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Solidarity Over Charity: Mutual Aid as a Moral Alternative to Effective Altruism. 慈善之上的团结:互助是有效利他主义的道德选择
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2023.a904082
Savannah Pearlman
{"title":"Solidarity Over Charity: Mutual Aid as a Moral Alternative to Effective Altruism.","authors":"Savannah Pearlman","doi":"10.1353/ken.2023.a904082","DOIUrl":"10.1353/ken.2023.a904082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective Altruism is a popular social movement that encourages individuals to donate to organizations that effectively address humanity's most severe poverty. However, because Effective Altruists are committed to doing the most good in the most effective ways, they often argue that it is wrong to help those nearest to you. In this article, I target a major subset of Effective Altruists who consider it a moral obligation to do the most good possible. Call these Obligation-Oriented Effective Altruists (OOEAs), and their movement Obligation-Oriented Effective Altruism (OOEA). I argue that, insofar as this variety of OOEA seems to commit us to refrain from helping the people right in front of us, there is something intuitively wrong about it. In response, I introduce an alternative model that embraces partiality: Mutual Aid. Mutual Aid is a network of community members, usually from the same geographical region, who share a commitment to offer, receive, and exchange material goods, wealth, and social support. I recommend Mutual Aid as a liberatory model, which-through empathy, solidarity, and care-mobilizes community-building and provides a catalyst for community advocacy. As such, we should resist the claims of OOEAs that partially distributing our funds to people or causes we care about is morally wrong or even less than ideal. We do not have a moral obligation to use our funds \"effectively\"; rather, we have a broader obligation to address human suffering, and Mutual Aid is one moral alternative for discharging this duty.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"167-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of Community Uncertainty and Clinical Equipoise. 社区不确定性与临床平衡的多样性
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2023.a899457
Alex John London, Patrick Bodilly Kane, Jonathan Kimmelman
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引用次数: 0
Mutual Aid as Effective Altruism. 互助是有效的利他主义
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2023.a904083
Ricky Mouser
{"title":"Mutual Aid as Effective Altruism.","authors":"Ricky Mouser","doi":"10.1353/ken.2023.a904083","DOIUrl":"10.1353/ken.2023.a904083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective altruism has a strategy problem. Overreliance on a strategy of donating to the most effective charities keeps us on the firefighter's treadmill, continually pursuing the next-highest quantifiable marginal gain. But on its own, this is politically shortsighted. Without any long-term framework within which these individual rescues fit together to bring about the greatest overall impact, we are almost certainly leaving a lot of value on the table. Thus, effective altruists' preferred means undercut their professed aims. Alongside the charity framework, the more effective altruist ought to consider a mutual aid framework, which better acknowledges and honors the unavoidably political commitments of effective altruism to reimagine and remake the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"201-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47869681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0013
Remy Debes, Douglas Mackay, M. Barcelos, Laura Guidry-Grimes, David Wendler, Jake Earl, N. Berlinger
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"Remy Debes, Douglas Mackay, M. Barcelos, Laura Guidry-Grimes, David Wendler, Jake Earl, N. Berlinger","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In these Conversations, Robert Veatch reveals remarkable moments of his intellectual journey through bioethics. In Part I, he recalls some of the major historical events that contributed to modern bioethics development from the 1970s onward. Going back more than one decade, he emphasizes the impact of the Antiwar and Civil Rights movements, his pacifist ideals, and his engagement as an activist. In Part II, Veatch discusses the core of his theoretical proposal for bioethics, which is based on seven principles. He explains how his principles work in practice and why he defends the lexical ordering strategy, prioritizing the duty-based principles over consequentialist ones. Finally, he addresses the issue of the universality of ethical principles while, at the same time, acknowledging that different cultural values may condition the interpretation of a problem and, thus, lead to a different conclusion.","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"237 - 259 - 261 - 296 - 297 - 311 - 313 - 327 - E-1 - E-13 - E-13 - E-2 - E-28 - E-4 - vi - vi - vii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead by F.M. Kamm (review) F.M.Kamm的《几乎结束：衰老、死亡》（综述）
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0021
N. Berlinger
{"title":"Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead by F.M. Kamm (review)","authors":"N. Berlinger","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"E-1 - E-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44674123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Suzy Killmister, Contours of Dignity Suzy Killmister《尊严的轮廓》评论
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0014
Remy Debes
{"title":"Review of Suzy Killmister, Contours of Dignity","authors":"Remy Debes","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"E-13 - E-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics 《为了共同利益：研究伦理学的哲学基础》述评
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0015
Douglas Mackay
{"title":"Review of For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics","authors":"Douglas Mackay","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"[ e-13 ] 12. Unfortunately, Killmister doesn’t seem aware of Darwall’s revision of his own view, which distinguishes two kinds of recognition respect: honor respect and moral respect. Given that Darwall ties the former to the idea of socially constructed “human kinds,” which Killmister considers later in her discussion of status dignity, her take on this revision would have been relevant. Indeed, because Darwall further argues that social kinds are tied up with hierarchical interpersonal attitudes, this revision complicates any attempt, like Killmister’s, to make human dignity a species of status dignity. See e.g. Stephen Darwall, “Respect As Honor and As Accountability,” In Honor, History, & Relationship: Essays in Second-Personal Ethics II (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"E-13 - E-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editors' Note: March 2022 编者注:2022年3月
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.21428/3e88f64f.31304008
J. Guiliano, Roopika Risam
{"title":"Editors' Note: March 2022","authors":"J. Guiliano, Roopika Risam","doi":"10.21428/3e88f64f.31304008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21428/3e88f64f.31304008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67758809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of When Death Becomes Life: Notes from a Transplant Surgeon 回顾死亡何时变成生命：一位移植外科医生的笔记
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0007
A. Omelianchuk
{"title":"Review of When Death Becomes Life: Notes from a Transplant Surgeon","authors":"A. Omelianchuk","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"E-12 - E-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49251733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Epistemic Risk in Representation 表征中的认知风险
IF 1.4 4区 哲学
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2022.0001
S. Harvard, Eric Winsberg
{"title":"The Epistemic Risk in Representation","authors":"S. Harvard, Eric Winsberg","doi":"10.1353/ken.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Both the distinction between the 'internal' and 'external' phases of science and the concept of 'inductive risk' are core constructs in the values in science literature. However, both constructs have shortcomings, which, we argue, have concealed the unique significance of values in scientific representation. We defend three closely-related proposals to rectify the problem: i) to draw a conceptual distinction between endorsing a 'fact' and making a decision about representation; ii) to employ a conception of inductive risk that aligns with this distinction, not one between internal/external phases in science; iii) to conceptualize 'representational risk' as a unique epistemic risk, no less significant than inductive risk. We outline the implications of each proposal for current debates in the values in science literature.","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46951490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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