Public Health Action最新文献_第3页

Why do cancer patients die? A decade of experience on trends, profile, causes, and timing of deaths in India. 癌症患者为什么会死亡？关于印度死亡趋势、概况、原因和时间的十年经验。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0040

A Doshi, A A Alwani, S Cyriac, A Philip, A Joy, J Jose, M Ramachandran, K Ajith, A D Harries, A Seshachalam

{"title":"Why do cancer patients die? A decade of experience on trends, profile, causes, and timing of deaths in India.","authors":"A Doshi, A A Alwani, S Cyriac, A Philip, A Joy, J Jose, M Ramachandran, K Ajith, A D Harries, A Seshachalam","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.26.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Medical oncology department in a tertiary care hospital, South India.Objective: To evaluate trends, profile, causes, and timing of inpatient deaths among cancer patients between 2016 and 2025.Design: A cohort study using secondary data from electronic medical records.Results: There were 474 inpatient deaths. Despite an 11-fold increase in annual admissions (119 to 1,355), inpatient mortality rates remained relatively stable (range 4%-10%). Mean age at death was 63 years (+12), 64% were male, 73% had metastases, and 84% had poor performance status. Most patients (78%) were emergency admissions, 41% utilised palliative care services, and 75% consented to no end-of-life support. Leading immediate causes of death were cancer progression (57%), organ failure (21%), and sepsis (15%), and the leading underlying cause of death was cancer progression (83%). Median time from admission to death was 5 days (interquartile range: 2-10). Admission for treatment-related complications (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 10.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-32.3) and no consent for end-of-life support (aRR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-6.0) predicted treatment-related deaths, while recent systemic therapy (aRR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.97) protected against early death.Conclusion: Cancer progression predominates as the cause of inpatient mortality. Despite increasing admissions over 10 years, inpatient mortality rates remained stable. Nevertheless, preventing treatment-related deaths and integrating palliative care early remain critical quality-of-care priorities.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among nursing students in Cameroon: a mixed-methods study. 喀麦隆护理专业学生乙肝疫苗接种情况：一项混合方法研究

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0049

R Fandie, J L Ngo Likeng, S R Douanla, J Noeske

{"title":"Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among nursing students in Cameroon: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"R Fandie, J L Ngo Likeng, S R Douanla, J Noeske","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0049","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Three purposively identified nursing education institutions (Ayos, EITMS/GS, and the Virginia Henderson Foundation) in the Centre Region of Cameroon.Objective: To evaluate the psychological, socio-cognitive, economic, and institutional factors associated with hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine uptake among nursing students.Design: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2025. Quantitative data (n = 325) were collected via self-administered electronic surveys, supplemented by qualitative focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS. Qualitative themes were synthesised via a hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis, using QCAmap.Results: HBV vaccination was critically low at 29.54%, with only 50.04% of those vaccinated completing the full three-dose series. Multivariate analysis identified female gender, age, advanced study level, a solid knowledge level, high perceived self-efficacy, low vaccine-related anxiety, and encouragement from the educational institution as significant predictors of uptake. Qualitative findings highlighted as primary barriers: prohibitive costs, inadequate information, weak institutional mandates, and traditional prejudices.Conclusion: Immunisation rates among high-risk nursing students are alarmingly insufficient. To mitigate occupational risk, public health policy should mandate HBV vaccination at school matriculation and implement subsidies to facilitate economic access together with systematic sensitisation.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the acceptability and usability of an integrated HIV-TB digital portal at anti-retroviral therapy centres in Odisha, India. 评估印度奥里萨邦抗逆转录病毒治疗中心艾滋病毒-结核病综合数字门户的可接受性和可用性。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0019

A Patnaik, T Bhatnagar, M Das, A K Singh, N Mishra, D S Arvind, P K Siya, A Pradhan, P Kumar, B Patnaik, S K Panda, S Sahu, H Das, S Pattanayak

{"title":"Assessment of the acceptability and usability of an integrated HIV-TB digital portal at anti-retroviral therapy centres in Odisha, India.","authors":"A Patnaik, T Bhatnagar, M Das, A K Singh, N Mishra, D S Arvind, P K Siya, A Pradhan, P Kumar, B Patnaik, S K Panda, S Sahu, H Das, S Pattanayak","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0019","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, health-facility staff at anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centres enter the tuberculosis (TB) status of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ni-kshay (a TB programme portal) and additionally in an AIDS control programme digital portal, Strengthening Overall Care for HIV Beneficiaries (SOCH).Objective: To determine acceptability and usability of SOCH among health-facility staff for entering TB status of PLHIV in ART centres of Odisha, an Eastern Indian state.Design: We performed a cross-sectional study from June 2025 to January 2026 in 17 ART centres of Odisha. Acceptability was assessed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and usability with the System Usability Scale (SUS).Results: Among 33 staff, median (interquartile range [IQR]) individual scores for four constructs (maximum score: 20) ranged between 15 (14-16) and 16 (12-17). Overall median (IQR) SUS score was 42.5 (31.2-57.5). Lack of training, technical faults, and entering same information in SOCH and Ni-kshay portals were reported as reasons for inadequate usage.Conclusion: In Odisha, SOCH was acceptable, albeit with low usability. Periodic training of staff, technical audit of SOCH, and enabling interoperability between HIV and TB portals may improve reporting of HIV-TB care cascade.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mentorship for research on TB in India: a course on Public Health Implementation Strengthening and Operational Research (MPHISOR). 为印度结核病研究提供指导：关于加强公共卫生实施和业务研究的课程。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.25.0059

H D Shewade, P Manickam, T Bhatnagar, K Shringarpure, M Das, S Kalaiselvi, D Nair, J M Melfha, M Verma, K M Akshaya, S K Mattoo, M V Murhekar

引用次数: 0

Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis to identify key non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. 全转录组测序分析鉴定肺结核发病机制中的关键非编码rna。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0020

M-B Liu, Y-L Guo, D-J Wu, Q-Q Ma, T Jiang, M Lin

{"title":"Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis to identify key non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"M-B Liu, Y-L Guo, D-J Wu, Q-Q Ma, T Jiang, M Lin","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0020","DOIUrl":"10.5588/pha.26.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to play essential roles in various human diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to investigate differentially expressed ncRNAs, explore their potential biological functions, and determine whether they can serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TB.Methods: Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on blood samples from TB patients and healthy controls (n = 3 per group). Differentially expressed mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and hub genes were identified via protein-protein interaction network analysis using Cytoscape.Results: A total of 507 differentially expressed mRNAs, 107 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 253 differentially expressed circRNAs, and 38 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Functional enrichment revealed involvement in pathways related to cellular processes, mTOR signalling, and endocytosis. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed, and hub mRNAs including RACK1, EIF3G, and RPS15 were identified.Conclusion: It is suggested that differentially expressed ncRNAs may play a role in the pathogenesis of TB. The circRNA (hsa_circ_0003340) and the hub mRNA (RACK1) are potential candidates for further exploration as biomarkers for TB infection. Moreover, the ceRNA network constructed in this study may provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of TB.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment outcomes of individuals with tuberculosis identified from mobile chest X-ray-based active case finding in Pakistan. 巴基斯坦基于移动胸部x线的活动性病例发现确定的结核病患者的治疗结果

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0030

S M A Zaidi, K C Horton, H Esmail

引用次数: 0

Operational research leading to state-level policy change in tuberculosis undernutrition in Chhattisgarh, India. 业务研究导致印度恰蒂斯加尔邦结核病营养不良的邦一级政策变化。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0016

C Malik, V Gupta, K Shringarpure, H A Gupte, V R Keshri, M Damani, N N Shah, K Sonwani, P Nanda, A Sharma, S K Mattoo, H D Shewade

引用次数: 0

Enhancing parenteral therapy for anaemia among pregnant women in rural India. 加强印度农村孕妇贫血的肠外治疗。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0041

P Kotni, G Ramaswamy, S Cheela, S Patil, P Chinnakali, J P Tripathy, M Khandale, D Kamban, C Konguvel, M Manohar

{"title":"Enhancing parenteral therapy for anaemia among pregnant women in rural India.","authors":"P Kotni, G Ramaswamy, S Cheela, S Patil, P Chinnakali, J P Tripathy, M Khandale, D Kamban, C Konguvel, M Manohar","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.26.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Primary care settings in a rural district of Telangana, India, under an anaemia control programme.Objective: To explore the facilitators and barriers to parenteral iron therapy for moderate and severe anaemia, and possible solutions from the perspective of health care providers and pregnant women.Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Twenty in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted with health care providers (primary care and district hospital) and postnatal mothers who had moderate or severe anaemia. Manual content analysis with inductive coding was done to identify themes and sub-themes.Results: Facilitators included availability of IV iron at higher-level facilities, support from ASHAs (community health volunteers), community nutrition schemes, and growing access to digital health information. Barriers clustered around medicine stock-outs at lower-level facilities, transport difficulties, out-of-pocket costs, wage loss, need for escorts to hospitals, and strong fears and misconceptions about injections. Suggested solutions focused on uninterrupted IV iron supply, decentralised service delivery, capacity-building of frontline workers, digital and community-led communication strategies, and social support mechanisms.Conclusion: Strengthening supply chains, decentralising parenteral iron therapy, and enhancing culturally sensitive counselling and community support are essential to improve uptake and completion of parenteral therapy in primary care settings.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic tuberculosis infection pattern: high conversion and reversion among persons with type 2 diabetes in India. 动态结核感染模式：印度2型糖尿病患者的高转换和逆转。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0039

L Devaraj, S Subramanian, G Ramaswamy, J P Tripathy, K Soundappan, S P Babu, A N Aggarwal, K Selvaraj, V Venugopal, N Agarwal, S Sampath, J E John, A Bhoyar, S Sethi, N Sachdeva, S Sarkar, M Rajaram, P B Narasimhan, M Vijayageetha, D Nair, P Thekkur, P Chinnakali

{"title":"Dynamic tuberculosis infection pattern: high conversion and reversion among persons with type 2 diabetes in India.","authors":"L Devaraj, S Subramanian, G Ramaswamy, J P Tripathy, K Soundappan, S P Babu, A N Aggarwal, K Selvaraj, V Venugopal, N Agarwal, S Sampath, J E John, A Bhoyar, S Sethi, N Sachdeva, S Sarkar, M Rajaram, P B Narasimhan, M Vijayageetha, D Nair, P Thekkur, P Chinnakali","doi":"10.5588/pha.26.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.26.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Settings: A multicentric study in eight primary health centres across four geographically diverse regions of India (Puducherry, Telangana, Maharashtra, and Chandigarh).Objectives: Among persons with diabetes (PWD) registered for care, to determine the conversion and reversion rates of tuberculosis infection (TBI) at 6 and 12 months and its associated factors.Design: Cohort study with serial interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after excluding active TB. Conversion (baseline TBI negative to positive) and reversion (baseline TBI positive to negative) was assessed, and modified Poisson regression was used to identify associated factors.Results: Of 750 recruited, 748 PWD underwent baseline IGRA (excluding two newly diagnosed TB), and 339 (45%) were positive. At 12 months, reversion among baseline positives was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32-44), while conversion among baseline negatives was 22% (95% CI: 17-26). Tobacco non-use was associated with reversion, while older age (≥60 years) and lower body mass index compared to obesity (>25 kg/m2) were associated with conversion.Conclusion: High rates of IGRA conversion and reversion among PWD highlight the dynamic nature of TBI and question the utility of single time-point TBI testing for making decisions regarding initiation of TB preventive therapy.","PeriodicalId":46239,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Action","volume":"16 3","pages":"222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operational research for strengthening leadership and advancing universal health coverage in India. 在印度加强领导和推进全民健康覆盖的业务研究。

IF 1.6

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-08-24 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/pha.26.0048

J P Tripathy, P P Joshi, M Vijayageetha, P R Deshmukh, K Niraimathi, S Satyanarayana, A Groover, A Alwani, K C Prajitha, A M V Kumar, A Seshachalam, P Chinnakali, P Naik, P Thekkur, S Cyriac, A D Harries, C M Halleux, R Zachariah, M Lacerda

引用次数: 0