Emerging Topics in Life Sciences最新文献_第6页

Assembly methods for asymmetric lipid and polymer-lipid vesicles. 不对称脂质和聚合脂质囊泡的组装方法。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220055

Yuting Huang

引用次数: 3

Scratching beyond the surface - minimal actin assemblies as tools to elucidate mechanical reinforcement and shape change. 表面之外的划痕--以最小肌动蛋白组装为工具，阐明机械强化和形状变化。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220052

Anders Aufderhorst-Roberts, Margarita Staykova

引用次数: 0

Exploring the realm of soft matter biophysics: an early career perspective. 探索软物质生物物理学领域：早期职业生涯的视角。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220110

Natasha H Rhys

引用次数: 0

Negative valence system as a relevant domain in compulsivity: review in a preclinical model of compulsivity. 负效价系统是强迫行为的相关领域:强迫行为临床前模型的回顾。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220005

Margarita Moreno-Montoya, Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba, Elena Martín-González

{"title":"Negative valence system as a relevant domain in compulsivity: review in a preclinical model of compulsivity.","authors":"Margarita Moreno-Montoya, Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba, Elena Martín-González","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220005","url":null,"abstract":"Compulsive behavior is observed in different neuropsychiatric disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobia, schizophrenia and addiction. Compulsivity has been proposed as a transdiagnostic symptom, where the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) strategy could help to understand its neuropsychological basis for a better understanding, and development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. However, research on compulsivity has been focused on the cognitive control domain, and the contribution of an altered negative valence system has been less considered. In this review, we collate the main findings in an animal model of compulsivity, the high drinker (HD) rats selected by Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP) regarding these two research domains. This preclinical model of compulsivity has shown a phenotype characterized by a lack of behavioral inhibition, impulsive decision-making and cognitive inflexibility. Moreover, the results in compulsive HD rats, suggests that there is also a relevant alteration in the emotional dimension, linked to the negative valence system domain, as for example by: the increased perseverative responses in a withdrawal condition, associated with the behavioral construct of frustrative non-reward; and an inhibition or extinction deficit in memory retrieval associated with an alteration in the behavioral response to sustained threat. However, the precise nature of the link between these shared altered domains, cognitive control and negative valence system, remains unknown. These results point towards relevant behavioral aspects of the compulsive phenotype that should be taken into account when studying the vulnerability to compulsivity that could help in the development of a better transdiagnostic assessment, preventive and therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The elegant complexity of fear in non-human animals. 非人类动物优雅而复杂的恐惧。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220001

Marie-H Monfils, Michael Domjan

引用次数: 1

The positive valence system, adaptive behaviour and the origins of reward. 正价系统、适应行为和奖励的起源。

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220007

Thomas J Burton, Bernard W Balleine

{"title":"The positive valence system, adaptive behaviour and the origins of reward.","authors":"Thomas J Burton, Bernard W Balleine","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220007","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20220007","url":null,"abstract":"Although the hey-day of motivation as an area of study is long past, the issues with which motivational theorists grappled have not grown less important: i.e. the development of deterministic explanations for the particular tuning of the nervous system to specific changes in the internal and external environment and the organisation of adaptive behavioural responses to those changes. Here, we briefly elaborate these issues in describing the structure and function of the 'positive valence system'. We describe the origins of adaptive behaviour in an ascending arousal system, sensitive to peripheral regulatory changes, that modulates and activates various central motivational states. Associations between these motivational states and sensory inputs underlie evaluative conditioning and generate the representation of the 'unconditioned' stimuli fundamental to Pavlovian conditioning. As a consequence, associations with these stimuli can generate Pavlovian conditioned responses through the motivational control of stimulus event associations with sensory and affective components of the valence system to elicit conditioned orienting, consummatory and preparatory responses, particularly the affective responses reflecting Pavlovian excitation and inhibition, arousal and reinforcement, the latter used to control the formation of habits. These affective processes also provoke emotional responses, allowing the externalisation of positive valence in hedonic experience to generate the goal or reward values that mediate goal-directed action. Together these processes form the positive valence system, ensure the maintenance of adaptive behaviour and, through the association of sensory events and emotional responses through consummatory experience, provide the origins of reward.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10452740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in threat detection: task choice and rodent experience. 终纹床核在威胁检测中的作用:任务选择与啮齿动物经验。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220002

Emily R Sherman, Jasmine J Thomas, Emma N Cahill

引用次数: 3

Translational cognitive systems: focus on attention. 翻译认知系统:关注注意力。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220009

Benjamin Z Roberts, Jared W Young

{"title":"Translational cognitive systems: focus on attention.","authors":"Benjamin Z Roberts, Jared W Young","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220009","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive dysfunction, particularly attentional impairment, is a core feature of many psychiatric disorders, yet is inadequately addressed by current treatments. Development of targeted therapeutics for the remediation of attentional deficits requires knowledge of underlying neurocircuit, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that cannot be directly assayed in the clinic. This level of detail can only be acquired by testing animals in cross-species translatable attentional paradigms, in combination with preclinical neuroscience techniques. The 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT) and rodent continuous performance test (rCPT) represent the current state of the art of preclinical assessment of the most commonly studied subtype of attention: sustained attention, or vigilance. These tasks present animals with continuous streams of target stimuli to which they must respond (attention), in addition to non-target stimuli from which they must withhold responses (behavioral inhibition). The 5C-CPT and rCPT utilize the same measures as gold-standard clinical continuous performance tests and predict clinical efficacy of known pro-attentional drugs. They also engage common brain regions across species, although efforts to definitively establish neurophysiological construct validity are ongoing. The validity of these tasks as translational vigilance assessments enables their use in characterizing the neuropathology underlying attentional deficits of animal models of psychiatric disease, and in determining therapeutic potential of drugs ahead of clinical testing. Here, we briefly review the development and validation of such tests of attentional functioning, as well as the data they have generated pertaining to inattention, disinhibition, and impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Negative valence systems: sustained threat and the predatory imminence continuum. 负价系统：持续的威胁和掠夺性的紧迫性连续体。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220003

Michael S Fanselow

{"title":"Negative valence systems: sustained threat and the predatory imminence continuum.","authors":"Michael S Fanselow","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220003","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20220003","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes the relationship between the National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.A.) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence System related to responses to threat and the Predatory Imminence Continuum model of antipredator defensive behavior. While the original RDoC constructs of Potential Threat (anxiety) and Acute Threat (fear) fit well with the pre-encounter and post-encounter defense modes of the predatory imminence model, the Sustained Threat construct does not. Early research on the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) suggested that when fear responding needed to be sustained for a prolonged duration this region was important. However, follow-up studies indicated that the BST becomes critical not because responses needed to be sustained but rather when the stimuli triggering fear were more difficult to learn about, particularly when aversive stimuli were difficult to accurately predict. Instead, it is argued that the BST and the hippocampus act to expand the range of conditions that can trigger post-encounter defense (Acute Threat). It is further suggested that sustained threat refers to situations where the predatory imminence continuum becomes distorted causing defensive behavior to intrude into times when organisms should be engaging in other adaptive behaviors. Stress is seen as something that can cause a long-term disturbance of the continuum and this disturbance is a state of sustained threat.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/8c/ETLS-6-467.PMC9788377.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10842711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Editorial introduction: animal models relevant to mental health disorders. 编辑导言：与精神疾病相关的动物模型。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220094

Amy L Milton

引用次数: 0