International Journal of Protective Structures最新文献

Investigating the significance of non-ideal effects in large-scale blast propagation 研究非理想效应在大规模爆炸传播中的意义

IF 2.1

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241271449

Laura Cannon, Alexander Rogers, Chris Taggart

引用次数: 0

A high explosive blast simulator 高能炸药爆炸模拟器

IF 2.1

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241264886

Jonas Rudshaug, Tormod Grue, B. S. Elveli

引用次数: 0

Pounding response of concrete rods with rough impacting surfaces 冲击表面粗糙的混凝土棒的冲击响应

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/20414196231166017

V. Feldgun, D. Yankelevsky, Y. Karinski

{"title":"Pounding response of concrete rods with rough impacting surfaces","authors":"V. Feldgun, D. Yankelevsky, Y. Karinski","doi":"10.1177/20414196231166017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196231166017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents theoretical research that is supported by experimental data, aiming at investigating and explaining unexpected experimental results that were obtained on low velocity pounding response of adjacent concrete rods. The experimental results indicate inelastic response expressed by the post-impact relative velocity and coefficient of restitution that is smaller than one, although elastic response is expected. This research conjectures that the inspected response is due to the roughness of the impacting surfaces. A theoretical analytical and a following numerical investigation examined the behavior of the surface roughness represented by small size asperities in an idealized model. Analysis of the asperity behavior clarified its inelastic behavior that affects major parameters on the response. An integrated parameter has been identified, which includes major parameters of the asperity affecting the dynamic behavior and helping to relate the geometrical parameters of an asperity with the measured pounding data. It was found that asperities may explain the energy absorption during low velocity pounding. This explains the lower coefficient of restitution than expected even at low velocity pounding. An effective and simple analytical approach is developed to simulate the rods collision with an idealized surface asperity and demonstrates the role of the asperities on a realistic simulation of the experimental result.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Airblast observations and near-field modeling of the large surface explosion coupling experiment 大型地表爆炸耦合实验的气爆观测和近场建模

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241251482

Oleg Vorobiev, Sean Ford

{"title":"Airblast observations and near-field modeling of the large surface explosion coupling experiment","authors":"Oleg Vorobiev, Sean Ford","doi":"10.1177/20414196241251482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241251482","url":null,"abstract":"Seismoacoustic wave generation for two consecutive surface chemical explosions of the same yield (approximately 1 ton TNT-equivalent) was studied during the Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment (LSECE) conducted at Yucca Flat on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) site in alluvium geology. We have performed numerical simulations for both chemical explosions to investigate how the non-central source initiation, site topography and soil mechanical properties affect the evolution of the explosion (fireball and cloud), its crater, and variations in the generated blast waves. The results can be used to improve the understanding of surface explosions and their effects and how those effects can be used to infer source information such as explosive yield and emplacement. We find that the non-central detonation of the explosive cube results in non-axisymmetric blast overpressures which persist through the strong and weak shock regimes, in this case out to 200 m and more. The pattern of the secondary shock (i.e., shock created due to slowing explosive products within the expanding fireball) is also affected and its arrival relative to the main shock and may be indicative of explosive type due to its dependence on the explosive products ratio of heats. Small reflections are visible within the overpressure signal that are most probably due to small artifacts in blast path. Importantly, the fireball growth, cavity generation, and cloud formation also depart from spherical and ideal approximations due to ground interactions and material dependence, which shows the importance of realistic geomaterial models for accurate prediction. The asymmetry in peak overpressure is diminished for the second chemical explosion, which was placed in the crater of the first. Numerical modeling shows that the explosive jetting created by the non-central detonation is reduced upon interaction with the crater walls and this has the effect of making the blast generation more axisymmetric.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a fast-running method for prediction of blast propagation in partially confined spaces 开发用于预测部分封闭空间爆炸传播的快速运行方法

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241252937

Hwee Kiat Yeo, Swee Hong Tan

{"title":"Development of a fast-running method for prediction of blast propagation in partially confined spaces","authors":"Hwee Kiat Yeo, Swee Hong Tan","doi":"10.1177/20414196241252937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241252937","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, a series of findings from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of blast propagation within fully confined spaces are presented. These numerical works have been carried out as part of an ongoing in-house development towards a fast-running method to predict overpressures and impulses arising from detonations within the various configurations of carparks in Singapore. In land-scarce cities like Singapore, carparks are typically located within the same structural footprints and are integrated with other functions of the building to facilitate convenient access. Design of carparks are required to meet statutory provisions with regards to the layout, headroom clearance and safety. To this end, the present research study has adopted a three-stage approach. First, different representative configurations of carparks are determined by making reference to and rationalising based on the prevailing statutory provisions in Singapore. This is then followed by a series of parametric CFD simulations to obtain essential numerical data in order to characterise the blast propagation within the respective partially confined spaces. Finally, several regression models are employed to derive relationships between the critical parameters and the blast data, with the aim of achieving a fast-running predictive method. This paper seeks to provide detailed descriptions of the first and the second stages, as well as to present the comparisons of numerically converged solutions, which are obtained from preliminary CFD simulations using two mesh sizes, against semi-analytical solutions which are calculated based on guidance from UFC 3-340-02 for fully confined detonation as initial reference cases.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vibration reduction effect of retaining pile structure under the action of damping hole—A case study 阻尼孔作用下挡土桩结构的减振效果--案例研究

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241246285

Yingbo Ren, Nan Jiang, Chuan-bo Zhou, Yingkang Yao, Guopeng Lyu

{"title":"Vibration reduction effect of retaining pile structure under the action of damping hole—A case study","authors":"Yingbo Ren, Nan Jiang, Chuan-bo Zhou, Yingkang Yao, Guopeng Lyu","doi":"10.1177/20414196241246285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241246285","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of mitigating the impact of blasting-induced seismic waves on excavation processes and reducing the vibrational load on retaining pile structures, this study examines the influence of predetermined damping hole parameters on the damping effect. It also evaluates the protective efficacy of damping holes on retaining pile structures. Leveraging the foundation pit project at the Julong Avenue Station of Wuhan Metro Line 7 as a reference, on-site blasting construction was monitored to obtain vibration velocities at the top of the retaining pile structure. A numerical calculation model for blasting in the foundation pit was established using LS-DYNA software, and its reliability was verified through the integration of on-site monitoring data at the top of the retaining pile. Multiple damping hole excavation schemes were devised, and their effects on the damping effectiveness were analyzed with respect to various parameters. Safety criteria for the stability of the retaining pile structure were proposed based on the ultimate tensile stress criterion, ultimate shear stress criterion, and Mohr’s criterion. Under the optimized scheme, the dynamic response characteristics of the retaining pile structure were analyzed, and the practical application effects on-site were observed. The research findings indicate that the depth, spacing, and number of damping holes have a significant impact on the damping effect. The safety criterion for the vibrational velocity of the retaining pile structure during blasting is determined to be 26.10 cm/s. Under the optimized scheme, the vibrational velocities at various monitoring points on the retaining pile structure all fall within the safe range, with a maximum reduction rate of 30.9%.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ballistic resistance analysis of hard ceramic combined with aluminum foam sandwich constructions 硬陶瓷与铝泡沫夹层结构的抗弹性分析

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241245126

A. Pratomo, Zaka Ruhma, Wawan Rukmono, Martijanti Martijanti, Sutarno Sutarno, K. Tse

{"title":"Ballistic resistance analysis of hard ceramic combined with aluminum foam sandwich constructions","authors":"A. Pratomo, Zaka Ruhma, Wawan Rukmono, Martijanti Martijanti, Sutarno Sutarno, K. Tse","doi":"10.1177/20414196241245126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241245126","url":null,"abstract":"A ballistic resistance of hard ceramic combined with aluminum foam sandwich (CAFS) constructions was investigated in this paper. This combination plate is constructed by a front faceplate (FFP), ceramic plates, an aluminum foam (Al-foam) panel, and a rear faceplate (RFP). The material used for the FFP and RFP was heat-treated mild steel with the thicknesses are 5 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. The ceramic materials to be evaluated are B4C, SiC, and Al2O3. Al-foams were fabricated by varying the stabilizer weight ratio of MgO and Al2O3. The Al-foams have a porosity of 79.93%–82.57%, a pore diameter of 2.51–2.82 mm, the relative density of 0.17–0.24, and plateau stress of 3.88–6.63 MPa. Ballistic tests were carried out only for aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) construction without ceramics to evaluate the manufacturing effect and to obtain a baseline ballistic plate to be improved. Ballistic tests are conducted by using 5.56 × 45 mm bullet with 50 m shooting range and bullet speed of 929–958 m/s. To validate the damage mode and energy absorption capability of the AFS, a numerical model is constructed. The numerical studies were conducted to investigate the damage mode and energy absorption capabilities of each part. The simulation has a good agreement with the experiment result on the damage mode. This model then to be used to study the effect of the additional hard ceramic layer. An interaction between hard ceramic and AFS is also investigated to get a new insight of the energy absorption mechanism during bullet penetration. A new finding shows that ceramic presses the Al-foam to solidify so that it can increase the energy absorbed by the Al-foam. The ceramic is impacted by a bullet pushing the Al-foam so that it undergoes solidification which leads to increasing absorbed energy.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress wave attenuation in ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete during ballistic impact 超高性能纤维增强混凝土在弹道冲击中的应力波衰减

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241246289

Nabodyuti Das, Bhaskar Ramagiri, Prakash Nanthagopalan

{"title":"Stress wave attenuation in ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete during ballistic impact","authors":"Nabodyuti Das, Bhaskar Ramagiri, Prakash Nanthagopalan","doi":"10.1177/20414196241246289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241246289","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on material properties and boundary conditions, various waves propagate within the target, during an impact event. Stress wave attenuation during ballistic impact can be expressed in strain profiles regarding time and distance from the impact point. The design of a ballistic-resistant structure thus depends on the stress wave attenuation. This present study focused on stress wave attenuation under projectile impact in ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). 3 mm strain gauges were found suitable for such measurements. Two different types (steel fibres) of UHPFRC (Single fibre (S2): 2 % of 6 mm steel fibre and Hybrid fibre combination (S0.5L1.5): 0.5 % of 6 mm + 1.5 % of 13 mm steel fibres) were used for investigation. During the ballistic impact event, strain profiles at specific distances from the point of impact on both the front and rear surfaces of UHPFRC targets were recorded. The scabbing damage due to tension was captured and analysed in this study through stress wave attenuation. The impact performance of hybrid (Short and Long fibres) S0.5L1.5 UHPFRC combinations was much better than S2 (only short fibres) UHPFRC targets. The hybrid steel fibre UHPFRC also shows higher strain attenuation (than short fibre based UHPFRC) in the range of 10-30 µε/mm. It was concluded that the efficiently designed ballistic-resistant UHPFRC should have higher wave attenuation, implying the concrete has enhanced capacity to absorb and localise energy, thereby mitigating the extent of damage inflicted upon the overall concrete slab.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of approach shape of debris flow on impact load to open Sabo dam in experiment 泥石流接近形状对试验中开放式萨博大坝冲击负荷的影响

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241245124

T. Horiguchi, Yuta Miyahara, Yoshiharu Komatsu

引用次数: 0

Prediction of direct shear failure in blast-loaded reinforced concrete members 爆破加载钢筋混凝土构件的直接剪切破坏预测

IF 2

International Journal of Protective Structures Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/20414196241245125

Ravi Mudragada, Pradeep Bhargava

{"title":"Prediction of direct shear failure in blast-loaded reinforced concrete members","authors":"Ravi Mudragada, Pradeep Bhargava","doi":"10.1177/20414196241245125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241245125","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of direct shear failure in structural members during the early phases of blast loading prior to the development of appreciable curvature can lead to sudden and catastrophic consequences for protected facilities exposed to near-field and/or close-in blasts. Thus, accurately predicting direct shear failure in structural members subjected to blast loads is crucial. Consequently, this paper presents a novel 3-D finite element (FE)-based cohesive interface modeling approach capable of capturing the shear slip near the supports and accurately predicting direct shear failure in blast-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) members. The validity of the proposed numerical model is established with experimental data. Three distinct blast load cases varying from distant to close-in are applied to verify the applicability and highlight the novelty of the proposed model. Results show that direct shear failure is inherently captured within the modeling framework of the proposed cohesive interface models, eliminating the need for externally adopted damage criteria seen in existing 3-D FE-based continuum models. Further, the effectiveness of the cohesive interface model in the accurate blast damage assessment of structural members is manifested by using pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams.","PeriodicalId":46272,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Protective Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0