Danny Ngo Lung Yao, Abdullah Bade, Iznora Aini Zolkifly, Paridah Daud
{"title":"Improved GCC Technique: A Comprehensive Approach to Color Cast Rectification and Image Enhancement","authors":"Danny Ngo Lung Yao, Abdullah Bade, Iznora Aini Zolkifly, Paridah Daud","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The domain of underwater imaging is riddled with multifarious challenges, such as light attenuation, scattering, and color distortion, which can have a detrimental impact on the quality of images. In order to address these challenges, the Generalized Color Compensation (GCC) technique has been introduced, which utilizes color compensation and color mean adjustment to rectify color cast while integrating contrast enhancement via the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Nevertheless, the performance of GCC is limited due to the production of bright and smooth images. To overcome this challenge, we have introduced the improved GCC approach, which employs color compensation and color mean adjustment to rectify color cast. Subsequently, a contrast-enhanced image is generated through CLAHE to improve image contrast, while the detail-enhanced image is produced via a cumulative distribution function. Furthermore, image fusion between the detail-enhanced and contrast-enhanced images yields a superior-quality image. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed technique in improving the visual quality of underwater images. Objective metrics such as Underwater Image Quality Measure (UIQM) demonstrate that our technique surpasses GCC in terms of image sharpness, colorfulness, and contrast.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"159 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135775432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrazak Yahya Saleh, Chee Ka Chin, Ros Ameera Rosdi
{"title":"Transfer Learning for Lung Nodules Classification with CNN and Random Forest","authors":"Abdulrazak Yahya Saleh, Chee Ka Chin, Ros Ameera Rosdi","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning and deep neural networks are improving various industries, including healthcare, which improves daily life. Deep neural networks, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), provide valuable insights and support in improving daily activities. In particular, CNNs enable the recognition and classification of images from CT and MRI scans and other tasks. However, training a CNN requires many datasets to attain optimal accuracy and performance, which is challenging in the medical field due to ethical worries, the lack of descriptive notes from experts and labeled data, and the overall scarcity of disease images. To overcome these challenges, this work proposes a hybrid CNN with transfer learning and a random forest algorithm for classifying lung cancer and non-cancer from CT scan images. This research aims include preprocessing lung nodular data, developing the proposed algorithm, and comparing its effectiveness with other methods. The findings indicate that the proposed hybrid CNN with transfer learning and random forest performs better than standard CNNs without transfer learning. This research demonstrates the potential of using machine learning algorithms in the healthcare industry, especially in disease detection and classification.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"159 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135775433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macaulay Mfon Owen, Emmanuel Okechukwu Achukwu, Ahmad Zafir Romli, Muhammad Hanif Ramlee, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Solehuddin Shuib, Hazizan Md Akil
{"title":"Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber/ABS Polymer Composites via Resin Coating Treatment","authors":"Macaulay Mfon Owen, Emmanuel Okechukwu Achukwu, Ahmad Zafir Romli, Muhammad Hanif Ramlee, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Solehuddin Shuib, Hazizan Md Akil","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In developing natural fiber composites (biocomposites), compatibility between natural cellulosic fibers and polymers has always created serious challenges, reducing performance. This study focused on applying a novel approach using epoxy resin as a coating medium to enhance the properties of the fibers and the interface between the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic natural fiber. 10 wt% of uncoated kenaf fibers (KF) and coated kenaf (CKF) fibers were compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic polymer in a twin-screw extruder at an optimized temperature of 220°C under the same processing conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the coated and uncoated fibers' physicochemical compositions and surface properties. The developed composites' thermal, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics were also examined, and the results revealed that the CKF/ABS composites had better interfacial bonding and mechanical characteristics than the uncoated KF/ABS composite. Coating natural fibers with epoxy resin is a novel technique for improving interfaces and developing environmentally friendly composites from natural sources.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"79 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing the Mechanical Performance of Green Composite Materials Using Muti-Integrated Optimization Solvers","authors":"Mahmoud Mohammad Rababah, Faris Mohammed AL-Oqla","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fiber composites are potential alternatives for synthetic materials due to environmental issues. The overall performance of the fiber composites depends on the reinforcement conditions. Thus, this work aimed to optimize the reinforcement conditions of the natural fiber composites to improve their mechanical performance via applying an integrated scheme of Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE) methods considering various reinforcement conditions including fiber length, fiber loading, and treatment time for optimal characteristics of the composite mechanical performance. The B-Spline approximation function was adopted to predict the experimental performance of green composites. The B-Spline approximation function demonstrated incomparable accuracy compared to linear or quadratic regressions. The function is then optimized using an integrated optimization method. Results have demonstrated that optimal reinforcement conditions for the maximized desired mechanical performance of the composite were achieved with high accuracy. The robustness of the proposed approach was approved using various surface plots of the considered input-output parameter relations. Pareto front or the non-dominated solutions of the desired output mechanical properties were also obtained to demonstrate the interaction between the desired properties to facilitate finding the optimal reinforcement conditions of the composite materials.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Real-time Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance Techniques: Revolutionizing Natural Fibre Composite Materials Maintenance with IoT","authors":"Felix Sahayaraj Arockiasamy, Indran Suyambulingam, Iyyadurai Jenish, Divya Divakaran, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) can revolutionize monitoring and maintaining composites. By incorporating sensors and wireless communication technology into the composites, real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance can be achieved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in the use of IoT for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance of NFPCs. This paper covers the various types of sensors used, IoT networks and protocols employed, and data analysis techniques to detect potential issues and predict failures. This paper also highlights the benefits and challenges of using IoT for composite maintenance and this technology’s future directions and potential applications. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in composites, the IoT, and predictive maintenance.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ridhwan Jumaidin, Syahmah Shafie, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Muchlis Muchlis
{"title":"Effect of Coconut Fiber Loading on the Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch/Beeswax Composites","authors":"Ridhwan Jumaidin, Syahmah Shafie, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Muchlis Muchlis","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.09","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing concern about global warming and the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic has caused serious environmental issues. Hence, the need to create a more environmentally friendly material such as thermoplastic starch (TPS) has grown. However, the poor properties of TPS, such as high moisture sensitivity and low mechanical properties, have limited the potential application of this biopolymer. This study aims to modify TPS’s thermal and mechanical properties by incorporating coconut fiber. The composites were prepared by incorporating various coconut fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.%) into the TPS matrix. The mixture was fabricated using a hot press at 145°C for 1 hour. The sample is then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and tensile and flexural tests. The results show that the composite with 50 wt.% coconut fiber had higher thermal stability than samples with lower fiber content. A significant increment in tensile strength and modulus of up to 20.7 MPa and 2890 MPa were recorded for samples with 50 wt.% fiber content—the sample with 50 wt.% fiber also demonstrated the highest flexural strength and modulus of up to 30.3 MPa and 3266.3 MPa, respectively. These changes are consistent with the FTIR and SEM findings, which show good compatibility of TPCS and coconut fiber with a homogeneous structure. Overall, coconut fiber shows good potential as reinforcement for biodegradable-based polymer composites.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"56 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Novel Ligno-Cellulosic Fiber from Wrightia tinctoria and Cebia pentandra Plant for Textile and Polymer Composite Applications","authors":"Divya Sundarraj, Grace Annapoorani Soundarajan, Indran Suyambulingam, Divya Divakaran, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibers derived from cellulose and ligno-celluloses materials have many advantages, such as being renewable, low density, inexhaustible, and cheap rather than synthetic fibers. Researchers and scientists are searching for a new fiber source that can be processed environmentally sustainable. The aim is to produce an organic and Eco-friendly product. The present investigation aims to extract and characterize ligno-cellulosic fiber from the seedpod of Wrightia tinctoria (WT) and Cebia pentandra (CP) plants. The extraction of WT fibers (WTFs) and CP fibers (CPFs) was carried out using the hand-stripping method. The structural and functional Characterization of WTFs and CPFs were determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), and the thermal behavior of fibers determined by using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results indicated that WTFs composed of 75% cellulose, 14% lignin, and 0.55% wax content were, as the CPFs were composed of 38% cellulose, 15% lignin, and wax content of 2.34%. The SEM micrograph confirms that both fibers were hollow structures with thin cell walls and luminous because of the wax content presence on the surface of the fiber. The crystallinity percentage of WTFs and CPFs was calculated from XRD studies and is valued at 62% and 52%. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that WTFs and CPFs were thermally stable up to 460°C and 350°C. The above characterization results confirm that WTFs and CPFs have a wide scope in textile and polymer composite applications.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"135 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisyah Humaira Alias, Edi Syams Zainudin, Mohd Nurazzi Mohd Norizan, Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan
{"title":"Development and Characterisation of Biocomposite Insulator Board from Durian Skin Fibres","authors":"Aisyah Humaira Alias, Edi Syams Zainudin, Mohd Nurazzi Mohd Norizan, Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Durian is Malaysia's most popular seasonal fruit, but less than half of the durian fruit is consumed as food. Durian is a type of fruit with a high percentage of waste, which becomes an environmental problem when discarded into the landfill site. Therefore, it is important to utilise durian waste as a potential natural fibre-based composite reinforcement. Durian skin residue is recognised as one of the potential lignocellulosic materials to replace wood in the insulation board industry. The present study aims to develop a low-cost insulation board using durian skin residues as reinforcing materials. Single-layer mats were manually formed, followed by hot pressing using polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) resin. The effect of different percentages of PMDI resin (0, 6, 8 and 10%) on the board's physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties was investigated. It was found that 6% PMDI resin is the optimised resin amount to produce PMDI/durian skin fibre composite, and the board with 6% PMDI has the maximum static bending due to enhanced cross-linking by the fibre. In terms of thermal stability and conductivity, the incorporation of 6% of PMDI is considered the best formulation based on the value achieved. The overall results indicated that this study addresses a low-cost innovation for commercial insulation boards as it utilises durian waste and a low dosage of PMDI for implementation in the building and construction industry.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"80 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flammability and Soil Burial Performance of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata (wurmb) merr) Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"Tarique Jamal, Mohd Sapuan Salit","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of soil burial and flammability on sugar palm fibre (SPF) (Arenga pinnata (wurmb) merr)-reinforced epoxy composites. In order to determine the flammability and biodegradability properties, experiments are conducted in accordance with ASTM standards. The hand lay-up method was used to fabricate composite samples with two different weight ratios between epoxy and SPF, which were 70:30 and 50:50. Biodegradability and flammability properties were investigated using horizontal burning tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry, and soil burial. It was found that the Epoxy/SPF-50 was the composite that exhibited the fastest degradability at 0.81%/week. The result of the horizontal burning test showed that the addition of SPF reduced the burning rate but slightly increased it at 50 wt% because the ratio between epoxy and SPF exceeds the optimum fibre loading. The Epoxy/SPF-50 exhibited a better LOI value at 23.3 than pure epoxy (control), which was 19.8. From the cone calorimetry test, it was observed that the time to ignition (TTI) and total heat release (THR) values were decreased when the amount of SPF increased. Char production increases the flame-retardant protection of SPF-reinforced epoxy composites. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published study has been conducted on the flammability and biodegradability characteristics of SPF-reinforced epoxy composites.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasi Uddin Siddiqui, Mohd Sapuan Salit, Tarique Jamal
{"title":"Mechanical, Morphological, and Fire Behaviors of Sugar Palm/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites","authors":"Vasi Uddin Siddiqui, Mohd Sapuan Salit, Tarique Jamal","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.s1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.s1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate using sugar palm fiber (SPF) and glass fiber (GF) in an epoxy matrix to develop composite materials with improved mechanical, morphological, and flammability properties. The mechanical and flammability properties are examined per ASTM standards, while the morphological study examines the fractured surfaces of the samples. Using the hand lay-up technique, the hybrid composite comprises 15% SPF, 15% GF, and 70% epoxy resin. Three treatments are applied to the SPF: untreated, alkaline treated, and benzoyl chloride treated, which enables research into the effect of fiber treatment on mechanical properties and flammability. The morphological investigation reveals that both treated SPF/GF/EP composites exhibit lower tensile strength than the untreated SPF/GF/EP composite due to inadequate mechanical interlocking at the fiber-matrix interface. However, the alkaline-treated SPF/GF/EP composite demonstrates a 24.8% improvement in flexural strength, a 1.52% increase in impact strength, and a 9.76% enhancement in flammability. Similarly, the benzoyl chloride-treated SPF/GF/EP composite improves flexural strength, impact strength, and flammability by 24.6%, 0.51%, and 5.66%, respectively. These results highlight the potential of fiber treatment to improve composite materials’ mechanical and flammability properties.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"20 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}