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Programming Style: Suggested Guidelines for Writing Code 编程风格：编写代码的建议指南
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12567
Joe Hirschberg, Jenny Lye
{"title":"Programming Style: Suggested Guidelines for Writing Code","authors":"Joe Hirschberg,&nbsp;Jenny Lye","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since computer code has become elemental in current research it has become imperative that code should be written clearly and in good style. A program written in a clear, well-written style is easier to debug and is more useful to those who may want to replicate your work, extend it, speed it up or borrow from it. Clearly, written code is also a useful tool in the training of future researchers. In this paper, we suggest a set of style guidelines and we provide examples of how particular elements of code can be done using the statistical packages Stata, SAS and R. We also present recommendations for how to write code.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 3","pages":"302-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medicare and Priority Populations: Structural and Place-based Considerations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and LGBTIQ+ Australians 医疗保险和重点人群：土著居民、托雷斯海峡岛民和 LGBTIQ+ 澳大利亚人的结构性和地方性考虑因素
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12561
Karinna Saxby, Mike Stephens
{"title":"Medicare and Priority Populations: Structural and Place-based Considerations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and LGBTIQ+ Australians","authors":"Karinna Saxby,&nbsp;Mike Stephens","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>The past 40 years of Medicare have seen effective policy for reducing income-related inequities in healthcare use. In this article, we describe how past and current Medicare policies have shaped, and continue to shape, healthcare access for other priority populations—Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and LGBTIQ+ populations. Drawing on empirical evidence, we also document the importance of structural-, place- and demographic-specific nuance when designing and implementing such policies. We conclude by offering recommendations on how Medicare can strive for better and more equitable access for these priority populations over the next 40 years and beyond</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caring for Older Patients: Quality and Efficiency of Australia's Healthcare System 关爱老年患者：澳大利亚医疗保健系统的质量和效率
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12558
Jongsay Yong, Ou Yang
{"title":"Caring for Older Patients: Quality and Efficiency of Australia's Healthcare System","authors":"Jongsay Yong,&nbsp;Ou Yang","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12558","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With population ageing and increased longevity, Australia faces pressing policy issues on caring for older people. As Medicare turns 40, it is timely to assess how the system has been performing, and what changes are needed to modernise Medicare. This article examines the quality and efficiency of care using hospital administrative data. We find that the current system provides good quality and efficient care for older patients, except for those living in residential aged care homes. These patients receive lower quality care yet stay longer in hospitals. We suggest alternative approaches designed around bundled payments and a single budget holder to provide incentives for integrated team-based care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Medicare Support Multidisciplinary Teams Working to the Top of Their Ticket? 医疗保险是否支持多学科团队全力以赴？
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12557
Jean Spinks, Susan Nancarrow, Sue McAvoy, Lisa Nissen
{"title":"Does Medicare Support Multidisciplinary Teams Working to the Top of Their Ticket?","authors":"Jean Spinks,&nbsp;Susan Nancarrow,&nbsp;Sue McAvoy,&nbsp;Lisa Nissen","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The health landscape has changed enormously since the introduction of Medicare 40 years ago. Not only have population health needs changed, the provision of health care has also evolved. A wider range of health practitioners with enhanced skills and competencies are ready and able to provide high-quality primary health care. However, expecting the funding model introduced 40 years ago to be fit for purpose to support this expanded workforce may be unrealistic. Whilst optimising person-centred team care might be the vision, currently missing is the systems thinking approach required to realise the synergistic benefits of health care teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medicare at 40: Are We Showing Our Age? 40 岁的医疗保险：我们是否已显老态？
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12559
Jane Hall, Kees van Gool, Philip Haywood, Denzil Fiebig
{"title":"Medicare at 40: Are We Showing Our Age?","authors":"Jane Hall,&nbsp;Kees van Gool,&nbsp;Philip Haywood,&nbsp;Denzil Fiebig","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12559","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>To understand what Medicare aimed to achieve, we need to revisit the medico-politics of the time, and the fear of the spectre of socialised medicine. That determined what could be changed (universal insurance and contributions according to means) and what could not (private medical service provision and fee-for-service). We consider what Medicare has achieved in terms of community acceptance, fairer contributions, affordability at its establishment; and how those aims can be assessed today. While Medicare is undoubtedly a success, there are inflexibilities in its structure that are challenging in ensuring it is fit for the next four decades</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simplifying, Innovating, and Collaborating: Educating the Health Workforce for Medicare's Middle-age 简化、创新与合作：教育医疗保健中年保健人员
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12554
Tina Brock, Sandra Davidson, Elizabeth Molloy
{"title":"Simplifying, Innovating, and Collaborating: Educating the Health Workforce for Medicare's Middle-age","authors":"Tina Brock,&nbsp;Sandra Davidson,&nbsp;Elizabeth Molloy","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12554","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia's Medicare is at a mid-life reflection point. This is not a moment for existential dread or rash actions. Instead, it is a time for age-related improvement. Middle-aged Medicare would benefit from policy that reflects the benefits of subtractive change to reduce its complexity. In addition, policies prioritising the use of data science to enact technologically innovative approaches would improve overall flexibility. Finally, policy can play an important role in strengthening connections between health profession cadres, incentivising them to work together at the top of scope. With education, practice, and policy collaborating, we can enable Medicare's wellbeing for years to come.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Can the Australian Government Make Primary Care and Private Health Insurance More Affordable? 澳大利亚政府如何让人们更能负担得起初级保健和私人医疗保险？
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12553
Yuting Zhang
{"title":"How Can the Australian Government Make Primary Care and Private Health Insurance More Affordable?","authors":"Yuting Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12553","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>As health care costs rise in Australia, the affordability of primary care and private health insurance (PHI) are critical concerns. Key questions include whether primary care should be free for all, and what role should PHI play alongside Medicare. The Government spends $6.7 billion on PHI rebates, yet these incentives have limited impact. The Government should reduce public support on PHI and improve primary and preventive care. Primary care should be free for all low-income people and children regardless of where they live, and cheaper for other population. This can be achieved with the current budget and better policy design</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"174-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology to the Rescue: Shifting to a Predict–Prevent Model for Sustainable Healthcare 技术拯救生命：转向可持续医疗保健的预测-预防模式
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12555
Clair M. Sullivan
{"title":"Technology to the Rescue: Shifting to a Predict–Prevent Model for Sustainable Healthcare","authors":"Clair M. Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12555","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional break–fix model of healthcare, characterised by reactive interventions after the onset of diseases, is undergoing a significant transformation globally, including in Australia. This is occurring at the same time that revolutionary technologies such as artificial intelligence and precision prevention of disease are emerging. This article explores the imperative to transition from our current break–fix model of health care towards a predict–prevent model, emphasising proactive healthcare strategies underpinned by technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Australian Pioneers in Health Economics: The Origins of Medicare 澳大利亚卫生经济学先驱：医疗保险的起源
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12552
Ross Williams
{"title":"Australian Pioneers in Health Economics: The Origins of Medicare","authors":"Ross Williams","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12552","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Medicare is now 40 years old, but the blueprint was developed in the 1960s by John Deeble and Richard Scotton working at the Melbourne Institute. Starting with a desire to understand the Australian health system of the early1960s, Deeble and Scotton collected much information and data on the provision of health services and their financing. This led them to be highly critical of the health system and, in response to a challenge from the Labor leader, Gough Whitlam, the development of a new system which we now know as Medicare</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Proposal to Extend Universal Insurance to Dental Care in Australia 将全民保险扩展到澳大利亚牙科保健的建议
IF 1 4区 经济学
Australian Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12556
Philip Clarke, Henry Cutler
{"title":"A Proposal to Extend Universal Insurance to Dental Care in Australia","authors":"Philip Clarke,&nbsp;Henry Cutler","doi":"10.1111/1467-8462.12556","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8462.12556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The debate over universal dental insurance in Australia has persisted since the mid-1970s, as dental care was excluded from Medibank (the predecessor of Medicare) for political and economic reasons. Importantly, dental care expenses are often more predictable than other types of medical care, making insurance design more challenging. We provide an overview of proposals for public dental insurance in Australia, arguing that income-contingent loans to fund higher dental costs may provide a mechanism for expanding insurance while limiting government expenditure. Finally, we argue that a randomised controlled experiment could offer insights into the effectiveness and sustainability of various insurance models for dental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46348,"journal":{"name":"Australian Economic Review","volume":"57 2","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8462.12556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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