Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: comprehensive insights into epidemiology, treatment, and unresolved challenges.","authors":"Masato Tashiro, Takahiro Takazono, Koichi Izumikawa","doi":"10.1177/20499361241253751","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241253751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a challenging respiratory infection caused by the environmental fungus <i>Aspergillus</i>. CPA has a poor prognosis, with reported 1-year mortality rates ranging from 7% to 32% and 5-year mortality rates ranging from 38% to 52%. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogen, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, surgery, hemoptysis treatment, pharmacological therapy, and prognosis is essential to manage CPA effectively. In particular, <i>Aspergillus</i> drug resistance and cryptic species pose significant challenges. CPA lacks tissue invasion and has specific features such as aspergilloma. The most critical risk factor for the development of CPA is pulmonary cavitation. Diagnostic approaches vary by CPA subtype, with computed tomography (CT) imaging and <i>Aspergillus</i> IgG antibodies being key. Treatment strategies include surgery, hemoptysis management, and antifungal therapy. Surgery is the curative option. However, reported postoperative mortality rates range from 0% to 5% and complications range from 11% to 63%. Simple aspergilloma generally has a low postoperative mortality rate, making surgery the first choice. Hemoptysis, observed in 50% of CPA patients, is a significant symptom and can be life-threatening. Bronchial artery embolization achieves hemostasis in 64% to 100% of cases, but 50% experience recurrent hemoptysis. The efficacy of antifungal therapy for CPA varies, with itraconazole reported to be 43-76%, voriconazole 32-80%, posaconazole 44-61%, isavuconazole 82.7%, echinocandins 42-77%, and liposomal amphotericin B 52-73%. Combinatorial treatments such as bronchoscopic triazole administration, inhalation, or direct injection of amphotericin B at the site of infection also show efficacy. A treatment duration of more than 6 months is recommended, with better efficacy reported for periods of more than 1 year. In anticipation of improvements in CPA management, ongoing advances in basic and clinical research are expected to contribute to the future of CPA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241253751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of procalcitonin for identifying secondary infections in patients with influenza or COVID-19 receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.","authors":"Kajal D Patel, James K Aden, Michal J Sobieszczyk, Joseph E Marcus","doi":"10.1177/20499361241255873","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241255873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying secondary infections in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) presents challenges due to the ECMO circuit's influence on traditional signs of infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluates procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for secondary infections in patients receiving ECMO with influenza or COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-center retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All adult patients receiving veno-venous ECMO with underlying influenza or COVID-19 from November 2017 to October 2021 were included. Patient demographics, time receiving ECMO, culture data, and procalcitonin levels were examined. The first procalcitonin within 3 days of infection was compared to negative workups that were collected at least 10 days from the last positive culture. Furthermore, we compared procalcitonin levels by the type of pathogen and site of infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 84 patients with influenza or COVID-19 who received ECMO were included. A total of 276 procalcitonin labs were ordered in this cohort, with 33/92 (36%) of the secondary infections having an associated procalcitonin value. When comparing procalcitonin levels, there was no significant difference between the infection and negative workup groups [1 ng/mL (interquartile ranges, IQR: 0.4-1.2) <i>versus</i> 1.3 (0.5-4.3), <i>p</i> = 0.19]. Using 0.5 ng/mL as the cut-off, the sensitivity of procalcitonin was 67% and the specificity was 30%. In our cohort, the positive predictive value of procalcitonin was 14.5% and the negative predictive value was 84%. There was no difference in procalcitonin by type of organism or site of infection. Procalcitonin levels did not routinely decline even after an infection was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While procalcitonin is a proposed potential diagnostic marker for secondary infections in patients receiving ECMO, this single-center study demonstrated low sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin in identifying secondary infections. Furthermore, there was no association of procalcitonin levels with etiology of infection when one was present. Procalcitonin should be used cautiously in identifying infections in veno-venous ECMO.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241255873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noma disease among internally displaced persons in Northeast Nigeria: a retrospective descriptive study.","authors":"Mohammed A S Abdullahi, Muhammad R Balarabe, Jennifer A Tyndall, Faith O Alele, Abdulrazaq G Habib, Oyelola A Adegboye","doi":"10.1177/20499361241261269","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241261269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently recognized by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease, Noma, an acute and destructive gangrenous disease affecting the gums and facial structures within the oral cavity, has a high mortality rate if untreated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and impact of Noma among internally displaced populations in Northeastern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study investigates the prevalence and impact of Noma among internally displaced populations in Northeastern Nigeria. Noma is endemic in Northern Nigeria, Africa, and its occurrence has been linked to extreme poverty, malnutrition, poor hygiene, and inadequate healthcare - conditions exacerbated by the ongoing Boko Haram conflict.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 17 cases reveals a median age of 8 years, with most of the patients being children who suffer significant social stigmas, such as difficulties in speaking, eating, and social integration, including reduced school attendance and marital prospects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive research into the etiology of Noma and its socio-economic impact. It emphasizes the necessity for early and effective intervention strategies, particularly in conflict-stricken areas with limited healthcare access.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241261269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of <i>Aspergillus</i> species and risk factors for aspergillosis in mainland China: a systematic review.","authors":"Sabir Khan, Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Shafiq, Dongxing Zhang, Muhammad Awais, Canhua Chen, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Qian Wang, Lin Cai, Rehmat Islam, Yuebin Zeng","doi":"10.1177/20499361241252537","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241252537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Aspergillus</i>, a widespread fungus in the natural environment, poses a significant threat to human health by entering the human body <i>via</i> the airways and causing a disease called aspergillosis. This study comprehensively analyzed data on aspergillosis in published articles from mainland China to investigate the prevalence of <i>Aspergillus</i>, and risk factors, mortality rate, and underlying condition associated with aspergillosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Published articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct online search engines. In the 101 analyzed studies, 3558 <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates were meticulously collected and classified. GraphPad Prism 8 was used to statistically examine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of aspergillosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> was prominently reported (<i>n</i> = 2679, 75.14%), followed by <i>A. flavus</i> (<i>n</i> = 437, 12.25%), <i>A. niger</i> (<i>n</i> = 219, 6.14%), and <i>A. terreus</i> (<i>n</i> = 119, 3.33%). Of a total of 9810 patients, 7513 probable cases accounted for the highest number, followed by confirmed cases (<i>n</i> = 1956) and possible cases (<i>n</i> = 341). In patients, cough emerged as the most common complaint (<i>n</i> = 1819, 18.54%), followed by asthma (<i>n</i> = 1029, 10.48%) and fever (1024, 10.44%). Of total studies, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was reported in 47 (45.53%) studies, exhibiting an increased prevalence in Beijing (<i>n</i> = 12, 25.53%), Guangdong (<i>n</i> = 7, 14.89%), and Shanghai (<i>n</i> = 6, 12.76%). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) was reported in 14 (13.86%) studies. Among the total of 14 studies, the occurrence of CPA was 5 (35.71%) in Beijing and 3 (21.42%) in Shanghai. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), was reported at a lower frequency (<i>n</i> = 8, 7.92%), Guangdong recorded a relatively high number (<i>n</i> = 3, 37.5%), followed by Beijing (<i>n</i> = 2, 25.0%), and Shanghai (<i>n</i> = 1, 12.5%). Percentage of death reported: IPA had the highest rate (<i>n</i> = 447, 68.87%), followed by CPA (<i>n</i> = 181, 27.88%) and ABPA (<i>n</i> = 14, 2.15%). Among the aspergillosis patients, 6220 had underlying conditions, including chronic lung disease (<i>n</i> = 3765, 60.53%), previous tuberculosis (<i>n</i> = 416, 6.68%), and organ transplant or organ failure (<i>n</i> = 648, 10.41%). Aspergillosis was also found in patients using corticosteroid therapy (<i>n</i> = 622, 10.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review sheds light on the prevalence patterns of <i>Aspergillus</i> species, risk factors of aspergillosis, and gaps in surveillance that could be helpful for the control and treatment of aspergillosis and guide the researchers in future studies.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO: Registration ID CRD42023476870.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241252537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of syphilis among people living with HIV who attend a large urban antiretroviral therapy clinic in Panama: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.","authors":"Amanda Gabster, Félix Fernández Díaz, Yamitzel Zaldívar, Michelle Hernández, Juan Miguel Pascale, Angelique Orillac, Samuel Moreno-Wynter, Casey D Xavier Hall, Mónica Jhangimal, Anyi Yu-Pon, Cristel Rodríguez-Vargas, Diogenes Arjona-Miranda, Bárbara Fuentes, Germán Henestroza, Ana Belén Araúz","doi":"10.1177/20499361241256290","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241256290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syphilis is a serious global public health challenge. Despite prior progress in syphilis control, incidence has been increasing in recent years. Syphilis is a common coinfection among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Panama, few data describe syphilis prevalence among PLHIV. We describe syphilis antibody and high-titer (⩾1:8) active syphilis prevalence and associated factors among individuals who attended an antiretroviral clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken during February-March 2022 and September-October 2022 for adults (⩾18 year) assigned male and female at birth, respectively. Participants provided peripheral blood samples and self-administered a questionnaire. Samples were screened using immunochromatography; antibody-positive samples were tested using rapid plasma regain to 1:512 dilutions. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with syphilis antibody and high-titer active syphilis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 378 participants gave blood samples; 377 individuals participated in the questionnaire (216 self-reported male sex [males], 158 female [females], and three intersex individuals). Median age was 36 years (interquartile range: 28-45 years). Overall, syphilis antibody prevalence was 32.3% (122/378) (males, 50.7% [108/2013]; females, 5.7% [9/158]; intersex individuals, 100.0% (3/3)], <i>p</i> < 0.01. High-titer active syphilis was found among 24.6% (<i>n</i> = 30) of samples with positive antibody test (males 27.8% [<i>n</i> = 30], females 0.0% [0/9], intersex individuals 0.0% [0/3]). Antibody positivity was associated in the multivariable model with males (50.7%, AOR = 24.6, 95%CI: 1.57-384.53). High-titer active syphilis was associated with younger participant age (18-30 years, 13.2%, OR = 4.82, 95%CI: 1.17-19.83); 31-40 years, 7.8%, OR = 4.24, 95%CI: 1.04-17.21 <i>versus</i> 3.2% >40 years), homosexual identity (16.0% OR = 34.2, 95%CI: 4.50-259.27 <i>versus</i> 0.6% among heterosexual identity); in the multivariable model, associated with sexual identity (bisexual 19.1%, AOR = 10.89, 95%CI: 1.00-119.06) compared to heterosexual identity (0.6%) and weakly associated with concurrency (⩾1 ongoing sexual relationships, 15.9%, AOR = 3.09, 95%CI: 0.94-10.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found very high prevalence of syphilis antibodies and high-titer syphilis among PLHIV in Panama. Those most affected are males, younger in age, those who practice concurrent sexual relationships, and those who reported homosexual and bisexual identity. Targeted interventions should include repetitive testing and treatment, especially among individuals who may be at increased infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241256290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of oropharyngeal <i>Candida</i> species isolated from people living with HIV in the era of universal test and treat policy in Uganda.","authors":"Musinguzi Benson, Laban Turyamuhika, Alex Mwesigwa, Pauline Petra Nalumaga, Immaculate Kabajulizi, Israel Kiiza Njovu, Edson Mwebesa, Tonny Luggya, Francis Ocheng, David Patrick Kateete, Herbert Itabangi, Gerald Mboowa, Obondo James Sande, Beatrice Achan","doi":"10.1177/20499361241255261","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241255261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the increased frequency of oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its management is no longer effective due to empirical treatment and emergence of antifungal resistance (AFR). This study sought to investigate the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and assess the antifungal susceptibility profile of oropharyngeal <i>Candida</i> species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between oropharyngeal candidiasis and CD4 T cell as well as viral load counts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to October 2023 in which 384 people living with HIV underwent clinical examination for oral lesions. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose agar to isolate <i>Candida</i> species which were identified using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, the antifungal susceptibility profile of <i>Candida</i> isolates to six antifungal drugs was determined using VITEK® (Marcy-l'Étoile, France) compact system. Data on viral load were retrieved from records, and CD4 T cell count test was performed using Becton Dickinson Biosciences fluorescent antibody cell sorter presto.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis was 7.6%. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was significantly associated with low CD4 T cell count and high viral load. A total of 35 isolates were obtained out of which <i>Candida albicans</i> comprised of 20 (57.1%) while <i>C. tropicalis</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> comprised 4 (11.4%) each. <i>C. parapsilosis</i>, <i>C. dubliniensis</i> and <i>C. krusei</i> accounted for 2 (5.7%) each. Additionally, 7 (20%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 1 (2.9%) to flucytocine and 0.2 (5.7%) isolates were intermediate to caspofungin. However, specific specie isolates like <i>C. albicans</i> showed 20% (4/20), <i>C. glabrata</i> 50% (2/4) and <i>C. krusei</i> 50% (1/2) resistance to fluconazole. Additionally, <i>C. krusei</i> showed 50% resistance to flucytosine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) among people living with HIV was low, and there was a significant association between OPC and CD4 T cell count as well as viral load. <i>C. albicans</i> was the most frequently isolated oropharyngeal <i>Candida</i> species. <i>C. glabrata</i> and <i>C. krusei</i> exhibited the highest AFR among the non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species. The highest resistance was demonstrated to fluconazole.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241255261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of advanced HIV disease and associated factors among antiretroviral therapy naïve adults enrolling in care at public health facilities in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Bridget Ainembabazi, Elizabeth Katana, Felix Bongomin, Phillip Wanduru, Roy William Mayega, Aggrey David Mukose","doi":"10.1177/20499361241251936","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241251936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite adoption of the 'test-and-treat' strategy, a high proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrol in care with, and die of advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Uganda. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of AHD among ART naïve adults enrolling in care and associated factors at selected public health facilities in Kampala, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April to July 2022, we conducted a mixed-methods study at Kiswa Health Centre III, Kitebi Health Centre III, and Kawaala Health Centre IV. The study involved cross-sectional enrolment and evaluation of 581 participants, utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire and chart reviews. Modified Poisson regression was employed to identify factors associated with AHD, complemented by a qualitative component comprising fifteen in-depth interviews, with data analysed through thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 35.1% (204/581) of the study participants had AHD. Being male [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.4, 95% CI: 1.04-1.88] and aged 35-50 years (aPR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.14-2.88) were associated with AHD. Participants with no personal health perception barriers had 37% lower odds of presenting to care with AHD (aPR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.85). Qualitative findings indicated that individual factors, such as waiting until physical health deteriorated and initially opting for alternative therapies, took precedence in contributing to enrolment in care with AHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over one in every three ART naïve adults presents to public health facilities in Uganda with AHD. Male gender, age 35-50 years, and personal health perception barriers emerged as significant factors associated with AHD; emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities and enhance early detection and engagement in care. Routine HIV testing should be emphasized and incentivized especially for men and persons aged 35-50 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241251936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11103927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining biopsychosocial predictors of risk for cognitive impairment among a racially diverse sample of men who have sex with men living with HIV.","authors":"Casey D Xavier Hall, Beth Okantey, Zhuo Meng, Crim Sabuncu, Brittany Lane, Eugenia Millender, Artur Queiroz, Jung Hyo Kim, Lorie Okada, Avrum Gillespie, Gina Simoncini, John 'Jack' P Barile, Grace X Ma, Frank 'Frankie' Y Wong","doi":"10.1177/20499361241249657","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241249657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive decline among people living with HIV (PLWH) is growing concern as world populations become increasing older including higher proportions of PLWH. It is vitally important to understand psychosocial predictors of age-related cognitive decline men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study seeks to examine psychosocial risk factors the contribute to the risk of age-related cognitive impairment as measured by Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) score in a racially diverse sample of MSM living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The present analysis utilizes data from the baseline (<i>n</i> = 196) and 6-month follow-up (<i>n</i> = 135) time points of a longitudinal cohort study of PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a self-report survey, we examine the associations between psychosocial predictors (e.g. trauma, mental health, chronic pain, sleep disturbance, etc.) and risk of dementia using the CAIDE risk score. Analyses include linear and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In adjusted model stress, chronic pain, Black racial identity, and having a sexual identity that is bisexual or another category are all positively associated with CAIDE scores. Childhood sexual abuse history was negatively associated with CAIDE scores indicating a protective effect. Sleep disorder has a positive association with CAIDE scores after adjusting for the baseline CAIDE scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate modifiable correlates of cognitive risk (stress and chronic pain). Interventions should seek to address these comorbid factors including the consideration of minority stress and stigma. Interventions should seek to reach Black and bisexual men living with HIV, including possible cultural tailoring to interventions and messaging. Lastly, future research should examine the impact of variation within childhood sexual abuse histories to better understand their association with cognitive impairment later in life. This may include considering the nature, severity, and potential treatment of trauma symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241249657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles in the Democratic Republic of the Congo needs urgent attention.","authors":"Khadija Motunrayo Musa, Malik Olatunde Oduoye, Muhammad Saeed Qazi, Komal Zulfiqar","doi":"10.1177/20499361241252534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241252534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241252534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related factors associated with intention to initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis among cisgender women in Washington D.C.","authors":"Jennifer L Zack, Shawnika J Hull, Megan E Coleman, Peggy Peng Ye, Pamela S Lotke, Adam Visconti, Jason Beverley, Ashley Brant, Patricia Moriarty, Rachel K Scott","doi":"10.1177/20499361241252351","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241252351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization among cisgender women (subsequently 'women') is low across age groups, relative to their risk of HIV acquisition. We hypothesize that age-related differences in psychosocial factors also influence women's intention to initiate oral PrEP in Washington, D.C.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey data was performed to evaluate factors influencing intention to initiate oral PrEP among women seen at a family planning and a sexual health clinic. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify differences by age group in demographic characteristics, indications for PrEP, and attitudes toward PrEP; we then performed additional bivariate analysis to assess these variables in relation to PrEP intention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across age groups, perceived risk of HIV acquisition was not significantly different and was not associated with intention to initiate PrEP. Awareness of and attitude toward PrEP, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy were not different across age, however there were significant age-associated differences in relation to PrEP intention. Specifically, among 18-24-year-olds, intention to start PrEP was associated with support from provider (<i>p</i> = 0.03), main sexual partner (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and peers (<i>p</i> < 0.01). For women 25-34 years old, having multiple sexual partners (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and support from casual sexual partners (<i>p</i> = 0.03) was also important. Among women 35-44 years old, prior awareness of PrEP (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and their children's support of PrEP uptake (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were associated with intention to initiate PrEP. Among 45-55 year-old women intention to initiate PrEP was positively associated with engaging in casual sex (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and negatively associated with stigma (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, there were more similarities than differences in factors influencing intention to initiate PrEP across age groups. Observed differences offer an opportunity to tailor PrEP delivery and HIV prevention interventions to increase awareness and uptake for cisgender women.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241252351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}