Small Wars and Insurgencies最新文献_第4页

Insurgency, counter-insurgency, and the military and security dimensions of South African racial segregation 叛乱、反叛乱以及南非种族隔离的军事和安全层面

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2023.2182580

Paul B. Rich

{"title":"Insurgency, counter-insurgency, and the military and security dimensions of South African racial segregation","authors":"Paul B. Rich","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2023.2182580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2023.2182580","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue explores a neglected dimension in the wide-ranging historiography of twentieth century South Africa: the evolution of the state and its security arm in the form of the police and the military in a context of resistance by a variety of insurgent and rebel formations at the local level. The issue covers the period from the South African War (otherwise known as the Anglo Boer War) of 1899–1902 to the advent of apartheid in 1948. South African historiography has usually approached instances of rebellion and resistance on a case-by-case basis and proved reluctant to integrate military factors into a broader perspective focused on the expansion and consolidation of state power. This neglect might appear, at first hand, to be somewhat puzzling given the centrality of military factors in the shaping of South African history: the period from 1900 to 1948, for instance, includes varying degrees of South African engagement in three cases of total war while the later political transition from white minority rule in 1994 came in the wake of a limited war fought on South Africa’s sub-imperial frontier of Angola and Namibia. The lack of historical focus on military themes clearly requires some explanation: one which can be found, it shall be argued here, in the indifference, if not hostility, of many historians over the decades to the study of South African military history. The reasons for the indifference are complex but relate in part to the way South African academic history has been shaped. The period from the early 1970s to mid-1990s was one of intense debate between rival groups of liberal and Marxist (sometimes called revisionist) historians on the forces behind racial segregation, apartheid and the genesis and evolution of South Africa’s capitalist economy. A pattern emerged from this, comparable to those in some other historical contexts, when questions concerning the impact of","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42538911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Destructors’ in action, support for insurgents: case study of the Third Silesian Uprising 行动中的“破坏者”，对起义者的支持:第三次西里西亚起义的案例研究

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2023.2175529

H. Królikowski

{"title":"‘Destructors’ in action, support for insurgents: case study of the Third Silesian Uprising","authors":"H. Królikowski","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2023.2175529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2023.2175529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After regaining independence in 1918, Poland faced many fundamental and strategic challenges. One of them was the issue of border crossings on the German-Polish border in Silesia. It was a region dominated by modern heavy industry, to which both the modern states laid claim. The course of the border was to be decided by a plebiscite, but the parties to the conflict resorted to violence and military means. In a complicated international situation and without the possibility of open military intervention, Poland effectively used the strategic tool of special operations – known more widely today as unconventional warfare. Thanks to their skillful application, the German military advantage was effectively eliminated and strategic goals were achieved. Poles effectively cut lines of communication, making it impossible to support pro-German organizations in Silesia, and successfully organized insurgent forces that achieved the goals important for Poland’s development policy. This paper tells the story of a special mission unit called the Destruction Group ‘Wawelberg’ and its use as a tool for implementing the state policy of unconventional warfare during the Third Silesian Uprising.","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of resistance and counterinsurgency in the South African state, 1899-1948 南非国家抵抗与平叛的演变，1899-1948

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2023-01-14 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2023.2167454

Antonio Garcia, Evert Kleynhans

{"title":"The evolution of resistance and counterinsurgency in the South African state, 1899-1948","authors":"Antonio Garcia, Evert Kleynhans","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2023.2167454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2023.2167454","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of counterinsurgency, and for that matter irregular warfare, along with its accompanying terminology, occupies a contested space in South African history. This is the argument put forward by Deane-Peter Baker and Mark O’Neil, who posit that the people of South Africa suffered at the hands of counterinsurgent forces throughout the colonial period and well into the twentieth century. This is framed in the political context of fighting for change, where various cultural groups in South Africa successfully utilised irregular or guerrilla tactics in their protracted resistance against colonial encroachment and subjugation. Some major examples, among others, in this regard include: the Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars (1659–1677), the British operations against the Xhosa during the Cape Frontier Wars (1779–1879), the subjugation of the South African interior following the Great Trek (1836c.1876), the Anglo-Zulu War (1879), the First Anglo-Boer War (1880– 1881), the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), and the broader liberation struggle in South Africa that occurred throughout most of the twentieth century up until the advent of democracy in 1994. The negative connotations associated with counterinsurgent forces in South Africa, who found themselves on the wrong side of history, are directly associated with colonialism and their oppression and subjugation of the people. This perhaps helps to explain the evident gap in the South African historiography in research related to this contested topic. In general, interest in South African counterinsurgency directly correlates with the duration of the so-called Border War (1966–1989) in Namibia. During this period, the South African Defence Force’s (SADF) counterinsurgency operations were primarily directed against the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) and its People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN). The SADF also gradually became involved in several cross-border operations","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identity, networks, and learning in the study of rebel governance 叛军治理研究中的身份、网络和学习

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2158615

M. Stewart

引用次数: 0

‘The Fall of Afghanistan: An American Tragedy’ 《阿富汗的沦陷:美国的悲剧》

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2159738

R. Snyder

引用次数: 0

The ovamboland expedition of 1917: the deposing of King Mandume 1917年的奥万博兰远征:曼杜姆国王的废黜

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2153468

A. M. Fokkens

引用次数: 2

The strategic logic of policing in British India 英属印度警务的战略逻辑

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2154435

H. Akins

引用次数: 0

Council in war: civilocracy, order and local organisation in daraya during the Syrian War 战争中的议会:叙利亚战争期间达拉亚的文官政治、秩序和地方组织

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2152628

Tiina Hyyppä

{"title":"Council in war: civilocracy, order and local organisation in daraya during the Syrian War","authors":"Tiina Hyyppä","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2022.2152628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2152628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While scholars have focused on rebel governance in Syria and elsewhere, other forms of governance have been neglected. This article explores the local council established in the rebel-held city of Daraya, Syria. It informs the fields of rebel governance and civil resistance, specifically wartime order, during civil wars and proposes that the forms and practices of local governance in Daraya exhibited a type of governance best labelled as ‘civilocracy’. In contrast to councils in other opposition-held parts of Syria, the council was established and led by civilians who welcomed rebels to work with them. Based on findings from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with former council members, the article finds that four factors were crucial for this form of governance to emerge and to endure. Key wartime events – a massacre and a siege –, earlier experiences of nonviolent activists, local ties, and the creation of a military office created a space for the maintenance of civil-led order. Daraya offers a fascinating example of how community’s norms affected how rebel governance was created and maintained. This research introduces a new concept to explain wartime order and encourages researchers to find causal explanations for the emergence of this particular governance form in other conflicts.","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46117541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Dynamics of peace or legacy of rebel governance? Patterns of cooperation between FARC-ex-combatants and conflict-affected communities in Colombia 和平的动力还是叛军统治的遗产?哥伦比亚革命武装力量前战斗人员与哥伦比亚受冲突影响社区之间的合作模式

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2117824

Solveig Richter, Laura Camila Barrios Sabogal

{"title":"Dynamics of peace or legacy of rebel governance? Patterns of cooperation between FARC-ex-combatants and conflict-affected communities in Colombia","authors":"Solveig Richter, Laura Camila Barrios Sabogal","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2022.2117824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2117824","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the academic literature, it is widely accepted that one of the most difficult steps in a peace process is the reincorporation of former combatants. Colombia is a case in point. After the peace agreement with the former rebel group FARC-EP in 2016, the reintegration process of more than 13.000 ex-combatants has been marred with difficulties, be it half-hearted implementation of the stipulations of the accord from the side of the government or the re-armament of some dissident groups. However, the dynamics of the peace process differ considerably between the national and the local level, offering a wide range of pathways from even more violent confrontation up to successful reincorporation projects. In order to explain this variety, we integrate DDR and rebel governance studies and assume that socio-political orders need to be re-configurated when rebel groups have established strong forms of rebel governance, as was the case with the FARC-EP. We argue that patterns of interaction between local conflict-affected communities and ex-combatants are the key explanatory variables for the dynamics of peace processes at local level. We differentiate between clustered and entrenched post-war orders and demonstrate our argument with two case studies based on comprehensive field research.","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rebel governance or governance in rebel territory? Extraction and services in Ndélé, Central African republic 叛军治理还是叛军领地的治理？中非共和国恩德莱的开采和服务

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Small Wars and Insurgencies Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2137282

Tim Glawion, Anne-Clémence Le Noan

{"title":"Rebel governance or governance in rebel territory? Extraction and services in Ndélé, Central African republic","authors":"Tim Glawion, Anne-Clémence Le Noan","doi":"10.1080/09592318.2022.2137282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2137282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rebel governance assumes a symbiotic relationship between coercion and public goods provision. However, in the rebel-held town of Ndélé, Central African Republic, we find that governance happens in rebel-held territory, but rarely by rebels. Rebels allowed other actors to provide services for the people only when this did not hinder rebels extracting political clout and economic benefit from the people and their lands. We show how rebels’ extractive ambitions and governance discourses evolved during successive stages of rebellion through a diachronic comparison rooted in multimethod fieldwork from 2018 to 2022. We ask, why were rebel groups able to set up their rule, then rule for seven years, before ultimately losing power? Rebels evoked public goods at the onset of rebellion to justify the use of coercive means. After rebel rule was established, rebels outsourced public goods to international and state actors allowing for governance in rebel-held territory while focussing their own efforts on extraction. When their rule was challenged, rebels targeted governance actors and spaces in their territory in pursuit of economic gain and political dominance. Our findings call for a re-evaluation of existing rebel governance studies and the ways in which rebel groups are engaged with.","PeriodicalId":46215,"journal":{"name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3