Public Health Action最新文献_第4页

Compliance with intermittent preventive malaria treatment in pregnancy at a tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. 在塞拉利昂一家三级医院接受孕期间断性预防疟疾治疗的情况。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0049

W K Lahai, A O Vandy, K C Prajitha, B D Fofanah, E M Kamau, H Owusu, J S Squire, H A Barrie, I F Kamara, A M Falama, N Sesay, A R Y Kamara, F Kanu, M S Kanu, M M Kamara, M A Sesay, J A Koroma, F Moses, S Lakoh, S Kenneh, L F Grant

{"title":"Compliance with intermittent preventive malaria treatment in pregnancy at a tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone.","authors":"W K Lahai, A O Vandy, K C Prajitha, B D Fofanah, E M Kamau, H Owusu, J S Squire, H A Barrie, I F Kamara, A M Falama, N Sesay, A R Y Kamara, F Kanu, M S Kanu, M M Kamara, M A Sesay, J A Koroma, F Moses, S Lakoh, S Kenneh, L F Grant","doi":"10.5588/pha.25.0049","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.25.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe receipt of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) doses, assess compliance with the recommended minimum of three IPTp doses, and identify factors associated with non-compliance among antenatal care attendees. This was a non-concurrent cohort study using routinely collected hospital data in 2024 at the Princess Christian Maternity Hospital, a university-affiliated tertiary teaching hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone.Results: Among the 733 pregnant antenatal care attendees, 682 (93%) registered after the first trimester, and only 30 (4%) had ≥4 antenatal contacts. Of the 733, 406 (55%) received first dose and only 62 (8%) received three doses. The maximum number of doses received was six by a single woman. In adjusted analysis, women with less than four antenatal contacts had three times higher risk of non-compliance (adjusted relative risk: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.6-4.5) compared with those with ≥4 contacts. Receipt of IPTp doses and compliance with the recommended minimum of three doses were low and were associated with fewer antenatal care contacts.Conclusion: Our findings underscore the need to understand the reasons for the gaps in treatment and to address them systematically. Strategies to increase the number of antenatal care contacts may improve compliance with the recommended minimum three doses.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parenteral artesunate compliance and hospital outcomes in children under five with suspected severe malaria in Sierra Leone. 塞拉利昂疑似患有严重疟疾的五岁以下儿童的静脉注射青蒿素依从性和住院结果

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0047

A R Y Kamara, I F Kamara, P Thekkur, A M Falama, M Sillah-Kanu, W K Lahai, O O Fiona, A George, B D Fofanah, N Sesay, S M Tengbe, L Farma-Grant, A Bah, F Thomas, Y S Tejan, J S Kanu, S Lakoh, M Mustapha, R Zachariah, K Chandrasekharan Prathija, S M Kenneh

{"title":"Parenteral artesunate compliance and hospital outcomes in children under five with suspected severe malaria in Sierra Leone.","authors":"A R Y Kamara, I F Kamara, P Thekkur, A M Falama, M Sillah-Kanu, W K Lahai, O O Fiona, A George, B D Fofanah, N Sesay, S M Tengbe, L Farma-Grant, A Bah, F Thomas, Y S Tejan, J S Kanu, S Lakoh, M Mustapha, R Zachariah, K Chandrasekharan Prathija, S M Kenneh","doi":"10.5588/pha.25.0047","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.25.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess compliance with national malaria guidelines for confirmatory diagnosis and parenteral artesunate administration, and to evaluate hospital exit outcomes among children under five admitted with suspected severe malaria.Design: A cohort study utilising routinely collected data in Ola During Children's Hospital, a tertiary paediatric hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from January to December 2024.Results: Of 735 admitted children (55% male), 657 (89%) underwent rapid diagnostic tests, but none had microscopic confirmation. A total of 650 (88%) received all three recommended doses of parenteral artesunate at 0, 12, and 24 h. Among the remaining 85 children, 48 (56%) received one or two doses, and 37 received none. Two children died before completion of 24-h dosing schedule. Correct weight-based dosing and scheduling were administered in 420 children (parenteral artesunate compliance = 57% [420/733]). Among admissions, 642 (87%) were discharged and 73 (10%) had unfavourable hospital exit outcomes, including 59 deaths, 13 discharged against medical advice, and 1 absconded. Underweight status, multiple convulsions, and failure to receive correct artesunate dosing were associated with unfavourable hospital exit outcomes.Conclusion: Compliance with recommended parenteral artesunate dosing was suboptimal, potentially contributing to unfavourable hospital outcomes. Strengthened monitoring, mentorship, and enforcement of malaria management guidelines are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From fellows to leaders: lessons learned from the WHO/TDR Clinical Research and Development Fellowship (1999-2021). 从研究员到领导者：从世卫组织/热带病研究和发展研究金（1999-2021年）获得的经验教训。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0010

M Vahedi, D G Assefa, N Casamitjana, P Launois

{"title":"From fellows to leaders: lessons learned from the WHO/TDR Clinical Research and Development Fellowship (1999-2021).","authors":"M Vahedi, D G Assefa, N Casamitjana, P Launois","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0010","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Strengthening research leadership in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is essential for addressing diseases of poverty. Since 1999, World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) has supported this through the Clinical Research and Development Fellowship (CRDF), but evidence on its long-term impact remains limited. We therefore assessed the leadership trajectories of CRDF fellows trained between 1999 and 2021.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of CRDF alumni (1999-2021) used a structured questionnaire capturing career progression, productivity, leadership roles, collaborations, institutional contributions, and challenges.Results: Of 116 fellows contacted, 88 responded (75.8%). More than half had secured competitive funding (55.7%), with a median grant value of USD 512,320 (interquartile range: 111,629-1,200,000; range: USD 700-70,000,000), including multiple national and international awards. Career advancement was notable: 43.2% served as principal investigators and nearly 80% supervised research staff. Many led developments of infrastructure and operating procedures (63.6%). Re-entry grants strengthened institutional capacity for respondents. Collaborations were sustained nationally (77.3%) and through South-South partnerships (71.6%). Almost all fellows (98.9%) continued applying TDR-acquired leadership skills. One third contributed to policy documents. Persistent barriers included difficulty accessing funding, limited institutional support, scarce national funding, and heavy workloads.Conclusion: CRDF alumni reported substantial engagement in research leadership, scientific productivity, and institutional capacity strengthening in LMICs.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis preventive therapy in Sierra Leone: early implementation gaps and lessons learned. 塞拉利昂的结核病预防治疗：早期实施差距和经验教训。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0005

L Farma-Grant, J S Kanu, B Molleh, I F Kamara, A R Y Kamara, N Sesay, W K Lahai, B Fofanah, M-A Falama, O K Offe Amponsah, M Mahmoud, D S Grant, Y Siatty, R Zachariah, J Koroma, M Mustapha, T Sesay, S Kenneh

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive assessment of adults severely ill with TB referred after triage in Tamil Nadu, India. 对印度泰米尔纳德邦分诊后转诊的严重结核病成人进行综合评估。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0059

V Rajan, H D Shewade, A Frederick, S Shanmugasundaram, A Jeyakumar, R Vijayaprabha, K Gayathri, K Rambha, J M Melfha, D Kabir, R Srinivasan, R Sabarinathan

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and challenges of DOT in multidrug-resistant TB: a 12-year retrospective study. DOT治疗耐多药结核病的有效性和挑战：一项12年回顾性研究。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0057

S Jabeen, S Memon, F Rashid, N Ahmed, M N Khan, S M Qadir, M Akram, N Ahmed, A W Khan, Y Fu, F Zhang

{"title":"Effectiveness and challenges of DOT in multidrug-resistant TB: a 12-year retrospective study.","authors":"S Jabeen, S Memon, F Rashid, N Ahmed, M N Khan, S M Qadir, M Akram, N Ahmed, A W Khan, Y Fu, F Zhang","doi":"10.5588/pha.25.0057","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.25.0057","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: TB remains a major public health problem in Pakistan, a high-burden country with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) is widely used to improve treatment adherence; however, provincial-level evaluations remain limited, particularly in Sindh.Objective: To assess the effectiveness, outcomes, and challenges of DOT in Sindh Province over a 12-year period. A retrospective observational study was conducted including all patients enrolled in the National DOT Programme in Sindh from 2010 to 2022. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated.Results: Pulmonary MDR-TB was highly prevalent among individuals aged 16-35 years. Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) accounted for 6.32% of cases and pan drug-resistant TB (PDR-TB) for 0.32%. Before enrolling into DOT, most patients (48.35%) had treatment outcomes that were not evaluated or had failed treatment (38.45%) in their previous non-DOT therapy. DOT achieved cure rates of 68% for long-term regimens and 75% for short-term regimens, with timely sputum conversion.Conclusion: DOT was effective for managing MDR-TB; however, high MDR-TB prevalence, delayed diagnosis, treatment-related side effects, and patient loss to follow-up emphasise the need for strengthened early detection, adherence support, and monitoring strategies to improve treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping malaria hotspots through spatial and spatio-temporal analysis in Sierra Leone, 2021-2024. 通过时空分析绘制塞拉利昂2021-2024年疟疾热点分布图

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0048

A M Falama, O Omoniwa, M S Kanu, W K Lahai, A R Y Kamara, G Ameh, I F Kamara, B D Fofanah, S Kenneh, M N Kamara, M A Sesay, N Sesay, F Kanu, A A Alwani, P Thekkur, R Zachariah, M S Kanu, S Lakoh

{"title":"Mapping malaria hotspots through spatial and spatio-temporal analysis in Sierra Leone, 2021-2024.","authors":"A M Falama, O Omoniwa, M S Kanu, W K Lahai, A R Y Kamara, G Ameh, I F Kamara, B D Fofanah, S Kenneh, M N Kamara, M A Sesay, N Sesay, F Kanu, A A Alwani, P Thekkur, R Zachariah, M S Kanu, S Lakoh","doi":"10.5588/pha.25.0048","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.25.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Sierra Leone, using data from the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) database.Objective: This study examined the spatial and spatio-temporal distribution of malaria incidence, and the relationship between malaria incidence and rainfall in surrounding areas in Sierra Leone from 2021 to 2024.Method: A cross-sectional geospatial study was conducted using malaria case data, mean rainfall data, population estimates, and chiefdom-level geographic coordinates. Spatial clustering was evaluated using Moran's I, significant district-level clusters were identified through space-time Poisson models (α = 0.05; 999 permutations), and the relationship between malaria incidence and rainfall in surrounding areas was assessed using bivariate Moran's I, implemented in Python.Results: Between 2021 and 2024, 7.4 million malaria cases were reported. Chiefdom-level incidence ranged from 21.2 to >750 per 1,000 population. Significant spatial clustering was observed (Moran's I > 0; P < 0.01). Persistent high-high clusters (P < 0.05) and low-low clusters (P < 0.05) were identified across the country. Space-time analysis identified both high-risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.2-1.9; P < 0.01) and low-risk districts (RR = 0.5-0.9; P < 0.01). There was no significant association between malaria incidence and rainfall in surrounding areas at the national level.Conclusion: Malaria transmission remains spatially and temporally heterogeneous, with persistent hotspots that require tailored subnational interventions to accelerate progress towards elimination.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hybrid intensive care unit in a resource-constrained cancer hospital in northeast India. 印度东北部一家资源有限的癌症医院的混合重症监护病房。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0009

A Kesha, R S Tayshetye, P Mukherjee, H D Shewade, M Das, M B Lokesh, S G S Kumar, D Raman, R Kannan

{"title":"A hybrid intensive care unit in a resource-constrained cancer hospital in northeast India.","authors":"A Kesha, R S Tayshetye, P Mukherjee, H D Shewade, M Das, M B Lokesh, S G S Kumar, D Raman, R Kannan","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0009","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To compensate for the non-availability of intensive care specialists, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained setting, northeast India) introduced a hybrid intensive care unit (ICU with a centralised monitoring model).Methods: This was a cohort study involving secondary data for patients admitted with curative intent in the hybrid ICU (October 2021 to December 2022). We report on our early implementation experience in the form of patient management and outcome indicators.Results: There were 909 admissions with curative intent, of which 73% were post-surgical. There were 238 admissions from October 2021 to March 2022, which increased to 671 from April to December 2022 (the period when effective implementation happened). The changes (unadjusted P value) in management and outcome indicators over these periods were ventilator use, 8%-12% (P = 0.128); death during admission, 7%-6% (P = 0.575); readmission within 3 months, 21%-25% (P = 0.309); and median length of stay, 1-2 days (P = 0.035).Conclusion: Despite an increase in admissions following the introduction of the hybrid ICU, it did not adversely impact management and outcome indicators. Post-ICU hospital care, patient caregiver education, and home care team engagement should be strengthened to decrease readmissions.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global patterns and cause composition of adolescent acute respiratory failure-related mortality, 1990-2023. 1990-2023年青少年急性呼吸衰竭相关死亡率的全球模式和原因构成

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0006

Y J Han

{"title":"Global patterns and cause composition of adolescent acute respiratory failure-related mortality, 1990-2023.","authors":"Y J Han","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0006","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome that often reflects limitations in timely access to emergency and critical respiratory care. Among adolescents, severe respiratory illness remains an important but poorly characterised contributor to preventable mortality.Objective: To describe long-term global trends and cause composition of adolescent ARF-related mortality, and assess changes associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This was a descriptive analysis using a syndrome-based proxy derived from Global Burden of Disease 2023 cause-of-death estimates from 1990 to 2023.Results: Between 1990 and 2019, global adolescent ARF proxy deaths declined modestly, followed by a sharp increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, peaking in 2021. Before 2020, lower respiratory infections accounted for over 85% of ARF proxy mortality, with a stable cause composition. During 2020-2021, COVID-19 emerged as a major contributor, accounting for nearly half of ARF proxy deaths at its peak. By 2023, total ARF proxy mortality and cause structure returned toward pre-pandemic patterns.Conclusion: Adolescent ARF-related mortality has declined modestly over three decades and shows a stable underlying structure re-emerging after the COVID-19 shock. These findings highlight persistent health-system vulnerabilities in delivering timely acute respiratory care for adolescents and support the need to strengthen emergency and critical care services alongside prevention.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 2","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rifampicin-resistant TB in paediatrics: a patient series from a secondary health facility in Northern Malawi. 儿科耐利福平结核病：马拉维北部一家二级卫生机构的患者系列。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-05-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0055

S Chitsulo, D Omotayo, J Furin, Y Saidi, M Chisale, B Mbakaya, F Sinyiza, T Mwenyenkulu

引用次数: 0