Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology最新文献

Facial Emotion Recognition with Deep Neural Network: A Study of Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG16) Technique with Data Augmentation for Improved Precision 利用深度神经网络进行面部情绪识别：视觉几何组-16 (VGG16) 技术与数据增强以提高精度的研究

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.02

Sarthak Kapaliya, Debabrata Swain, Ritu Sharma, Kanishka Varyani, Jyoti Thakar

{"title":"Facial Emotion Recognition with Deep Neural Network: A Study of Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG16) Technique with Data Augmentation for Improved Precision","authors":"Sarthak Kapaliya, Debabrata Swain, Ritu Sharma, Kanishka Varyani, Jyoti Thakar","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.02","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions play a significant role in both verbal and nonverbal communication. Facial emotion recognition has applications in various sectors where we can get real-time feedback about student activeness by detecting their expression. In this paper, we aim to provide an improved deep-learning technique to detect emotions by using publicly available datasets to perform this detection. To get more data for the well-being of the Machine Learning Model, we have used data augmentation using the TensorFlow framework. Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG16) is a convolutional neural network of 16 layers deep. There has been an alteration to the default VGG16 structure to get better classification results. Various optimization algorithms and loss functions increase the model’s accuracy. We have used many evaluation parameters from the technical side, like precision, accuracy, recall, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC), and F1 Score. The proposed model has an accuracy of 89% while having a precision of 81 percent for classification. We have achieved an F1 Score of 0.42 and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.734. Overall, it would be beneficial for analyzing and categorizing positive and negative emotions, which would aid in detecting signs of stress, anxiety, and burnout, as well as taking preventive actions to enhance well-being.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Compatibility of Cement Bonded Fibreboard Through Dimensional Stability Analysis: A Review 通过尺寸稳定性分析了解水泥粘合纤维板的兼容性：综述

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.03

Nurul Huda Azmi, Nik Mohd Zaini Nik Soh, Hasniza Abu Bakar

{"title":"The Compatibility of Cement Bonded Fibreboard Through Dimensional Stability Analysis: A Review","authors":"Nurul Huda Azmi, Nik Mohd Zaini Nik Soh, Hasniza Abu Bakar","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.5.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.03","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibre in cement matrix was used to reinforce, increase tensile strength, and protect against matrix cracking. The various properties of the matrix, which were introduced by the shrinkage and thermal stresses, can be attributed to the microcracks on the composites. The composites experienced significant negative changes due to the spread of microcracks. Changes in moisture have an impact on the dimensional stability of cement-bonded fibreboards. The increasing moisture content caused the expansion of cement-bonded fibreboard, whereas shrinkage was caused by the moisture being evaporated. Since natural fibres connect ineffectively with the cement matrix due to their hydrophilicity, fibre-cement composites are dimensionally unstable. Hot water treatments operate by clearing the fibre’s surface of volatile compounds, impurities, and waxy elements and facilitating water absorption. Numerous variables, including the mixing ratio, the targeted density, and the pre-treatment technique used on natural fibre, influence the dimensional stability of cement-bonded fibreboard. The compatibility of cement-bonded fibreboard increases with increasing cement/fibre mixing ratio, density of cement-bonded fibreboard, hot water treatment temperature and duration.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesh Optimisation for General 3D Printed Objects with Cusp-Height Triangulation Approach 用尖角-高度三角测量法优化一般三维打印物体的网格

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.04

Qais A. Habash, Noor Ali Sadek, Ahmed Faeq Hussein, Abbas K. AlZubaidi

{"title":"Mesh Optimisation for General 3D Printed Objects with Cusp-Height Triangulation Approach","authors":"Qais A. Habash, Noor Ali Sadek, Ahmed Faeq Hussein, Abbas K. AlZubaidi","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.5.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.04","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing (3DP) is increasingly utilized to achieve quick turnaround on various geometric designs and prototypes, being the growing part of additive manufacturing technology (AMT). The 3DP technique effectively improves the production of complex models in terms of low-cost, time-consuming production, and with less material volume. The key to results optimisation with 3DP is the preparation of the geometry. The following techniques can effectively reduce the required time of the 3D printing process for complex and non-linear CAD files. The fused deposition modelling/fabrication (FDM/FFF) techniques become the first choice in many applications, including biomedical ones. Still, some obstacles exist in the geometry roughness and quality zones. This paper proposes an optimisation method for 3D printed shapes used in biomedical devices and instrumentation by minimising the support structure attached to the model using the FDM technique. In this research, we proposed a method for dynamic compensation against gravity-affected parts extended from the main object’s geometry using a forward planar learning (FPL) algorithm to minimise cusp height in 3D printed objects. After the slicing stage, the outcomes proved to be of good quality, optimised the object’s surfaces, and minimised the printing time by 32%–38%. The proposed method is promising in defining a better setting for slicing and toolpath for FDM 3D printing. However, this method was not tested on other 3DP methods (Stereolithography (SLA), Selective laser sintering (SLS), and Digital Light Processing (DLP)), as more verification efforts need to be done on these 3D printing processes.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Riblet Short-Slot Coupler Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) for High-frequency Applications 使用基底集成波导 (SIW) 的里布利特短槽耦合器，适用于高频应用

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.08

N. Khalid, Siti Zuraidah Ibrahim, M. N. A Karim, Wee Fwen Hoon, A. Dewani, Khuzairi Masrakin, S. Azemi

引用次数: 0

Cytotoxicity Assessment of α Helix Antarctic Yeast Oriented Antifreeze Peptide (Afp1m) on M. dunni (Clone III8C) Cells α螺旋南极酵母定向抗冻肽（Afp1m）对 M. dunni（克隆 III8C）细胞的细胞毒性评估

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.09

Muhammad Shuaib Khan, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Zuki Abu Bakar, M. M. Noordin, Shakeeb Ullah, Adamu Abdul Abubakar, Saifur Rehman, Aisha Saddiqua, Loqman Mohammad Yusof

{"title":"Cytotoxicity Assessment of α Helix Antarctic Yeast Oriented Antifreeze Peptide (Afp1m) on M. dunni (Clone III8C) Cells","authors":"Muhammad Shuaib Khan, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Zuki Abu Bakar, M. M. Noordin, Shakeeb Ullah, Adamu Abdul Abubakar, Saifur Rehman, Aisha Saddiqua, Loqman Mohammad Yusof","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.5.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.09","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assess the cytotoxic effects of the cryoprotectant helix Antarctic yeast-orientated antifreeze peptide Afp1m on normal mouse skin fibroblasts, an in vitro model was developed for cytotoxicity assessment. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Afp1m, the cells of M. dunni (Clone III8C) were subjected to various amounts of Afp1m. The cell viability was assessed using MTT Assay (Tetrazolium dye MTT 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-10 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) against the positive control cells (Clone III8C) that were cultured with 10% FBS (Foetal Bovine Serum) using an Elisa reader and in medium containing various amounts (10, 5, 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL) of Afp1m, the control group (10% FBS) displayed varying survival percentages (78.86 ± 10.17%, 88.38 ± 3.19%, 88.75 ± 7.19 %, 90.61 ± 7.11%, 91.19 ± 4.52%, and 100.00 ± 0.0 %) throughout 24 hr. At 72 hr of treatment, the cell viability scores of Afp1m at 5, 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 10mg/mL, which showed 86.73 ± 6.92 % viability of cells (103.9 ± 6.56 %, 104.3 ± 5.13%, 100.9 ± 1.71%, 102.8 ± 1.24%, and 100.00 ± 0.0%). At 24, 48, and 72 hr, retarded development was noted in 10 mg/mL Afp1m. Development was observed, albeit more slowly than in the positive control and treated with lesser concentrations. The findings of this work indicate that Afp1m exhibits cryoprotective properties without inducing toxicity when used for the cryopreservation of M. dunni (Clone III8C) cells.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on the Development of Microcarriers for Cell Culture Applications 细胞培养应用中的微载体开发综述

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.01

Sia Yiik Swan, M. A. Hairunnaja, N. Samsuddin, Syed Mahmood, Mohd Aizudin Abd Aziz, Mohd Azmir Arifin

引用次数: 0

Bending Effects on Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Film for Flexible Wearable Antenna Substrate 用于柔性可穿戴天线基底的聚乙烯醇薄膜的弯曲效应

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.5.07

A. Ibrahim, A. R. Razali, M. Jusoh, Najwa Mohd Faudzi, A. M. Mozi

{"title":"Bending Effects on Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Film for Flexible Wearable Antenna Substrate","authors":"A. Ibrahim, A. R. Razali, M. Jusoh, Najwa Mohd Faudzi, A. M. Mozi","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.5.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.07","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) has been used in various applications, including the medical health industry and electronics. It is a synthetic polymer with advantages such as being transparent, flexible, biocompatible, biodegradable, and a simpler synthesis process. These advantages make PVA a very promising material for human wearable antennae. In this research, the bending effect of an antenna using a PVA substrate is studied to analyze its durability in the wearable application. Firstly, the thin film substrate synthesis is performed using PVA 2488 with the measured average dielectric constant and tangent loss of 1.24 and 0.066, respectively, across S-Band frequency. Later, a 5G antenna is designed and fabricated using the PVA substrate. Finally, the bending effects of the fabricated antenna are measured at different bending radii. Four different antenna-bending radii are selected to represent different curvatures of human body parts. Results show that bending does not have a significant effect on the reflection coefficient of the antenna, where the frequency shifts from 2.2% up to 7.4% only for all bending conditions. Hence, in that aspect of finding, the PVA thin film is a potential candidate for flexible and wearable antenna material in various human body parts in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimum Parameters for Extraction of Cinnamomum verum Leaves Towards α-Glucosidase Inhibition 萃取肉桂叶以抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的最佳参数

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.4.23

Leong Yao Shen, N. Muhammad, Hariz Haikal Nasuha, M. F. Abu Bakar, N. Abdullah, Nur Fazira Abdul Rahim

{"title":"Optimum Parameters for Extraction of Cinnamomum verum Leaves Towards α-Glucosidase Inhibition","authors":"Leong Yao Shen, N. Muhammad, Hariz Haikal Nasuha, M. F. Abu Bakar, N. Abdullah, Nur Fazira Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamomum verum (kayu manis) is an herb that possesses antidiabetic properties and has been used for the treatment of diabetes traditionally. However, there is insufficient scientific data to provide optimum extraction parameters for C. verum leaves for antidiabetic activities. This research aims to determine the optimum extraction parameters of C. verum leaves towards α-glucosidase inhibition and evaluate the correlation between α-glucosidase inhibition, total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The C. verum was extracted with water through an infusion method under different temperatures (60.0°C, 77.5°C, 95.0°C) and extraction time lengths (10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes). The optimization process was designed using Design Expert software, which applied the Response Surface Method (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). The analyses conducted were antidiabetic property (α-glucosidase inhibition assay), total phenolic content (TPC) (Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method) and antioxidant property (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH radical scavenging activity). Results showed that the obtained optimum extraction parameters for C. verum leaves (81.10°C, 19.54 minutes) exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition (87.30±0.67%), total phenolic content (0.12±0.00 mg GAE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (51.25±0.48%). The α-glucosidase inhibition positively correlates with DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. These findings have provided a positive relationship between extraction temperature and extraction time length on antidiabetic properties of C. verum leaf extract.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Unavailability of Conventional Energy Units on Power Generation System Adequacy 常规能源机组不可用对发电系统充足性的影响

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.4.13

Athraa Ali Kadhem, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab

{"title":"Effects of Unavailability of Conventional Energy Units on Power Generation System Adequacy","authors":"Athraa Ali Kadhem, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, aside from conventional power, wind energy is considered an important power source in electrical power supply systems. The prime factor affecting electrical power supply systems is the blackout of electrical power for load demand-supply. Therefore, the safe operation of interconnected large power systems integrated with wind energy cannot be carried out without understanding the system’s behavior during abnormal and emergencies. In power generation systems, failure of the conventional generating units (CGUs) and wind turbine generating units (WTGUs) will lead to service interruption and subsequent disconnection of load points. This paper analyzes the impact of frequent failures of the CGUs and WTGUs on the output power systems. A Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) method and the Frequency and Duration (F&D) method are extremely effective for estimating the variation of risk indices when additional wind turbine generators are incorporated into the generation system. The results demonstrate the variation of reliability indices in the adequacy systems when additional WTGUs are incorporated into the generation system.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulating Spanning Tree Protocols in a Cable-based Tsunameter System with an Arbitrary Number of Ocean Bottom Units 在具有任意数量海底单元的电缆式海啸测量系统中模拟生成树协议

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.4.22

Mohammad Hamdani, A. A. Ananda Kusuma, Dedy Irawan, Tahar Agastani, Xerandy Xerandy

{"title":"Simulating Spanning Tree Protocols in a Cable-based Tsunameter System with an Arbitrary Number of Ocean Bottom Units","authors":"Mohammad Hamdani, A. A. Ananda Kusuma, Dedy Irawan, Tahar Agastani, Xerandy Xerandy","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.4.22","url":null,"abstract":"As a country with the fourth largest population in the world prone to tsunami disasters, Indonesia needs a reliable, timely early warning system to mitigate the impact of disasters. Indonesia cable-based tsunameter (INA-CBT) is an undersea tsunami detection system comprising undersea pressure sensors and a shore station connected by underwater fiber optics designed to provide early warning to the threatened area. Since this system performs a critical role in disaster mitigation, the system must be resilient to link failure and deliver timely warning information. This system is still in its early implementation and still on a small scale. Network-wise, it uses a proprietary Layer 2 (L2) communication protocol. Extending such a network to a larger scale and assessing the system’s performance may introduce challenges due to high costs and offer less flexibility. This paper aims to address those challenges and presents a scalable simulation framework of the INA-CBT system by using L2 open protocols such as spanning tree protocol (STP) and rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP). The framework is conducted in OMNET++ simulator. The experiment shows that the downtime duration using STP and RSTP is still below the allowed value. RSTP shows a faster failover time than STP, but RSTP downtime duration fluctuates compared to a steady one of STP. The experiments also demonstrated that the variation of downtime is affected by two aspects: the number of ocean bottom units (OBUs) in the network and the position of their blocked port.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0