Emerging Topics in Life Sciences最新文献_第6页

The power and challenge of lipid (a)symmetry across the membrane and cell. 脂质的力量和挑战(a)膜和细胞的对称性。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220088

Mikhail Bogdanov

{"title":"The power and challenge of lipid (a)symmetry across the membrane and cell.","authors":"Mikhail Bogdanov","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220088","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20220088","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane asymmetry means that the two sides of membrane are structurally, physically and functionally different. Membrane asymmetry is largely related to the lipid sidedness and particularly to compositional (lipid head and acyl group) and physical (lipid packing order, charge, hydration and H-bonding interactions) differences in the inner and outer leaflets of lipid bilayer. Chemically, structurally and conformationally different non-covalent bound lipid molecules are physically fluid and deformable and enable to interact dynamically to form transient arrangements with asymmetry both perpendicular and parallel to the plane of the lipid bilayer. Although biological membranes are almost universally asymmetric however the asymmetry is not absolute since only drastic difference in the number of lipids per leaflet is found and symmetric arrangements are possible. Asymmetry is thought to direct and influence many core biological functions by altering the membrane's collective biochemical, biophysical and structural properties. Asymmetric transbilayer lipid distribution is found across all lipid classes, cells and near all endomembrane compartments. Why cell membranes are (a)symmetric and adopt almost exclusively highly entropically disfavored asymmetric state?","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renovating a double fence with or without notifying the next door and across the street neighbors: why the biogenic cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria display asymmetry? 有无通知隔壁和街对面邻居的情况下修复双栅栏:为什么革兰氏阴性菌的生物质膜显示不对称?

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230042

Mikhail Bogdanov

{"title":"Renovating a double fence with or without notifying the next door and across the street neighbors: why the biogenic cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria display asymmetry?","authors":"Mikhail Bogdanov","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230042","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230042","url":null,"abstract":"The complex two-membrane organization of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria imposes an unique biosynthetic and topological constraints that can affect translocation of lipids and proteins synthesized on the cytoplasm facing leaflet of the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane (IM), across the IM and between the IM and outer membrane (OM). Balanced growth of two membranes and continuous loss of phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM as metabolic precursors for envelope components and for translocation to the OM requires a constant supply of phospholipids in the IM cytosolic leaflet. At present we have no explanation as to why the biogenic E. coli IM displays asymmetry. Lipid asymmetry is largely related to highly entropically disfavored, unequal headgroup and acyl group asymmetries which are usually actively maintained by active mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are largely unknown for bacteria. Alternatively, lipid asymmetry in biogenic IM could be metabolically controlled in order to maintain uniform bilayer growth and asymmetric transmembrane arrangement by balancing temporally the net rates of synthesis and flip-flop, inter IM and OM bidirectional flows and bilayer chemical and physical properties as spontaneous response. Does such flippase-less or 'lipid only\", 'passive' mechanism of generation and maintenance of lipid asymmetry exists in the IM? The driving force for IM asymmetry can arise from the packing requirements imposed upon the bilayer system during cell division through disproportional distribution of two negatively curved phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, with consistent reciprocal tendency to increase and decrease lipid order in each membrane leaflet respectively.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9252658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Artificial cell design: reconstructing biology for life science applications. 人工细胞设计：为生命科学应用重建生物学。

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220050

Basusree Ghosh

{"title":"Artificial cell design: reconstructing biology for life science applications.","authors":"Basusree Ghosh","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220050","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20220050","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial cells are developed to redesign novel biological functions in a programmable and tunable manner. Although it aims to reconstitute living cell features and address 'origin of life' related questions, rapid development over the years has transformed artificial cells into an engineering tool with huge potential in applied biotechnology. Although the application of artificial cells was introduced decades ago as drug carriers, applications in other sectors are relatively new and could become possible with the technological advancement that can modulate its designing principles. Artificial cells are non-living system that includes no prerequisite designing modules for their formation and therefore allow freedom of assembling desired biological machinery within a physical boundary devoid of complex contemporary living-cell counterparts. As stimuli-responsive biomimetic tools, artificial cells are programmed to sense the surrounding, recognise their target, activate its function and perform the defined task. With the advantage of their customised design, artificial cells are being studied in biosensing, drug delivery, anti-cancer therapeutics or artificial photosynthesis type fields. This mini-review highlights those advanced fields where artificial cells with a minimalistic setup are developed as user-defined custom-made microreactors, targeting to reshape our future 'life'.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 6","pages":"619-627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A liquid crystal world for the origins of life. 生命起源的液晶世界。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220081

Tony Z Jia, Tommaso Bellini, Noel Clark, Tommaso P Fraccia

{"title":"A liquid crystal world for the origins of life.","authors":"Tony Z Jia, Tommaso Bellini, Noel Clark, Tommaso P Fraccia","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220081","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleic acids (NAs) in modern biology accomplish a variety of tasks, and the emergence of primitive nucleic acids is broadly recognized as a crucial step for the emergence of life. While modern NAs have been optimized by evolution to accomplish various biological functions, such as catalysis or transmission of genetic information, primitive NAs could have emerged and been selected based on more rudimental chemical-physical properties, such as their propensity to self-assemble into supramolecular structures. One such supramolecular structure available to primitive NAs are liquid crystal (LC) phases, which are the outcome of the collective behavior of short DNA or RNA oligomers or monomers that self-assemble into linear aggregates by combinations of pairing and stacking. Formation of NA LCs could have provided many essential advantages for a primitive evolving system, including the selection of potential genetic polymers based on structure, protection by compartmentalization, elongation, and recombination by enhanced abiotic ligation. Here, we review recent studies on NA LC assembly, structure, and functions with potential prebiotic relevance. Finally, we discuss environmental or geological conditions on early Earth that could have promoted (or inhibited) primitive NA LC formation and highlight future investigation axes essential to further understanding of how LCs could have contributed to the emergence of life.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 6","pages":"557-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10452738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A mini-review on bio-inspired polymer self-assembly: single-component and interactive polymer systems. 生物启发聚合物自组装综述:单组分和相互作用聚合物系统。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220057

Xiangxi Meng

{"title":"A mini-review on bio-inspired polymer self-assembly: single-component and interactive polymer systems.","authors":"Xiangxi Meng","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220057","url":null,"abstract":"Biology demonstrates meticulous ways to control biomaterials self-assemble into ordered and disordered structures to carry out necessary bioprocesses. Empowering the synthetic polymers to self-assemble like biomaterials is a hallmark of polymer physics studies. Unlike protein engineering, polymer science demystifies self-assembly by purposely embedding particular functional groups into the backbone of the polymer while isolating others. The polymer field has now entered an era of advancing materials design by mimicking nature to a very large extend. For example, we can make sequence-specific polymers to study highly ordered mesostructures similar to studying proteins, and use charged polymers to study liquid-liquid phase separation as in membraneless organelles. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in studying self-assembly using bio-inspired strategies on single-component and multi-component systems. Sequence-defined techniques are used to make on-demand hybrid materials to isolate the effects of chirality and chemistry in synthetic block copolymer self-assembly. In the meantime, sequence patterning leads to more hierarchical assemblies comprised of only hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomers. The second half of the review discusses complex coacervates formed as a result of the associative charge interactions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The tunable phase behavior and viscoelasticity are unique in studying liquid macrophase separation because the slow polymer relaxation comes primarily from charge interactions. Studies of bio-inspired polymer self-assembly significantly impact how we optimize user-defined materials on a molecular level.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 6","pages":"593-607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10813680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Self-assembly and biophysical properties of archaeal lipids. 古细菌脂质的自组装和生物物理性质。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220062

Ahanjit Bhattacharya

{"title":"Self-assembly and biophysical properties of archaeal lipids.","authors":"Ahanjit Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220062","url":null,"abstract":"Archaea constitute one of the three fundamental domains of life. Archaea possess unique lipids in their cell membranes which distinguish them from bacteria and eukaryotes. This difference in lipid composition is referred to as 'Lipid Divide' and its origins remain elusive. Chemical inertness and the highly branched nature of the archaeal lipids afford the membranes stability against extremes of temperature, pH, and salinity. Based on the molecular architecture, archaeal polar lipids are of two types - monopolar and bipolar. Both monopolar and bipolar lipids have been shown to form vesicles and other well-defined membrane architectures. Bipolar archaeal lipids are among the most unique lipids found in nature because of their membrane-spanning nature and mechanical stability. The majority of the self-assembly studies on archaeal lipids have been carried out using crude polar lipid extracts or molecular mimics. The complexity of the archaeal lipids makes them challenging to synthesize chemically, and as a result, studies on pure lipids are few. There is an ongoing effort to develop simplified routes to synthesize complex archaeal lipids to facilitate diverse biophysical studies and pharmaceutical applications. Investigation on archaeal lipids may help us understand how life survives in extreme conditions and therefore unlock some of the mysteries surrounding the origins of cellular life.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 6","pages":"571-582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Assembly methods for asymmetric lipid and polymer-lipid vesicles. 不对称脂质和聚合脂质囊泡的组装方法。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220055

Yuting Huang

引用次数: 3

Scratching beyond the surface - minimal actin assemblies as tools to elucidate mechanical reinforcement and shape change. 表面之外的划痕--以最小肌动蛋白组装为工具，阐明机械强化和形状变化。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220052

Anders Aufderhorst-Roberts, Margarita Staykova

引用次数: 0

Exploring the realm of soft matter biophysics: an early career perspective. 探索软物质生物物理学领域：早期职业生涯的视角。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220110

Natasha H Rhys

引用次数: 0

The elegant complexity of fear in non-human animals. 非人类动物优雅而复杂的恐惧。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220001

Marie-H Monfils, Michael Domjan

引用次数: 1