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Contextualizing Risk in the Ethics of PrEP as HIV Prevention: The Lived Experiences of MSM. 将PrEP伦理中的风险语境化为HIV预防:男男性行为者的生活经历。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0026
Michael Montess
{"title":"Contextualizing Risk in the Ethics of PrEP as HIV Prevention: The Lived Experiences of MSM.","authors":"Michael Montess","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, I challenge the risk assessment approach to the ethics of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Traditional risk assessment focuses on the medical risks and benefits of using medical technologies, but this emphasizes certain risks and benefits over others. The medical risks of using PrEP are presently being overblown and its social and political risks are being overlooked. By recontextualizing risk within the history of HIV and considering the lived experiences of MSM with sex, HIV, and HIV prevention, we can broaden the present risk assessment framework to include all of the relevant risks involved in using PrEP. We can also better situate risk as one of several moral concepts, including trust and solidarity, which move us towards a more nuanced analysis of the social and political effects of PrEP on the relationships and communities of MSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 4","pages":"343-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39716858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
This Paper Attacks a Strawman but the Strawman Wins: A reply to van Basshuysen and White. 论文攻击稻草人，但稻草人赢了:对范·巴什森和怀特的回应。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0029
Eric Winsberg, Jason Brennan, Chris Surprenant
{"title":"This Paper Attacks a Strawman but the Strawman Wins: A reply to van Basshuysen and White.","authors":"Eric Winsberg,&nbsp;Jason Brennan,&nbsp;Chris Surprenant","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We reply to van Basshuysen and White's criticism of our paper. We argue that they have misconstrued what our original claims were. Nevertheless, we maintain that their arguments against the position they incorrectly attribute to us fail.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 4","pages":"429-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39716861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Editor's Note, June 2021. 编者按，2021年6月。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0007
Shannon Dea, Barrett Emerick
{"title":"Editor's Note, June 2021.","authors":"Shannon Dea,&nbsp;Barrett Emerick","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 2","pages":"vii-x"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ken.2021.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rude Inquiry: Should Philosophy Be More Polite? 粗鲁的询问:哲学应该更礼貌吗?
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0011
Alice MacLachlan
{"title":"Rude Inquiry: Should Philosophy Be More Polite?","authors":"Alice MacLachlan","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 2","pages":"175-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ken.2021.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Must Consent Be Informed? Patient rights, state authority, and the moral basis of the physician's duties of disclosure. 同意必须被告知吗?病人的权利，国家的权力，以及医生披露义务的道德基础。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0021
D Robert MacDougall
{"title":"Must Consent Be Informed? Patient rights, state authority, and the moral basis of the physician's duties of disclosure.","authors":"D Robert MacDougall","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Legal standards of disclosure in a variety of jurisdictions require physicians to inform patients about the likely consequences of treatment, as a condition for obtaining the patient's consent. Such a duty to inform is special insofar as extensive disclosure of risks and potential benefits is not usually a condition for obtaining consent in non-medical transactions.What could morally justify the physician's special legal duty to inform? I argue that existing justifications have tried but failed to ground such special duties directly in basic and general rights, such as autonomy rights. As an alternative to such direct justifications, I develop an indirect justification of physicians' special duties from an argument in Kant's political philosophy. Kant argues that pre-legal rights to freedom are the source of a duty to form a state. The state has the authority to conclusively determine what counts as \"consent\" in various kinds of transactions. The Kantian account can subsequently indirectly justify at least one legal standard imposing a duty to inform, the reasonable person standard, but rules out one interpretation of a competitor, the subjective standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 3","pages":"247-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Treatment for Substance Use Disorder Prescribe the same Substance as that Used? The Case of Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment. 药物使用障碍的治疗可以使用与使用相同的药物吗?注射阿片激动剂治疗一例。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0022
Daniel Steel, Şerife Tekin
{"title":"Can Treatment for Substance Use Disorder Prescribe the same Substance as that Used? The Case of Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment.","authors":"Daniel Steel,&nbsp;Şerife Tekin","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment (iOAT), in which patients suffering from long-term, treatment refractory opioid use disorder (OUD) are prescribed injectable diacetylmorphine, the active ingredient of heroin. While iOAT is part of the continuum of care for OUD in some European countries and in some parts of Canada, it is not an available treatment in the United States. We suggest that one reason for this situation is the belief that a genuine treatment for substance use disorder cannot prescribe the same substance as that used. We examine possible rationales for this belief by considering four combinations of views on the constitutive causal basis of substance use disorders and the definition of effective treatment. We show that all but one combination counts iOAT as a genuine treatment and that there are good reasons to reject the one that does not. Specifically, we claim that medical interventions, such as iOAT, that significantly reduce the severity of a disorder deserve to be categorized as effective treatments and regarded as such in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 3","pages":"271-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Limits of the Rights to Free Thought and Expression. 思想和言论自由权的界限。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0009
Barrett Emerick
{"title":"The Limits of the Rights to Free Thought and Expression.","authors":"Barrett Emerick","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is often held that people have a moral right to believe and say whatever they want. For instance, one might claim that they have a right to believe racist things as long as they keep those thoughts to themselves. Or, one might claim that they have a right to pursue any scholarly question they want as long as they do so with a civil tone. This paper rejects those claims and argues that no one has such unlimited moral rights. Part 1 explores the value of the freedoms of thought and expression. Part 2 argues against the unlimited moral right to free expression, focusing in particular on the special obligations and moral constraints that obtain for academics. Part 3 argues against the unlimited moral right to free thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 2","pages":"133-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ken.2021.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Contributors. 贡献者。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0000
{"title":"Contributors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"vi"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free to Decide: The Positive Moral Right to Reproductive Choice. 自由决定:生育选择的积极道德权利。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0013
Tess Johnson
{"title":"Free to Decide: The Positive Moral Right to Reproductive Choice.","authors":"Tess Johnson","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 3","pages":"303-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Editor's Note, December 2021. 编者按，2021年12月。
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0025
Quill Kukla
{"title":"Editor's Note, December 2021.","authors":"Quill Kukla","doi":"10.1353/ken.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"[...]in “The Epistemic Duties of Philosophers: An Addendum,” van Basshuysen and White wrap up the exchange by clarifying that they are not defending lockdowns and acknowledging the enormous harm that lockdowns have wrought. The quest for epistemically warranted policy responses to the pandemic is an especially pressing one, as COVID refuses to be tamed, and we all are participating in a real-time, world-wide social experiment to figure out what we should do about it. Since cures for COVID are still lacking, our responses to the pandemic have been social interventions. Even the vaccination campaign has turned out to be a complex social intervention. [...]reflection on the social values that shape our assessment of different courses of intervention is crucial.","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"31 4","pages":"vii-ix"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39716857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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