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Apostles of knowledge: Feminine modernities and the travelling schoolmistresses of interwar Iraq 知识的传道者：女性的现代性和两次世界大战之间伊拉克的旅行女教师
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12823
Hilary Falb Kalisman
{"title":"Apostles of knowledge: Feminine modernities and the travelling schoolmistresses of interwar Iraq","authors":"Hilary Falb Kalisman","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the interwar era, nearly all of Iraq's secondary schoolmistresses journeyed to Iraq from other corners of the Arab world. This article examines their extraordinary lives, impact on their students and the feminine modernity that these women represented. Policymakers, officials and intellectuals sought to spread women's education, linking it to a global vision of modern domesticity. In contrast, the schoolmistresses of interwar Iraq, the first women in the region to receive higher education, tied their journeys to their gender, underscoring that travel and a ‘modern’ education created a different type of ‘new woman’ who was to be, and to remain, exceptional.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"224-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where's the beef? The feminisation of weight-loss dieting in Britain and Scandinavia c.1890–1925 牛肉在哪里？英国和斯堪的纳维亚减肥女性化（1890-1925 年
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12787
Emma Hilborn
{"title":"Where's the beef? The feminisation of weight-loss dieting in Britain and Scandinavia c.1890–1925","authors":"Emma Hilborn","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12787","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12787","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Representations of the slim body have traditionally been at the centre of scholarly interest in dieting culture, whereas food often remains a shadowy presence compared with more persistent themes of body discipline, slenderness and anti-fat messages. This article offers a different perspective on weight-loss dieting, placing food at the very centre of the analysis. By examining different diets in British and Scandinavian ladies’ magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s, I argue that the gendering of different foods was central to the changes that weight-loss diets went through at the turn of the twentieth century, when the meat-heavy diets associated with male dieting were gradually transformed. That this process was initiated within the feminine beauty culture promoted by ladies’ magazines is reinforced by the fact that weight-loss diets changed well before mainstream nutritional advice did. The empirical analysis shows that this process of feminisation tied weight-loss diets to existing, vegetarian beauty routines for a good complexion, suggesting that modern dieting culture is not only about slimming, but can be seen as a variation of a theme within beauty culture that centres around the imagined impact of different foods on the gendered body.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"191-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexing the history of Indian anti-colonial internationalism: White women, Indian men and the politics of the personal 印度反殖民国际主义的历史性别化：白人女性、印度男性与个人政治
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12801
Joanna Simonow
{"title":"Sexing the history of Indian anti-colonial internationalism: White women, Indian men and the politics of the personal","authors":"Joanna Simonow","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12801","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In contrast to the wealth of literature on the gendered and sexual politics of Indian nationalism, studies on the internationalisation of Indian anti-colonial nationalism are rarely informed by the twin themes of gender and sexuality. As Indian activists traversed international political spaces in the early twentieth century, they frequently entered into sexual relations with white women. This article explores the possible political consequences of such sexual contact through a study of the personal lives of Arathil Candeth Narayanan Nambiar and Manabendra Nath Roy and their relationships with the largely unknown German-born sisters, Eva and Lu Geissler.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"207-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The strategic failure of shaping ‘childish’ colonised men into manly colonial soldiers in Vietnam and the Philippines, 1882–1915 1882-1915 年在越南和菲律宾将 "幼稚 "的殖民男子塑造成男子汉殖民士兵的战略失败
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12799
Erik Meddles
{"title":"The strategic failure of shaping ‘childish’ colonised men into manly colonial soldiers in Vietnam and the Philippines, 1882–1915","authors":"Erik Meddles","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12799","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the late nineteenth century, French soldiers in Vietnam and American soldiers in the Philippines trained Southeast Asian men into auxiliary soldiers. Both the French and American soldiers viewed this objective in gendered terms, considering Southeast Asian men as childish and in need of manly discipline. This perception of Southeast Asian men as childlike overlapped with other gendered descriptions of Southeast Asians within each colonial context, such as the ‘feminine’ appearance of Vietnamese men and the supposedly savage masculinity of Filipinos. However, the childlike descriptor superseded these other gendered descriptions in both locations. This article compares these two colonies and argues that childishness was a gendered category imposed on Southeast Asians by French and American soldiers. It also demonstrates how the objectives of training Southeast Asian soldiers were frustrated by the contestations of Vietnamese and Filipino soldiers and intellectuals. The article argues that even when successful by their own criteria, French and American officers could not accept that they had transformed Southeast Asian ‘children’ into ‘men’, because declaring victory would undermine the ongoing need for colonial intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"172-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The agency of a marmalade machine: Gender, class and mechanical gadgets in the British Kitchen, c.1870–1938 果酱机的作用：1870 - 1938年英国厨房里的性别、阶级和机械装置
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12806
Katie Carpenter
{"title":"The agency of a marmalade machine: Gender, class and mechanical gadgets in the British Kitchen, c.1870–1938","authors":"Katie Carpenter","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12806","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the marmalade machine, a mechanical device designed to slice orange peel. These niche objects were manufactured between roughly 1870 and 1938 in Britain. As a so-called ‘labour-saving’ gadget, the marmalade machine sliced orange peel quickly and effectively, removing the tedious process of slicing orange peel by hand. However, like many labour-saving technologies, it also required an extended skillset from the housewife, by necessitating a mechanical and intellectual engagement from the user. Drawing on an eclectic range of source material, including physical examination of the machines, this article argues that the marmalade machine possessed agency through its affordances.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"139-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was Einhard a widower? 艾因哈德是鳏夫吗？
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12762
Ingrid Rembold
{"title":"Was Einhard a widower?","authors":"Ingrid Rembold","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12762","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12762","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ‘widow’ is a gendered, socially contingent category. Women who experienced spousal bereavement in the early middle ages faced various socio-economic and legal ramifications; the ‘widow’ was further a rhetorical figure with a defined emotional register. The widower is, by contrast, an anachronistic category. In the absence of developed models of male ‘widowhood’, this article considers the case study of Einhard, whose letter of bereavement appears to offer a rare glimpse into early medieval interiority. Einhard did not experience the same socio-economic and legal consequences of female widowhood. But was he, in his own rhetorical self-expression, a male widow?</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘They Begged with Borrowed Children and a Woman in Men's Clothing’: Gender and the Regulation of Begging in Late Medieval Germany “他们带着借来的孩子和一个穿男装的女人乞讨”：中世纪晚期德国的性别和乞讨规则
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12828
Allison Edgren
{"title":"‘They Begged with Borrowed Children and a Woman in Men's Clothing’: Gender and the Regulation of Begging in Late Medieval Germany","authors":"Allison Edgren","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12828","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12828","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article investigates the role that gender played in the regulation of begging in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in southern German cities. Central to this analysis is an unusual legal case from Nuremberg, in which two blind beggars were exiled for seeking alms with borrowed children and a cross-dressing woman. This case provides insight into many of the factors that influenced medieval reactions to mendicancy, including perceptions of gender, disability and deceptive begging practices. Contextualising the case in local literary and legal records reveals that all these factors together contributed to the group's condemnation, as authorities considered this near-familial group as a whole. The case thus suggests that medieval observers considered beggars’ gender not only individually but also in terms of their relationships; the more a group resembled a family unit, the less potential donors and authorities were willing to tolerate divergence from accepted gender norms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"38-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gendering starvation: Women's experiences of the Kazakh famine, 1930–1933 性别饥饿：1930-1933年哈萨克妇女的饥荒经历
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12807
Mehmet Volkan Kaşıkçı
{"title":"Gendering starvation: Women's experiences of the Kazakh famine, 1930–1933","authors":"Mehmet Volkan Kaşıkçı","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on archival sources and previously underexplored famine testimonies, this article provides the first study of gender and women's experiences during the Kazakh famine. First, I provide a discussion of motherhood in this time of catastrophe. Traditional parental norms collapsed in a similar way to other catastrophes across the world. The second part of the article offers a discussion of who survived the famine. I argue that many parents preferred saving their sons at the expense of their daughters and consequently more boys survived the famine than girls. Son preference manifested itself strongly in the catastrophic years of famine as saving a man's lineage was deemed to be essential. The last part discusses sexual violence and sexual barter. I show that rape and prostitution were relatively less widespread in Kazakhstan, while sexual violence and barter frequently took a different form. Instead of directly raping women, abusers usually forced women to marry them as second wives. Unlike many examples in world history, sexual barter usually took place not between women and men, but between abuser men and male relatives of female victims. Son preference and the sale of women are reflections of how strongly patriarchal the nomadic society was.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"240-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The agency of a marmalade machine: Gender, class and mechanical gadgets in the British Kitchen, c.1870–1938 果酱机的作用：1870 - 1938年英国厨房里的性别、阶级和机械装置
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12806
Katie Carpenter
{"title":"The agency of a marmalade machine: Gender, class and mechanical gadgets in the British Kitchen, c.1870–1938","authors":"Katie Carpenter","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12806","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the marmalade machine, a mechanical device designed to slice orange peel. These niche objects were manufactured between roughly 1870 and 1938 in Britain. As a so-called ‘labour-saving’ gadget, the marmalade machine sliced orange peel quickly and effectively, removing the tedious process of slicing orange peel by hand. However, like many labour-saving technologies, it also required an extended skillset from the housewife, by necessitating a mechanical and intellectual engagement from the user. Drawing on an eclectic range of source material, including physical examination of the machines, this article argues that the marmalade machine possessed agency through its affordances.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"139-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Expression is power’: Gender, residual culture and political aspiration at the Cumnock School of Oratory, 1870–1900 表达就是力量"：1870-1900 年库科克演说学校的性别、残余文化和政治抱负
IF 0.4 3区 历史学
Gender and History Pub Date : 2026-03-26 Epub Date: 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.12786
Fiona Maxwell
{"title":"‘Expression is power’: Gender, residual culture and political aspiration at the Cumnock School of Oratory, 1870–1900","authors":"Fiona Maxwell","doi":"10.1111/1468-0424.12786","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-0424.12786","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article investigates the ways in which late-nineteenth-century students at Northwestern University's Cumnock School of Oratory mobilised elocution training and parlour performance to foster mixed-gender public discourse. I use student publications to reconstruct parlour meetings in which women and men adapted traditions of conversational speech to allocate artistic and political participation equally across genders. Women expanded their expressive range and political aspirations, while men gained new understandings of manliness and women's rights. With the onset of muscular masculinity in the 1890s, oratory students reworked their performance culture into an act of campus resistance and a blueprint for social reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":46382,"journal":{"name":"Gender and History","volume":"38 1","pages":"121-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-0424.12786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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