Identifying optimal graphical level of detail to support orienting with 3D geo-visualizations

ABSTRACT Limited hardware processing capacities and network bandwidth constrain the quality and quantity of photogrammetrically derived 3D terrain models that users can effectively visualize. In the present study, we examined what graphical level of detail (LOD) is sufficient to support effective spatial localization and orientation in 3D renderings of large-scale environments. We developed an interactive desktop split-screen orienting and geo-visualization task using photogrammetrically derived 3D terrain models, manipulating LOD on a trial-by-trial basis, tracking interactions during geo-visualization, and measuring orienting performance. Results demonstrated moderate (rather than maximum) LOD is sufficient for spatial orientation, suggesting new guidelines for the collection, transmission, and visualization of terrain models on end-user devices. We discuss these findings within the context of spatial perception, cognition, and behavior.