Conflict Security & Development最新文献

{"title":"Sensible localisation – local peace committees’ role in preventing violent and hateful extremism","authors":"Lilla Schumicky-Logan, Andre Alves Dos Reis","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2276103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2276103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFor the past two decades, international development agencies have supported establishing and developing Local Peace Committees (LPCs) in conflict-affected countries. These committees typically have two objectives. First, to serve as a local conflict resolution and decision-making mechanism in conflict arbitration at the community level. Second, to empower groups traditionally excluded from decision-making, such as minorities, marginalised youth, housewives, and female religious leaders. Although these two goals might facilitate preventing and countering violent and hateful extremism (PVHE), such a purpose was different from the specific objectives of the Local Peace Committees. Based on more than 30 interviews with members of Peace Committees, UN, local and international NGOs and secondary data, including data gathered through independent evaluations of programmes supported by the organisations the authors work for, the first section of this analysis evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of LPCs in Nigeria, Somalia and Mali, and their role in PVHE. In the second section of this article, the authors assess trends and make recommendations on ways to strengthen LPCs to increase their ability to contribute to PVHE over the long term.KEYWORDS: PVElocalisationlocal peace committeesrehabilitation and reintegrationrehabilitationreintegration Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. van Tongeren, ‘Potential Cornerstone of Infrastructures for Peace?’; Leonardsson and Rudd, ‘The “Local Turn” in Peacebuilding’.2. Odendaal, ‘An Architecture for Building Peace at the Local Level’; van Tongeren, ‘Potential Cornerstone of Infrastructures for Peace?’.3. ‘Why Is Community Engagement Important?’4. Nganje, ‘Local Peace Committees and Grassroots Peacebuilding’; Odendaal, ‘An Architecture for Building Peace at the Local Level’.5. Kumar, ‘Building National “Infrastructures for Peace”’; Alihodžić, ‘Electoral Violence Early Warning’.6. Sonrexa et al., ‘Perspectives on Violent Extremism from Development-Humanitarian NGO Staff’; Barton, Vergani, and Wahid, Countering Violent and Hateful Extremism in Indonesia.7. Rights for Peace, ‘Discrimination and Hate Speech Fuel Violence in Sudan’; Bishop et al., ‘Exploring Alternative Approaches to Hate Crimes’.8. Paffenholz, ‘Unpacking the Local Turn in Peacebuilding’; Paffenholz9. Ibid.10. Hameiri, ‘A Reality Check for the Critique of the Liberal Peace’.11. Hughes, Öjendal, and Schierenbeck, ‘The Struggle versus the Song’.12. Mac Ginty, ‘Hybrid Peace’.13. Richmond, ‘A Post-Liberal Peace’; Mac Ginty and Richmond, ‘The Local Turn in Peace Building’; Richmond and Mac Ginty, ‘Where Now for the Critique of the Liberal Peace?’.14. Van Leeuwen et al., ‘The “Local Turn” and Notions of Conflict and Peacebuilding’.15. Odendaal, ‘An Architecture for Building Peace at the Local Level’; Orjuela, ‘Countering Buddhist Radicalisation’; Lundqvist and Öjendal, ‘Atomised and Subordinated?’; Suu","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"2013 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating or exacerbating the root causes of violence?: critically analysing the role of USAID in terrorism prevention","authors":"Nicole Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2270434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2270434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn 2009, a USAID-commissioned report examined the social, economic, and personal contexts that have incited political violence, such as military intervention, economic deprivation, the denial of civil rights, and repeated foreign interference. Although the report acknowledges how these formative contexts give rise to violence, the psychologising language of extremism has led to USAID’s development of antiterrorism approaches aimed at interrupting the psychological, cultural, and theological pathologies perceived to be located within individual actors, rather than the material conditions that incite armed resistance. This article explores how the concept of terrorist radicalisation has informed antiterrorism programming undertaken by the development sector and has exacerbated, not mitigated, the root causes of political violence in Somalia and the Somali diaspora. Given these outcomes, I offer concluding thoughts on how we might recentre the material conditions in which violence circulates to consider alternative approaches to violence prevention efforts in the development sector.KEYWORDS: Political violencesecuritydevelopmentUSAID and violent extremismSomalia Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Denoeux and Carter, Drivers of Violent Extremism, 51.2. Ibid., 15, 16.3. Ibid., 16, n. 24.4. Ibid., 2.5. Silber and Bhatt, Radicalization in the West, 5.6. FBI, The Radicalization Process, 5.7. Denoeux and Carter, 15.8. Department of State & USAID, ‘Joint Strategy on Countering Violent Extremism’, 10.9. U.S. Embassy Mauritania, ‘New $7 Million Investment to Combat Violent Extremism’.10. See, for example, Mesok, ‘Counterinsurgency’, 721.11. McCauley and Moskalenko, ‘Understanding Political Radicalization’, 205.12. FBI, The Radicalization Process, 5.13. Ibid., 7.14. Ibid., 8.15. Ibid.16. Ibid.17. Ibid., 10.18. Ibid., 3.19. Silber and Bhatt, Radicalization in the West, 7.20. Ibid., 33.21. National Counterterrorism Center, Countering Violent Extremism, 19–22.22. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority et al., ‘Communities Acting to Refer and Engage’, 24.23. Silver et al., ‘A Study of the Pre-Attack Behaviours’, 16.24. Department of Homeland Security, ‘Public Awareness Bulletin’, 3.25. Borum, ‘Radicalization into Violent Extremism I’, 8.26. USAID, ‘East Africa, Kenya, and Somalia’, 3.27. See, for example, Kundnani, Countering Violent Extremism; Koushik, ‘Countering Violent Extremism’.28. Weine, ‘Building Community Resilience’, 81–89.29. Horgan, ‘Psychological Approaches to the Study of Terrorism’, 8.30. Ibid., 210, 220.31. Simi and Windisch, ‘Why Radicalization Fails’.32. Weine, ‘Building Community Resilience’, 85, 85–6.33. See, for example, Cherney et al., ‘The Push and Pull of Radicalization’.34. United States Agency for International Development, Development Response to Violent Extremism, 4–5.35. Stevan Weine et al., ‘Addressing Violent Extremism’, 7.36. Commission for Countering Extremism,","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing/countering violent and hateful extremism in Morocco and Tunisia – understanding the role of civil society and international assistance","authors":"Lydia Letsch","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2216151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2216151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn light of the growing threat of violent and hateful extremism in North Africa, the international donor community has recently shifted its focus of attention towards civil society organisations (CSOs) as an important ally in contemporary P/CVE efforts. This has resulted in a growing number of local and international NGOs implementing P/CVE-related projects in Tunisia and Morocco. However, the lack of comprehensive empirical research on local CSOs engagement in P/CVE-efforts complicates the assessment of scope and impact of these initiatives. Little attention has been devoted to the perspective of front-line workers and the ways global P/CVE-policies are being reproduced and challenged on the ground. This paper aims to contribute to a broader understanding of challenges employees of local and international NGOs face in implementing P/CVE in non-Western contexts. Drawing on peacebuilding and development literature, it focuses on the experiences and practices of these actors and their interplay with the international donor community. 30 in-depth narrative interviews with local practitioners and international experts root this paper in rich empirical data that was analysed using Grounded Theory methodology.KEYWORDS: Violent extremismP/CVEcivil societyMoroccoTunisia Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. see e.g. special issue of Third World Quarterly 2015; Mac Ginty and Richmond, ‘The Local Turn in Peace Building’.2. Mac Ginty, ‘Where is the local?’; Jabri, ‘Peacebuilding, the Local and the International’.3. Mac Ginty and Richmond, ‘The Local Turn in Peace Building’; Donais, ‘Peacebuilding and Local Ownership’.4. Paris, ‘Saving Liberal Peacebuilding’.5. Mac Ginty and Richmond, ‘The Local Turn in Peace Building’, 764.6. Nadarajah and Rampton, ‘The Limits of Hybridity and the Crisis of Liberal Peace’, 53.7. Banks et al., ‘NGOs, States, and Donors Revisited’, 709.8. Verkorken and van Leeuwen, ‘Civil Society in Peacebuilding’.9. Van Leeuwen, ‘Partners in Peace’.10. Kontinen and Millstein ‘Rethinking Civil Society in Development’, 73; MacGinty ‘The limits of technocracy and local encounters’, 2.11. Allison and Taylor, ‘ASEAN’s “people-oriented” aspirations’, 33.12. Sheperd, ‘Constructing Civil Society’, 904.13. Krause, ‘Transnational Civil Society Activism and International Security Politics’, 28.14. Meagher, ‘The Strength of Weak States?’15. Edwards, ‘Civil Society’.16. Kopecky and Mudde, ‘Uncivil Society?’17. Verkorken and van Leeuwen, ‘Civil Society in Peacebuilding’.18. Ibid., 164.19. Holmer, ‘Countering violent extremism’, 6.20. See e.g. Goodhand and Lewer, ‘Sri Lanka’; Aall, ‘What do NGOs Bring to Peacemaking?’; Ejdus et al., ‘Reclaiming the local in EU peacebuilding’.21. Ejdus et al., ‘Reclaiming the local in EU peacebuilding’; Kappler and Richmond, ‘Peacebuilding and Culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina’; Mac Ginty, ‘International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance’.22. Kappler and Richmon","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing the environment, security, and development nexus: intergovernmental and NGO programming during the climate crisis","authors":"Imogen Richards","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2211019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2211019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWhile patterns of non-state political violence in the Global South have for two decades been associated with the chronic and acute impacts of ecological-environmental stress, violent and hateful extremist actors in Northern states are less often recognised for exploiting political responses to climate change. This article argues that relationships of reciprocity and interdependence between disparate violent actors in the Global North and South pertain in part to their geographical divides, reflected in developmental histories and contemporary responses to climate change. To develop this argument, the article first extends a multidisciplinary literature review of critical perspectives on intergovernmental responses to the ‘environment-security-development’ nexus. Through a case study analysis, it then emphasises the structural, economic and environmental challenges associated with non-government organisational programming for violence prevention, accounting for ecological-environmental risks. It lastly presents an empirical research base on contemporary trends in political violence within Global North and South contexts pertaining to violent actors’ reception of histories of development and the natural environment.KEYWORDS: Environment-security-development nexuspolitical violencenon-government organisationclimate change Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. IPCC, ‘Climate Change 2021’.2. IPCC, ‘Climate Change 2022’.3. Migration Data Portal, Environmental Migration.4. IPCC, ‘Climate Change 2021’.5. Richards, ‘“Sustainable Development”’.6. Hickel et al., ‘National Responsibility for Ecological Breakdown’.7. Busby, ‘Taking Stock’.8. Warner and Boas, ‘Securitization of Climate Change’.9. Greater Manchester Preventing Hateful Extremism and Promoting Social Cohesion Commission, A Shared Future, 22.10. Mehta et al., ‘The New Politics and Geographies of Scarcity’.11. McDonald, ‘Discourses of Climate Security’.12. Murphy, ‘Dignity, Human Security and Global Governance’.13. Busby, ‘Taking Stock’.14. McDonald, ‘Discourses of Climate Security’; McDonald, ‘Climate Change and Security’.15. McDonald, ‘Climate Change and Security’.16. Mehta et al., ‘The New Politics and Geographies of Scarcity’.17. Thomas and Warner, ‘Weaponizing Vulnerability to Climate Change’.18. Szenes, ‘Weaponizing the Climate Crisis’.19. Richards, Neoliberalism and Neo-jihadism.20. Linke and Reuther, ‘Weather, Wheat, and War’.21. Asaka, ‘Climate Change-terrorism Nexus?’.22. IPI, ‘Rosand: UN Role in Preventing Violent Extremism’.23. Linke and Reuther, ‘Weather, Wheat and War’.24. Richards, Neoliberalism and Neo-jihadism.25. Detraz and Bestill, ‘Climate Change and Environmental Security’.26. Whyte, ‘The Crimes of Neo-liberal Rule in Occupied Iraq’.27. Weis and White, ‘A Marxist Perspective’.28. Hickel et al., ‘National Responsibility for Ecological Breakdown’.29. Ibid.30. Ibid.31. Busby, ‘Taking Stock’; see Van Baar, ‘Contained Mob","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The political lives of ex-militant leaders in Nigeria’s Niger Delta","authors":"T. M. Ebiede, A. Langer","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2226092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2226092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes the post-amnesty politics in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. We argue that ex-militant leaders have risen to become influential political and economic actors since the implementation of the Post Amnesty Programme (PAP) for armed groups in the Niger Delta. Our argument suggests that the rise of ex-militant leaders as ‘new big men’ in the Niger Delta is a direct – yet unintended – outcome of the design and implementation of the PAP. We explain how ex-militant leaders were co-opted economically through the award of lucrative security contracts. Our findings show that ex-militants gained more power in their communities as they were given control over the access to the PAP programme. Ex-militant leaders subsequently used their positions of economic influence and power to become and remain influential political actors as well, thereby fundamentally changing politics at the community as well as state-level in the Niger Delta Region. This article also seeks to build on theories of neopatrimonialism, especially how patronage politics manifest in the context of peacebuilding in societies emerging from armed conflicts.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"30 1","pages":"219 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89433732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the hidden state via everyday stateness in Timor-Leste","authors":"Minji Yoo","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2231872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2231872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to discover the sphere of the everyday state by identifying images and practices related to people’s community life in Timor-Leste. This study argues that previous research on the state, including Southeast Asian states, has been built on the power-oriented Weberian notion. Instead of focusing on the centralisation of power at the national level, this study proposes to discover the sphere of the everyday state by emphasising people’s daily experiences, particularly through an analysis of welfare, which is the moral dimension of the state. Based on Timor-Leste’s life in sucos, this study shows the everyday stateness of unveiling the relationship between state images and practices in village life. This study argues that narratives on rewards for ordeals during the Indonesian occupation and elites’ vision for prosperity illustrate what people expect from the state and images of the state at the everyday level. Furthermore, this study emphasises the activities of various public agencies to meet these expectations and indicates the significant role of village councils in managing the level of expectations.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"267 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental drivers of maritime insecurity: governance, enforcement and resilience in the western Indian Ocean","authors":"Robert McCabe","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2256251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2256251","url":null,"abstract":"Despite evidence of the interconnections between the environment, security, and development in a maritime context, and the acute impact this relationship has on the human security of coastal populations, they remain siloed policy areas and underrepresented in the academic literature. This article zooms in on the western Indian Ocean as an example of a region where environmental dynamics intersect with other stressors, such as poverty, disenfranchisement, and a limited maritime security capability, to drive and prolong criminal disorder and violence. After providing some regional context, I explore how climate change, marine environmental degradation, and resource exploitation are linked to occurrences of maritime insecurity by drawing on fisheries crime and piracy. Next, I critically analyse how regional states have built capacity to improve resilience against environmental factors that contribute to increasing maritime insecurity. I conceptualise this under three headings: environmental governance, enforcement and monitoring, and building resilience. This analysis reveals that despite increasing governance arrangements and a shift in the rhetoric towards regionalism, significant gaps remain in terms of physical, technical and human capacity.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil in MINUSTAH: exporting a domestic understanding of civil-military relations to a UN peace operation","authors":"Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, Charlotte Bascaule","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2216154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2216154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brazil led the military contingent of MINUSTAH during the 13 years of the mission and was also the largest contributor with troops for this mission. This paper argues that what has been described as the ‘Brazilian way’ of civil-military relations in that peacekeeping mission is illustrative of the Brazilian association between notions of security and development at home. The mandate for MINUSTAH is actually representative of Brazilian efforts to promote new paradigms in UN peacekeeping operations going beyond short missions in order to address the roots of the target country’s issues and ensure long-term progress. Nevertheless, if such discourse does hold merit in terms of the deeper approach to peacekeeping it encourages, this approach involves military actors beyond the security realm, into development activities, as visible during MINUSTAH. This paper describes the implications of uncoordinated military-led humanitarian initiatives and demonstrates that this security-development nexus, as it exists currently in Brazil and in the way it is exported by Brazil into peacekeeping operations like MINUSTAH, jeopardises the country’s capacity to build sustainable civilian institutions and mechanisms for longer-term recovery and development.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"77 1","pages":"153 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76317373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two sides of a coin? The security-development nexus in Brazilian diplomacy and military","authors":"Felipe Estre","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2201807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2201807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The military and diplomacy would be two sides of a coin, two means of following the national interest. Regarding the security-development nexus, that should not be different: soldiers and diplomats are subordinate to the governments to which they respond. This article aims to compare how the nexus is articulated by Brazilian diplomacy and armed forces in official speeches and documents. The main hypotheses are that (1) a great deal of congruence is to be expected, and (2) different audiences would require Foreign and Defence Ministries to shape the security-development nexus differently. To investigate these hypotheses, the article relies on combined content and discourse analysis. The results indicate that the security-development nexus is differently articulated by diplomacy and the military, depending on their audiences and objectives.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"199 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74322768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the security-development nexus in Brazil: the military as a modernising and nation-building actor?","authors":"Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, Raphael C. Lima","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2203094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2203094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the end of the Cold War, the topic of military role expansion has become commonplace in the literature. Military deployments in humanitarian crises, disaster relief, border patrol, policing, counterterrorism, stability operations, and state-building played a key role in new doctrine and organisational changes. Yet, this global trend towards role expansion met a very distinct context in Brazil. Despite transitioning from an authoritarian military rule, reducing military prerogatives in government, and rethinking military roles in society, this trend reinforced an embedded idea that the armed forces have a central and all-encompassing role in the state’s political, economic, and social development. This worldview derives from a Brazilian historical process of merging security and development that rose far before the discussions on the security-development nexus in the literature by the late 2000s. That said, the aim of this article is to discuss how historical political and military practices built a security-development nexus avant la lettre, in which the military played a key role. We intend to demonstrate how Brazil placed the military as a key development actor and how this process, over time, led to consequences for civil-military relations, public policies, and democracy","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"2 1","pages":"105 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85906425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}