day. The identification of time-of-day as a possible risk factor which reduces the quality of interviews is of great importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jip.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overkill and Antemortem Facial Injuries in U.S. Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Homicides (2013–2023)","authors":"Heather Panter, Amanda Farrell","doi":"10.1002/jip.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This exploratory study examines 298 homicides of US transgender and gender non-conforming victims from 1st January 2013–1st January 2023. Using content analysis and triangulation of data from open-source news reports along with official data sources (i.e., government reports, police reports, post-mortem reports, etc.) victimology and forensic themes within these homicides were identified and examined. Notably, overkill occurred in over 8% of the overall homicide sample studied with antemortem injury locations centralised to the face (79.17%). Overlapping weapon usage were as follows for studied overkill cases: stabbing wounds (<i>n</i> = 11); blunt force injuries (<i>n</i> = 10); and gunshot wounds (<i>n</i> = 3). The results from this study highlight unique investigative themes for forensic consideration in transgender and gender non-conforming homicides when facial injuries are apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jip.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Davis, Sarah E. Rose, Daniel Herron, Jade M. Elliott
{"title":"Alexithymia: A Narrative Approach to Understanding an Alexithymic Profile","authors":"Samantha Davis, Sarah E. Rose, Daniel Herron, Jade M. Elliott","doi":"10.1002/jip.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines the relationship between Alexithymia and a variety of environmental, genetic, and biological influences. A narrative questionnaire incorporating 98 variables believed to be associated with Alexithymia was employed to gain responses from 82 participants in a non-clinical sample and 80 participants in a clinical sample. A smallest space analysis was used to analyze the responses and identify any narratives associated with Alexithymia. The results revealed five narratives, The Compromised Child, The Compromised Adult, The Warrior, The Nurtured Child and The Alexithymic. The findings provide useful insights into who is most at risk of Alexithymia, what environmental factors may exacerbate it, and how to create more effective treatment pathways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Manuel Quintana, Olga Moreno, Jorge Santos-Hermoso
{"title":"Chemical Submission and Group Sexual Offenses. Comparative Study of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults Committed Alone Versus in a Group","authors":"José Manuel Quintana, Olga Moreno, Jorge Santos-Hermoso","doi":"10.1002/jip.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemical submission associated with crimes of a sexual nature has experienced a surge in recent times. In addition to studying, it from a clinical and toxicological standpoint, this is a phenomenon that should also be addressed from a criminological and police investigation perspective. This paper, therefore, describes the main characteristics associated with these acts, along with the differences observed between the characteristics of perpetrators who act alone compared to those who act in collaboration with other people. The sample consisted of 121 cases analyzed correspond to solved sexual crimes featuring the use of substances as the means employed to commit the crime and that were investigated by the Civil Guard units between the years of 2008 and 2017. The results show differences in the profiles of the perpetrators depending on whether they acted alone or accompanied. Those aggressors who act in a group are younger, do not usually have a history of Gender-based Violence, and it is more common for them to have consumed alcohol or other drugs at the time of the events. On the other hand, the most explicit sexual behaviors being more common in the cases of perpetrators acting alone. This has important implications when it comes to conducting police investigations, as well as for the preventive aspects that can be rolled out once the contexts and people implicated in these types of events have been analyzed. From the behaviors observed, not only can distinguishing characteristics be inferred, but also motives that are not directly associated with sexual satisfaction on the part of the perpetrators.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Principle of Believability in the Language of Fraud Text Messages in Malawi: A Forensic Linguistic Analysis","authors":"Chikondi Kasiya, Wellman Kondowe, Deborah Ndalama-Mtawali","doi":"10.1002/jip.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, Malawi has witnessed an increase in fraud text messages among mobile phone users which are sent by people with malicious intentions of stealing money from the recipients of these short message services (SMSs). However, no study so far has attempted to study what convinces the SMSs recipients to trust the fraud messages. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine linguistic strategies fraudsters use when crafting text messages in Malawi using a corpus of 26 samples of fraud messages. The study's findings show that fraudsters disguise themselves in different ways. Using Kondowe's Principle of Believability, as the theoretical framework, the paper provides various strategies that fraudsters use to make themselves believable and trusted by the recipients. These findings have huge practical and theoretical implications in the field of Criminology when investigating and profiling offenders in Africa and beyond.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Killing of Cousins and Siblings-In-Law in Korea: A Descriptive Study","authors":"Leah C. J. Shon, Phillip Shon","doi":"10.1002/jip.1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1647","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The killing of cousins and siblings-in-law has been examined as part of ‘relative killings’ in prior research. However, they have not been disaggregated and examined in their own right. A content analysis of a major Korean newspaper (<i>Chosun Ilbo</i>) and sentencing verdicts from regional trial courts of original jurisdiction in Korea was conducted. This paper examines the offence characteristics in cousin and siblings-in-law killings. Cousin and siblings-in-law killings made up 4% of 682 family homicides. The victims and offenders were primarily men who used edged weapons to kill one another during the course of arguments. Women appeared as offenders and victims in the early period (1948–1962) while they appeared primarily as victims in the latter period (2013–2023). The data suggest a shift in the age structure of victims and putative motivations across time. The average age of victims and offenders increased by 20 years; the character of violence also shifted from confrontational homicides to killings in the context of domestic disputes between relatives' spouses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nina Sophie Trist, Calli Tzani-Pepelasi, Maria Ioannou, Thomas James Vaughan Williams, Dara Mojtahedi, Anita Fumagalli
{"title":"The Impact of Offence Type and Gender-Role Attitudes on Sentencing Decisions for Male and Female Offenders","authors":"Nina Sophie Trist, Calli Tzani-Pepelasi, Maria Ioannou, Thomas James Vaughan Williams, Dara Mojtahedi, Anita Fumagalli","doi":"10.1002/jip.1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on sentencing decisions has found female offenders are often sentenced more leniently than male offenders. However, mixed findings have prompted researchers to argue that other factors, such as the offence type and gender-role attitudes of the decision-maker, may also play a role. This study is a loose replication of previous research conducted with a Turkish sample, to establish whether gender and gender-role attitudes can predict sentencing decisions in a UK sample, and if there is an interaction effect of these variables, for three different crimes. Participants included 143 University students and members of the public between the ages of 18–64, who were randomly assigned to either the male or female offender condition. Three vignettes were presented, and participants rated their level of agreement that the offender should be incarcerated and recommended a sentence length. Gender-role attitudes were also measured using the Sex-Roles Egalitarianism Scale and on average the sample had strong egalitarian attitudes. Neither gender nor gender-role attitudes were found to be significant predictors of sentencing decisions, and there was no significant interaction effect. Findings were not consistent with those in the original study which is likely due to the UK endorsing greater gender equality and having more egalitarian attitudes. Limitations associated with the sample and use of vignettes highlight the importance of continued research into gender-based sentencing, and there are important implications for judicial training to help reduce the influence of personal biases in the courtroom.</p>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jip.1646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Theoretical Assumptions of Geographic Profiling Hold When Scrutinising Commuter Serial Rape Offenders in South Africa?","authors":"Dion Glass, Friedo Herbig","doi":"10.1002/jip.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geographic profiling (GP) can be regarded as vital within the apparatus of investigating serial offenders. Since prevailing theories focus on offenders emanating from developed countries, the aim of this study was to examine, amongst others, the uncertainty that exists regarding their relevance in the South African context. This study, therefore, focused on South African commuter serial rapists and, in particular, their correlation with distance decay, the least effort principle, and buffer zones. While the overall data revealed a strong link between theories related to crime pattern, routine activity, awareness, and activity space, theories about distance decay, buffer zones, and the least effort principle had far weaker associations. Fundamentally, the study challenged existing assumptions that a commuter serial rapist profile could not be determined prematurely in an investigation, highlighting the ability to distinguish commuter offenders based on their directional behaviour within their convex hull(s). The research found that understanding these distinctions underscores the need for a theoretical perspective that better grasps the spatial reality of crime in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jip.1645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transfer of Rapport in a Simulated Investigative Interview","authors":"Misty C. Duke","doi":"10.1002/jip.1644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1644","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent research into effective investigative interviewing practice has focused on the benefits of interviewer-interviewee rapport to successful outcomes. However, little research has addressed whether rapport developed between the interviewee and other law enforcement interactants can be transferred to the interviewer-interviewee relationship. In the current study, 121 college students participated in an interview about their participation in potentially embarrassing illegal or unethical behaviours after having interacted with an experimenter. Participants were randomly assigned to either a rapport-building experimenter or a neutral experimenter and to either a rapport-building interviewer or a neutral interviewer. Although interaction with a rapport-building experimenter did not directly increase perceptions of rapport with the interviewer, across interviewer rapport-building conditions, it did indirectly affect perceptions of rapport with the interviewer, through perceptions of rapport with the experimenter. Additionally, perceptions of rapport with a rapport-building interviewer were higher when the experimenter also tried to build rapport. Perceptions of rapport with the experimenter were greater when the interviewer built rapport. These results have implications for strategic use of rapport-building behaviours among multiple interviewees and for officers who have initial contact with potential interviewees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr Segal, Aistė Bakaitytė, Goda Kaniušonytė, Laura Ustinavičiūtė-Klenauskė, Shumpei Haginoya, Rita Žukauskienė, Pekka Santtila
{"title":"Are emotions and psychophysiological states experienced when observing a child sexual abuse interview associated with confirmation bias in subsequent question formulation?","authors":"Aleksandr Segal, Aistė Bakaitytė, Goda Kaniušonytė, Laura Ustinavičiūtė-Klenauskė, Shumpei Haginoya, Rita Žukauskienė, Pekka Santtila","doi":"10.1002/jip.1643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1643","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When interviewing children in suspected child sexual abuse (CSA) cases, a common mistake is for interviewers to only ask questions that aim at confirming their initial assumption. Here, we sought to investigate whether experienced emotional states and psychophysiological parameters measured when following a (simulated) CSA interview would be associated with confirmation bias in subsequent question formulation. Psychology students (<i>N</i> = 60, <i>M</i>age = 22.75) followed a (simulated) CSA interview while their facially expressed emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, surprize and relief), galvanic skin response, heart rate (HR), and HR variability (HRV) were registered. The interview was then interrupted, and the participants were asked to formulate additional questions they would ask of the interviewee. As predicted, we found that participants who got more (vs. less) disgusted by the interview asked more questions biased towards confirming CSA. Against our expectations, participants who got more (vs. less) surprized also asked more questions biased towards confirming CSA. We also found, as predicted, that lower HRV was associated with more abuse confirming questions. Results suggest that emotions and psychophysiological states participants experience when observing a CSA interview are associated with confirmation bias in how questions are formulated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}