Spatial Cognition and Computation最新文献

{"title":"Online mobile map effect: how smartphone map use impairs spatial memory","authors":"Masashi Sugimoto, T. Kusumi, N. Nagata, T. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1969401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1969401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examined people’s spatial memory and navigation performance when they learned an environmental route using a smartphone map and a paper map. Our results showed that the use of a smartphone map impaired spatial learning and knowledge acquisition. Specifically, participants learned a route less accurately when they used a smartphone map than when using a paper map, revealed by a worse route retracing performance. Although navigation accuracy decreased for the second, unaided walk after the first walk aided with a smartphone map, participants’ self-evaluation in terms of state anxiety and confidence ratings did not show a statistically significant difference. This suggests that smartphone map users did not perceive the memory impairment caused by the smartphone map use.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86975615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It’s also about timing! When do pedestrians want to receive navigation instructions","authors":"Antonia Golab, Markus Kattenbeck, Georgios Sarlas, I. Giannopoulos","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1942474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1942474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the increased research interest in wayfinding assistance systems, research on the appropriate point in time or space to automatically present a route instruction remains a desideratum. We address this research gap by reporting on the results of an outdoor, within-subject design wayfinding study ( ). Participants walked two different routes for which they requested spoken, landmark-based turn-by-turn route instructions. By means of a survival analysis, we model the points in space at which participants issue such requests, considering personal, environmental, route- and trial-related variables. We reveal different landcover classes (e.g., densely built-up areas) and personal variables (e.g., egocentric orientation and age) to be important, discuss potential reasons for their impact and derive open research questions.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81659076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor landmark selection for route communication: the influence of route-givers’ social roles and receivers’ familiarity with the environment","authors":"Zhiyong Zhou, R. Weibel, Cheng Fu, S. Winter, Haosheng Huang","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1959595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1959595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When conveying information about routes to follow in complex environments, human route-givers adapt to route-receivers’ familiarity with the environments in their choice of landmarks. Meanwhile, as route-givers themselves have experienced the environments within a social role, the landmarks they select may also differ significantly. This research investigated how these two factors influence landmark selection when communicating routes in indoor environments. Two groups of participants were recruited to conduct indoor landmark selection experiments for familiar and unfamiliar route-receivers in a multi-functional university building. The results show an interaction effect between these factors in indoor landmark selection. These findings lay an empirical ground for developing human-centered mobile navigation systems that can adapt to users’ social roles and their familiarity with the environment.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85938901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi Spatial Relation Detection in Images","authors":"Brandon Birmingham, A. Muscat","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1957897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1957897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Detecting spatial relationships between objects depicted in an image is an important sub-task in vision and language understanding. Its practical use lies in visual discourse when referring to objects by their relationship in context of others and finds application in higher level tasks such as visual question answering and image description generation. Presumably, the selection of spatial prepositions grounded in an image is straightforward. However, in general, human beings either do not always agree or are not consistent when choosing spatial prepositions. This could be due to various reasons, such as near synonyms, overlapping terms and different frames of reference. For these reasons, the automatic detection of spatial relations is a non-trivial multi-label problem. This paper addresses the automatic multi-selection of prepositions. The study is based on the development of a number of machine learning models, namely Nearest Neighbor (NN), k-Means Clustering (kM-C), Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (A-HC) and Multi-label Neural Network (ML-NN). The model performances are compared quantitatively using multi-label metrics as well as human evaluations that are independent of the ground truth labels. Additionally, the classification results are used as a basis to carry out an error and qualitative analysis that sheds light on the relative merits of how each model deals with synonymous and overlapping relations, and groups common errors to inform future directions. Furthermore, to gain insight into the merits of multi-label models, a single-label Random Forest (RF) classifier is developed and its results are included in the analysis. Of all multi-label models, the ML-NN exhibits the best overall performance when evaluated on both the dataset ground truth and the independent human evaluations. It, however, suffers from under-generating prepositions, while the rest of the models often generate more prepositions at the expense of precision. The clustering-based methods are also not quite consistent, although they do better than the other models in less frequent spatial configurations that other models struggle with. The results from the single-label RF classifier highlight the usefulness of having a multi-label model. Finally, the error analysis indicates that the majority of errors is due to lack of features that give cues on object position and orientation (object pose), the fixed frame of reference, and the failure to resolve depth in perspective view.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Names for urban places and conceptual taxonomies: the view from Italian","authors":"F. Ursini, Giuseppe Samo","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1954186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1954186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is to offer an analysis of urbanonyms, names for urban places, and show how this analysis can inform a conceptual taxonomy of urban places via the cultural lens of language. To reach this goal, the paper offers a classification of Italian urbanonyms (e.g., Via Nazionale “National Street”) based on data extraction from the Pagine Gialle directory, and a taxonomy of place concepts. This classification is obtained via a lexicographic analysis of extracted terms and their sense relations. A discussion of place concepts unique to cities across Italy is offered, as proof of the importance of cultural and linguistic facets. The paper concludes by discussing how these results can inform research on place ontologies across disciplines.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90209106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracing evacuation strategy: A virtual reality game-based investigation into the influence of building’s spatial configuration in an emergency","authors":"Dajana Snopková, P. Ugwitz, Z. Stachoň, Jirí Hladík, Vojtěch Juřík, Ondřej Kvarda, P. Kubíček","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1913497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1913497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During evacuation, individual navigation behavior is often dictated by the legibility of evacuation signs and the environmental setting itself. People tend to follow previously-used and known routes (to retrace) rather than follow evacuation signage. This has proven undesirable, even fatal, in emergencies and such behavior calls for a better understanding of the influencing factors. This contribution consists of a virtual reality experiment in which 72 participants evacuated from a hotel building in which the spatial configurations were altered. The tendency to retrace diminished when the evacuation route led through a wider, straight corridor, suggesting that the building’s spatial configuration has an important influence on retracing and should be more carefully considered in the design of buildings in and agent-based simulations.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88506303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating without vision: spontaneous use of terrain slant in outdoor place learning","authors":"D. Nardi, Katelyn J. Singer, Krista M. Price, Samantha E. Carpenter, Joseph A. Bryant, Mackenzie A. Hatheway, Jada N. Johnson, Annika K. Pairitz, Keldyn L. Young, N. Newcombe","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1916504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1916504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The topography of the land provides a suite of spatial information for navigation. In an outdoor field experiment, we examined terrain slant as a nonvisual cue. Without being told which cue to use, blindfolded, sighted participants completed a place-learning task in a flat and a slanted site. Errors were significantly smaller in the slanted site. Furthermore, performance in the slanted – but not flat – site was significantly better than expected if guessing the target’s direction. This suggests that proprioceptive/kinesthetic and vestibular cues from the slant were spontaneously used for place-learning, albeit with lower accuracy compared to visual cues. Terrain slope might be an environmental cue that is salient and realistically used by blind and sighted persons.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76491375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying optimal graphical level of detail to support orienting with 3D geo-visualizations","authors":"Aaron Gardony, Dalit D. Hendel, Tad T. Brunyé","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1892696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1892696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Limited hardware processing capacities and network bandwidth constrain the quality and quantity of photogrammetrically derived 3D terrain models that users can effectively visualize. In the present study, we examined what graphical level of detail (LOD) is sufficient to support effective spatial localization and orientation in 3D renderings of large-scale environments. We developed an interactive desktop split-screen orienting and geo-visualization task using photogrammetrically derived 3D terrain models, manipulating LOD on a trial-by-trial basis, tracking interactions during geo-visualization, and measuring orienting performance. Results demonstrated moderate (rather than maximum) LOD is sufficient for spatial orientation, suggesting new guidelines for the collection, transmission, and visualization of terrain models on end-user devices. We discuss these findings within the context of spatial perception, cognition, and behavior.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88738230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking a closer look at indoor route guidance; usability study to compare an adapted and non-adapted mobile prototype","authors":"Laure De Cock, N. Weghe, Kristien Ooms, Nina Vanhaeren, Matteo Ridolfi, E. D. Poorter, P. Maeyer","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1885411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1885411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As indoor wayfinding can be very challenging, adapted systems, which adapt the route instruction type, are being developed to facilitate more supportive indoor route guidance. In this study, such a system has been developed based on the results of an online survey. This adapted system was compared with a non-adapted system by use of eye tracking, position tracking, an orientation test and a questionnaire. The results revealed that using symbols instead of photos reduced the imposed cognitive load, while using 3D-simulations instead of photos improved the environmental awareness. This resulted in less wayfinding errors with the adapted system, compared to the non-adapted system. Therefore, the present study provides additional evidence on the benefits of adapted systems for indoor route guidance.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87891503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From architects’ terms to computable descriptions of spatial qualities","authors":"Sora Key, M. Gross","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2020.1862125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2020.1862125","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Architects speak of space and place using terms such as enclosure or privacy. These terms imply certain patterns of use and inhabitation. Spatial qualities in this study are the terms used to describe experiential qualities, encapsulated descriptions of the geometric configuration and their relationships to the building user. To demonstrate how architects might computationally describe various meanings of the forms that affect the building user, we compiled a list of keywords from an architectural pattern set and computed two terms based on geometry and visual perceptual relations. We present the result of an empirical test to suggest a simple computational representational framework to push the current domain knowledge to the next level utility in developing more design tools and languages.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82863382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}