Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Concealing, Tolerating, and Adjusting to Emotions in Obsessive-Compulsive and Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Carla P Loureiro,&nbsp;Emma Thompson,&nbsp;Luana D Laurito,&nbsp;Maria E Moreira-de-Oliveira,&nbsp;Rafaela V Dias,&nbsp;Gabriela B de Menezes,&nbsp;Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although research has shown that mood and anxiety disorders manifest disturbed emotion regulation, it is unclear whether anxiety disorders differ between each other in terms of their emotion regulation strategies. In the present study, we investigated whether patients with anxiety disorders present different affective styles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed affective styles of 32 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, 29 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients, 29 panic disorder (PD) patients, and 20 healthy controls through the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ). A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to compare the affective styles across groups (OCD, SAD, PD and control), while controlling for depression, anxiety symptoms and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MANCOVA revealed a significant, small-medium, main effect of diagnostic group on affective styles. The planned contrasts revealed that OCD and SAD patients reported significantly lower scores for \"tolerance\" (ASQ-T) compared to healthy controls group. There were no differences between PD group and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide evidence that OCD and SAD have difficulty tolerating strong emotions existing in the present moment in an open and non-defensive way.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haloperidol versus Second-generation Antipsychotics on the cognitive performance of individuals with schizophrenia and related disorders: pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Daniel Prates Baldeza,&nbsp;Tais Boeira Biazus,&nbsp;Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte,&nbsp;Guilherme Pedro Nogaro,&nbsp;Dayane Santos Martins,&nbsp;João Pedro Soledade Signori,&nbsp;Vanessa Gnielka,&nbsp;Ives Cavalcante Passos,&nbsp;Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski,&nbsp;Maurício Kunz","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite previous literature, the superiority of Second-generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) relative to First-generation Antipsychotics- especially haloperidol - on cognitive management in schizophrenia is still controversial. Thus, we aimed to compare the effects of haloperidol versus SGAs on the cognitive performance of individuals with schizophrenia or related disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an updated systematic review and nine pairwise meta-analyses of double-blinded randomized controlled trials published up to October 30th, 2022, using Medline, Web of Science, and Embase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight trials were included, enrolling 1,932 individuals. Compared to SGAs, haloperidol performed worse on cognitive composite (MD -0.13; 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.03; MD = mean difference, CI = confidence interval), processing speed (MD -0.17; 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.07), attention (MD -0.14; 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.02), motor performance (MD -0.17; 95% CI: -0.31 to -0.03), memory and verbal learning (MD -0.21; 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.08), and executive function (MD -0.27; 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.11). In contrast, there were no significant differences between SGAs and haloperidol on working memory (MD 0.10; 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.27), visual learning (MD 0.08; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.21), social cognition (MD 0.29; 95% CI: -0.30 to 0.88), and visuoconstruction (MD 0.17; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Haloperidol had poorer performance in global cognition and in some cognitive domains, but with small effect sizes. Therefore, it was not possible to conclude that haloperidol is certainly worse than SGAs in the long-term cognitive management of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive assessment of impulsivity requires more than a single questionnaire.","authors":"Isabella Fonseca,&nbsp;Carl Hart","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9776828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Death Anxiety Scale for Adult Chronic Patients.","authors":"Ximena Palacios-Espinosa,&nbsp;Ricardo Sánchez Pedraza,&nbsp;Ana-María Gómez-Carvajal,&nbsp;Juan Sebastián Botero-Meneses,&nbsp;Diana María Escallón,&nbsp;Diego Armando Leal","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Death anxiety is a predictor of exacerbations in both physical and psychological symptoms of chronic diseases. Therefore, having short and easy-to-apply instruments to assess the presence of death anxiety and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to address it are important.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) developed by Donald Templer in a Colombian population of adult patients diagnosed with a chronic disease. The original instrument was linguistically, conceptually, and culturally adapted to Colombian Spanish to be subsequently applied to 301 adult patients with chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor structure, with a variance of 47%. Internal consistency was observed (Cronbach's alpha: 0.71; McDonald's omega: 0.76; Guttman's lambda 6 (G6): 0.74; greatest lower bound: 0.54). A correlation coefficient of 0.64 was found between the total score of the DAS and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When comparing the results with the versions of the DAS in Spanish from Mexico and Spain, variability in the psychometric properties was observed; therefore, language cannot be assumed to be a guarantee of the reliability and validity of the instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9776830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of inflammatory and metabolic markers on depression, anxiety, and cognition after COVID-19: A narrative review.","authors":"Elton Jorge Bessa Diniz,&nbsp;Fulvio Alexandre Scorza,&nbsp;Fabrício Maués Santos Rodrigues,&nbsp;Claudia Berlim de Mello,&nbsp;Tatiana Carvalho de Souza Bonetti,&nbsp;Karina Ramalho Bortoluci,&nbsp;Jair de Jesus Mari","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There has been growing concern about the long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health. The biological factors common to psychiatric conditions and COVID-19 are not yet fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We narratively reviewed prospective longitudinal studies that measured metabolic or inflammatory markers and assessed psychiatric sequalae and cognitive impairment in individuals with COVID-19 at least 3 months after the infection. A literature search identified three relevant cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, depressive symptomatology and cognitive deficits persisted for up to one year after COVID-19; depression and cognitive changes were predicted by acute inflammatory markers, and changes in these markers correlated with changes in depressive symptomatology; female sex, obesity, and the presence of inflammatory markers were associated with more severe clusters of physical and mental health status in patients' self-perceived recovery; and plasma metabolic profiles of patients continued to differ from those of healthy controls three months after hospital discharge, which were associated with widespread alterations in neuroimaging, reflecting issues with white matter integrity. This is a non-systematic review and cautions should be made while interpreting the conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals affected by the COVID-19, prolonged exposure to stress and alterations in metabolic and inflammatory markers plays a central role in psychiatric sequalae and cognitive deficits in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9683785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between the triarchic traits and mental health symptoms: the role of coping styles as mediators.","authors":"Lucas de Francisco Carvalho,&nbsp;Maria Clara Romão Pontes Rolim Garcia,&nbsp;Gisele Magarotto Machado,&nbsp;Cibelle de Oliveira","doi":"110.47626/2237-6089-2023-0625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/110.47626/2237-6089-2023-0625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated relationships between the triarchic model of psychopathy, coping styles, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and verified the mediating effect of coping styles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 957 adults responding to the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Inventory of depression and anxiety symptoms expanded version, and Crime and Analogous Behavior Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were analyzed using four path analyses to test our hypothesis, indicating each triarchic trait is differently associated with psychological symptoms and coping styles. We also observed the preference for some coping styles affecting the association between triarchic traits and psychological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that coping styles affect only the associations between boldness*distress and boldness*fear, indicating that specific coping strategies can account for variations in distress and fear linked to boldness.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9593030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy as a Potential Treatment for Eating Disorders: a Narrative Review of Preliminary Evidence.","authors":"Elena Koning,&nbsp;Elisa Brietzke","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eating disorders (ED) are a group of potentially severe mental disorders characterized by abnormal energy balance, cognitive dysfunction and emotional distress. Cognitive inflexibility is a major challenge to successful ED treatment and dysregulated serotonergic function has been implicated in this symptomatic dimension. Moreover, there are few effective treatment options and long-term remission of ED symptoms is difficult to achieve. There is emerging evidence for the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for a range of mental disorders. Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic which has demonstrated therapeutic benefit to a variety of psychiatric illnesses characterized by rigid thought patterns and treatment resistance. The current paper presents a narrative review of the hypothesis that psilocybin may be an effective adjunctive treatment for individuals with EDs, based on biological plausibility, transdiagnostic evidence and preliminary results. Limitations of the psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy model and proposed future directions for the application to eating behavior are also discussed. Although the literature to date is not sufficient to propose the incorporation of psilocybin in the treatment of disordered eating behaviors, preliminary evidence supports the need for more rigorous clinical trials as an important avenue for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between psychodynamic functioning, defensive mechanisms and trauma in patients with PTSD?","authors":"Taís Cristina Favaretto,&nbsp;Luciane Maria Both,&nbsp;Silvia Pereira da Cruz Benetti,&nbsp;Lúcia Helena Machado Freitas","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) present a variety of symptoms, with different intensities, causing impairments in the individual, social and occupational functioning areas. The aim of this study was to understand the psychodynamic functioning of patients with PTSD, exploring the relationship between symptom severity, quality of life, subjective suffering, conflicts and psychic structure regarding sociodemographic characteristics, styles and defensive mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional quantitative study with 60 participants. The following were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-2 (OPD-2) and the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had moderate to high symptom severity, with significant subjective suffering and isolation. The main conflict was Need for care x Self-sufficiency and the level of Total Structure was moderate/low. The use of immature, neurotic, and mature defensive styles was observed. More primitive personality structures, more rigid defenses and greater dependence were found in patients with history of past trauma. Other mental disorders were also associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OPD-2 was effective to assess the psychodynamic functioning characteristics of patients with PTSD. Therapeutic treatment should focus on the psychic structure and not only on symptom control. Prevention strategies should target vulnerability factors and strengthening of protective factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9318334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Women's Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.","authors":"Angelica Cerveira de Baumont,&nbsp;Géssica Sá Oliveira,&nbsp;Juliana Bastos de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Júlia Foschiera Dos Santos,&nbsp;Bruna Pasqualini Genro,&nbsp;Luísa Fernanda Habigzang,&nbsp;Gisele Gus Manfro","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) increased extensively around the world during the pandemic, causing severe women's mental health damages. However, there are no studies showing these effects in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the perpetration of IPV and the presence of depression and suicidal ideation in women living in Brazil during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional online survey including women living in Brazil from July 2020 to Jun 2021. Participants answered a 43-item self-applied questionnaire exploring their characteristics and life changes due to the pandemic (CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey), IPV (World Health Organization Violence Against Women) and depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). We used multiple Poisson regression analyses with robust variance to model associations between IPV and mental health outcomes, considering as covariates aspects of social vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a high frequency of IPV (33.3%), depression (36.1%) and suicidal ideation (19.8%) among the participants. IPV was significantly associated with depression (PR=1.502, p=0.001 for one type of IPV; PR=2.702, p<0.001 for two or three types of IPV) and suicidal ideation (PR=2.264, p<0.001 for one type of VPI; PR=3.272, p<0.001 for two or three types of IPV). Food insecurity, being black, lower educational levels and being in a relationship with a person of the same gender were associated with one or both mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated an association of IPV with higher frequencies of depression and suicidal ideation in women living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgency of strengthening strategies to protect women during adversities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematic Trading: gambling-like behavior in day trading and cryptocurrency investing.","authors":"Thiago Henrique Roza,&nbsp;Hermano Tavares,&nbsp;Felix Henrique Paim Kessler,&nbsp;Ives Cavalcante Passos","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}