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Charity and philanthropy in Middle East history 中东历史上的慈善和慈善事业
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12760
Amy Fallas
{"title":"Charity and philanthropy in Middle East history","authors":"Amy Fallas","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12760","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12760","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Until the late 20th century, few studies focused on the history of charity and philanthropy in the Middle East from the medieval to modern periods. The work that explored this subject largely concentrated on the ideals of charitable practices, such as the faith-based tenets of social welfare as an Islamic communal practice and the religiously mandated form of almsgiving (<i>zakat</i>). But during the late 1990s, a new generation of scholars challenged the assumption of charity across the region as <i>only</i> a pious act and sought to address the dearth of literature on the subject. They shifted critical focus onto the history of philanthropy to consider and account for the social, economic, and political structures that shaped a wide range of charitable practices, activities, institutions, benefactors, and recipients. They also interrogated how communities determined the parameters of need, developed notions of the “deserving poor,” and mediated the relationship between the ideals and practices of beneficence. Overlapping fields such as social history and women's studies as well as analytics of gender, class, and national identity informed and advanced historical studies of charity and philanthropy across the Middle East. The subfield continues to innovate with new work across academic disciplines and new publishing venues for further studies of charity in the region across time periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"21 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49099141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptualising the ‘Administration of the Dead’: Cadavers, war and public health in the early 20th century “死者管理”的概念化:20世纪初的尸体、战争和公共卫生
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12758
Romain Fathi
{"title":"Conceptualising the ‘Administration of the Dead’: Cadavers, war and public health in the early 20th century","authors":"Romain Fathi","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12758","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the relative absence of historical literature pertaining to the battlefield disposal of military corpses during and shortly after the First World War. It posits that while First World War Studies constitute an enormously rich field of research, scholars are yet to consider corpses and their disposal as a central topic of investigation, as is the case with other disciplines and historians of other conflicts. To address this lacuna, this article proposes the notion of ‘administration of the dead’ that may serve to both conceptualise and explore how First World War battlefield body disposal was performed. This article demonstrates the rich avenues that this topic opens to historians and sketches out areas of investigation such as the administrative, medical and technological dimensions of body disposal in the First World War.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.12758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48015028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Debating Latin America's Cold War: A vision from the south 辩论拉丁美洲的冷战：来自南方的愿景
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12759
Rafael R. Ioris, Vanni Pettina
{"title":"Debating Latin America's Cold War: A vision from the south","authors":"Rafael R. Ioris,&nbsp;Vanni Pettina","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12759","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The historiography on Latin America's Cold War has grown significantly in the last few years. But though the field has expanded in ways that include new perspectives, much could be gained by engaging more closely with voices from the South or works produced by scholars based in Latin America. Similarly, more nuanced analytical framings that pay closer attention to post-World War II development, particularly in South America, would also enrich our understanding of the complex and multidimensional experiences of the Cold War in the region. We demonstrate this point by examining the works of rising Latin American scholars working on the hemispheric and international dimensions of the Latin America's Cold War, showing that this literature needs to be integrated into existing accounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49342685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early modern parliamentary studies: Overview and new perspectives 现代早期议会研究：综述与新视角
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12757
Paulina Kewes, Steven Gunn, Dorota Pietrzyk-Reeves, Paul Seaward, Tracey Sowerby, Jim van der Meulen
{"title":"Early modern parliamentary studies: Overview and new perspectives","authors":"Paulina Kewes,&nbsp;Steven Gunn,&nbsp;Dorota Pietrzyk-Reeves,&nbsp;Paul Seaward,&nbsp;Tracey Sowerby,&nbsp;Jim van der Meulen","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12757","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12757","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this essay, we call for a new approach to representative assemblies of early modern Europe and beyond. While there are vast national historiographies on their legal constitutional structure, little effort has been made to reconstruct the cultural and transnational dimension of such bodies, a phenomenon we describe as ‘parliamentary culture’. We argue that there is much to be gained from an investigation of the culture surrounding these bodies- how they influenced and shaped political behaviour and were shaped by it, and how they were embedded into the thought of their time and period- and from seeing them as part of a set of common European traditions of political negotiation and consent. We suggest an interdisciplinary and collaborative agenda for that investigation that might lead beyond Europe too, into some of its colonies, where Europeans also encountered other traditions of negotiated discussion and agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47089109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The administration of justice in Wales during the long eighteenth century 漫长的十八世纪威尔士的司法
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12756
John Walliss
{"title":"The administration of justice in Wales during the long eighteenth century","authors":"John Walliss","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12756","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While the last four-and-a-half decades has seen a growing body of historical scholarship on the administration of justice in England during the long eighteenth century, the administration of justice in Wales is a relatively neglected topic. This article reviews the relatively small historiography on the administration of justice in Georgian Wales, highlighting the ways in which patterns of indictments, convictions and executions were both similar and, crucially, different to those found in England during the period. After introducing the superior courts in the Principality during this period—the Wales Courts of Great Sessions - the article discusses the patterns of indictments, convictions and executions in the Great Sessions. The article then concludes by suggesting avenues of further research in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.12756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching & learning guide for: The crisis of the postcolonial nation-state and the emergence of alternative forms of statehood in the Horn of Africa 教学指南:非洲之角后殖民民族国家的危机和其他国家形式的出现
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12753
Namhla Thando Matshanda
{"title":"Teaching & learning guide for: The crisis of the postcolonial nation-state and the emergence of alternative forms of statehood in the Horn of Africa","authors":"Namhla Thando Matshanda","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>The African postcolonial state is in crisis, and it has been for a while. The sources and forms of this crisis are multiple in nature. My focus on this article is on the political aspects of this crisis. The idea of the African postcolonial state became a reality when the majority of former colonies in Africa gained independence from European colonial rule. What these former colonies inherited was not entirely clear at the time. What was evident was that they had to mould themselves into the model of the dominant European nation-state in order to gain recognition and acceptance as sovereign states. However, it soon became clear that the construction of a postcolonial state and nation in Africa would present the newly independent polities with serious challenges. These have congealed over the past half-century to result in the various crises that dominate the organisation of political community in Africa. These challenges take uniquely distinct forms in the Horn of Africa. In this region articulations and imaginations of the state and nation are highly contested in the Horn of Africa and are often marked by violence. These contestations have led to the emergence of what appear to be alternative forms of statehood. The various polities in the region are challenging the nation-state model and are simultaneously attempting to find alternatives to this foreign model. These processes are unique to this region of Africa and are worth analysing and thinking through in terms of what they could potentially mean for the future of the nation-state in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender and madness in nineteenth-century Britain 19世纪英国的性别与疯狂
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12754
Amy Milne-Smith
{"title":"Gender and madness in nineteenth-century Britain","authors":"Amy Milne-Smith","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12754","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For decades, the history of gender and madness was a story about women. Individuals deemed lunatics were universally treated as passive victims of medio-legal forces beyond their control. New generations of scholars have looked beyond power binaries to interrogate the complex network of gender, class, family, and culture to place ‘the mad’ as historical actors in a complex and often contradictory story. This article reflects on some major themes in the British historiography of Victorian gender and madness since the mid-20th century. It highlights how feminist and anti-psychiatrist interdisciplinary works inspired new generations of historians to place gender at the forefront of studies of medical discourse about madness, lunatic asylums, and the experiences of those deemed insane. Recent literature on the history of gender and madness places itself as key to not only the history of medicine, but the history of Victorian Britain in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
National indifference and dynastic loyalty in comparative perspective: The demise of the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires revisited 比较视角下的民族冷漠与王朝忠诚:哈布斯堡与奥斯曼帝国的衰亡
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12755
Mario Maritan
{"title":"National indifference and dynastic loyalty in comparative perspective: The demise of the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires revisited","authors":"Mario Maritan","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12755","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The demise of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War marked the end of centuries of multi-ethnic coexistence. To this day, outside the field of history, the perception of both empires is rooted in the idea of the inevitability of their demise, which, as the story goes, was due to the strength of nationalist movements and the intensity of inter-ethnic strife. The ‘orientalising’ of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire has been translated into current understandings of Central Europe, the Balkans and the Middle East and their politics. While ethnic clashes have characterised the histories of these regions in the 20th century and nationalisms still play a central role in their politics, from Hungary to Turkey, national indifference, dynastic loyalty and multi-ethnic coexistence had been central to the life of the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional Habsburg and Ottoman Empires.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41490698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nostalgia for Japanese colonialism: Historical memory and postcolonialism in contemporary Taiwan 日本殖民主义的怀旧:当代台湾的历史记忆与后殖民主义
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12751
James Lin
{"title":"Nostalgia for Japanese colonialism: Historical memory and postcolonialism in contemporary Taiwan","authors":"James Lin","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Taiwan is unique among postcolonial societies today for a widespread social nostalgia for Japanese colonial rule. Contrasted with anti-Japanese sentiment in neighboring East Asian societies like South Korea and China, Taiwan seems to present a puzzling instance of “pro-colonial” nostalgia. This article discusses this phenomenon through reviewing recent scholarship of Japanese and Guomindang rule of Taiwan and Taiwanese postcolonialism. Nostalgia for Japanese colonialism in Taiwan emerged after the traumatic experiences of later Guomindang authoritarian rule and the politics of democratization and decolonization that followed the end of Guomindang martial law. While some of this social memory is shaped by a generation who lived through Japanese rule, much of the reshaping of Taiwan's historical memory is more complex than merely “pro-colonialism.” Colonial nostalgia reflects a historical memory shaped by contemporary social experiences of trauma, counterhegemony, and postcolonial agency.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Toxic remedies: Poisons and medicine in Eurasian history 有毒药物:欧亚历史上的毒药和药物
IF 0.4
History Compass Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12752
David Arnold
{"title":"Toxic remedies: Poisons and medicine in Eurasian history","authors":"David Arnold","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12752","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Histories of medicine are conventionally confined to one geographical region and assume a sharp distinction between medicines and poisons. Recent scholarship, however, has created very different perspectives. Medico-toxic substances were highly mobile commodities that often breached any clear distinction between what kills and what heals. The investigation of poisons could be innovative and integral to the ways in which medicines were conceived and deployed. The search for ‘potent’ remedies, but also for poison antidotes and elixirs, fostered a transregional quest for new ‘wonder drugs’ and the means of ‘taming’ or mastering their toxicity. Further, there is much to be gained by looking at developments from a trans-Eurasian perspective and, rather than imagining discrete ‘systems’ of medicine, exploring patterns of commonality and exchange, as well as divergence, between constituent regions and over an extended period of time.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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