Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Spectrum of bacterial pathogens in inflammatory and noninflammatory cutaneous ulcers of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.","authors":"Ruwandi Kariyawasam, Bryan Gascon, Priyanka Challa, Jordan Mah, Rachel Lau, Braulio M Valencia, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Andrea K Boggild","doi":"10.1177/20499361241274200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361241274200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by purulent exudate, erythema, pain, and/or lymphatic involvement, are empirically treated with antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The spectrum of bacteria present in localized versus inflammatory phenotypes of CL is elucidated herein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Filter paper lesion impressions (FPLIs) from 39 patients with CL (19 inflammatory and 20 noninflammatory ulcers) were evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and end-point PCR targeting: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and 16S rDNA. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on six specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 30/39 (77%) patients' ulcers had ⩾1 bacterium detected, which included the following species: <i>S. aureus</i> (<i>n</i> = 16, 41%), <i>C. freundii</i> (<i>n</i> = 13, 33%), <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 12, 31%), <i>E. cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 12, 31%), <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 11, 28%), <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 7, 18%), <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 6, 15%), and <i>S. pyogenes</i> (<i>n</i> = 4, 10). Prevalence of bacterial species did not differ by CL phenotype (<i>p</i> = 0.63). However, patients with inflammatory phenotypes were, on average, over a decade older than patients with noninflammatory phenotypes (42 years vs 27 years) (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The inflammatory phenotype was more prevalent among ulcers of <i>Leishmania Viannia braziliensis</i> (58%) and <i>L. V. panamensis</i> (83%) compared to those of <i>L. V. guyanensis</i> (20%) (<i>p</i> = 0.0369).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distribution of flora did not differ between inflammatory and noninflammatory CL phenotypes. Further prospective analysis, including additional WGS studies of all CL ulcers for nonbacterial organisms, is necessary to determine the role of empiric antibiotic therapy in inflammatory and purulent CL.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241274200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11409304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Second International Collaborative Mycology Conference: evidence-informed fight against fungal diseases in Pakistan.","authors":"Joveria Farooqi, Felix Bongomin, Rumina Hasan, Nosheen Nasir, Muhammad Irfan, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Afia Zafar, Fatima Mir, Summiya Nizamuddin, Kauser Jabeen","doi":"10.1177/20499361241272510","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241272510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241272510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11380120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute drug-use-related native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis: a non-surgical disease.","authors":"Sami El-Dalati, Talal Alnabelsi, John Gurley, Kelli Cremeans, Hassan Reda, Tessa London-Bounds, Erinn Ogburn, Michael Sekela","doi":"10.1177/20499361241267124","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241267124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a result of the ongoing opioid epidemic, physicians have encountered increasing rates of drug-use-related native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (DU-TVIE), a complex multi-faceted disease that is best managed by interdisciplinary teams. Despite the large number of patients with DU-TVIE, there is little data to support the optimal treatment strategy with respect to medical and surgical therapy. The recent introduction of percutaneous mechanical aspiration of tricuspid valve vegetations has added another treatment modality that is also of uncertain benefit. Here we review the literature on the management of DU-TVIE and highlight the multi-step treatment approach developed by the multidisciplinary endocarditis team at the University of Kentucky.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241267124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for treatment non-completion among patients with syphilis.","authors":"Abigail Clarkson-During, Ellen Almirol, Dylan Eller, Aniruddha Hazra, Kimberly A Stanford","doi":"10.1177/20499361241265941","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241265941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With recent increases in syphilis, there is growing interest in expanding screening; however, treatment rates have historically been low.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines demographic and clinical factors that may contribute to non-completion of syphilis treatment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a retrospective comparative cohort study of all patients with syphilis from January through November 2018 at an urban, tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographics and clinical information were extracted from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 171 patients with syphilis, 89 (52.0%) completed treatment. Patients ages 40-49 were least likely to complete treatment (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.02) compared to those ages 18-24. Non-heterosexual patients were significantly more likely to complete treatment (OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.13-11.49, <i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to heterosexual patients. Patients diagnosed in the emergency department completed treatment at the lowest rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A major gap in syphilis treatment still exists, which must be addressed to achieve optimal impact from syphilis screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241265941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Black/African American men who have sex with other men in Iowa: COM-B model analysis.","authors":"Oluwafemi Adeagbo","doi":"10.1177/20499361241267151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241267151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Iowa, men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 54% of persons with HIV in 2022 and Non-Hispanic Black/African Americans were over 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than Non-Hispanic white Iowans. To address this disparity in HIV incidence and prevalence, the United States (US) government ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) initiative seeks to expand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage across the United States. Recent data showed that PrEP coverage is suboptimal in Iowa (a rural state), and Black Iowans were less likely to engage with PrEP services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Using capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior (COM-B) model for behavior change, this study sought to identify the key barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake among Black/African American MSM in small urban areas in Iowa.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a phenomenological study aimed to explore subjective views of Black MSM on PrEP use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 Black MSM aged 20-42 years in two small urban counties. Broad themes identified from the interview transcripts were analyzed inductively and mapped onto the COM-B constructs deductively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that barriers to PrEP uptake were closely associated with five (of six) COM-B subcomponents: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, reflective motivation, and automatic motivation. The thematized barriers were (1) lack of medical insurance; (2) limited PrEP awareness; (3) PrEP stigma; (4) fear of distrust among partners; (5) anticipated side effects; and (6) doubt about PrEP effectiveness. Similarly, facilitators to PrEP uptake were aligned with four subcomponents of COM-B model: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, and physical opportunity. The thematized facilitators were (1) increased PrEP awareness; (2) PrEP access without discrimination; (3) state provision of PrEP to uninsured; and (4) physicians buy-in and recommendation. No motivation-related facilitators were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce the current disparity in HIV incidence and to achieve the EHE goals of expanding PrEP coverage in Iowa, efforts should be directed toward the provision of low-cost or free PrEP services, healthcare providers' training on cultural competence, and the development of culturally appropriate strategies to deliver PrEP to the Black MSM community.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241267151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alert and surveillance on H5N1 influenza virus: risks to agriculture and public health.","authors":"Vasso Apostolopoulos, Vivek P Chavda, Rachana Mehta, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Andrés F Henao-MartÍnez, Ranjit Sah","doi":"10.1177/20499361241266521","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241266521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241266521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal contamination of the water distribution system of a tertiary hospital water supply system in a resource-limited setting.","authors":"Kolapo S Olawale, Rita O Oladele, Rebecca F Peters, Bassey E Ekeng, Folasade T Ogunsola","doi":"10.1177/20499361241265953","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241265953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal contamination of hospital water distribution systems has been implicated in outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of fungi in the water distribution system of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Swabs and water samples were collected from taps and faucets in the hospital categorized into low (Accidents and Emergency Unit, Children Emergency Unit, Acute Stroke Unit and the 24 in-patient hospital wards) and high-risk (Renal Dialysis Unit, Central Sterile Services Department, Theatres and Intensive Care Units (ICUs)) units based on the vulnerability of patients being managed there. The membrane filtration method for water analysis was used. Where possible, isolates cultured were identified to species level. In total, 105 water and 49 swab samples were collected for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All analysed water samples grew fungi. A total of 289 (high-risk; <i>n</i> = 178; low-risk; <i>n</i> = 111) and 76 fungi isolates were recorded from water and swab samples, respectively, with 31 different species identified. <i>Aspergillus</i> was the most predominant genus with five different species: <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (9.9%), <i>terreus</i> (4.4%), <i>flavus</i> (3.3%), <i>fumigatus</i> (8.8%) and <i>versicolor</i> (2.20%) isolated. Twenty-five and 18 species of fungi were identified in the low and high-risk units, respectively. The labour ward (<i>n</i> = 46; 25.8%) and modular theatre (<i>n</i> = 47; 42.3%) were the most contaminated units. <i>Cladosporium</i> spp. and <i>Paecilomyces</i> spp. were the most frequently isolated fungi in the low and high-risk units, respectively. The dialysis centre (<i>n</i> = 9; 8.1%) and renal transplant theatre (<i>n</i> = 7; 6.31%) had the lowest contamination rates in the high-risk units. <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Cephalosporium curtipes</i>, <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> and <i>Penicillium glabrum</i> were each identified in 4/6 units from which swabs were taken. The facility had no documented protocol for its water safety and quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data reveal a high rate of contamination of hospital water sources by fungi, some of which are known to cause life-threatening infections. For better water treatment and water tank cleaning and disinfection, a standard protocol is advised. Ensuring that the water distribution systems in hospital settings are free of fungal contaminants is important to prevent the possibility of waterborne mycosis outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241265953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum and management of rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast infections in Kuwait in the Middle East.","authors":"Suhail Ahmad, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Noura Al-Sweih, Ziauddin Khan","doi":"10.1177/20499361241263733","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241263733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with high mortality rates and mostly affect patients with compromised immunity. The incidence of IFIs is increasing worldwide with the expanding population of susceptible patients. <i>Candida</i> and other yeast infections represent a major component of IFIs. Rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast infections have also increased in recent years and pose considerable diagnostic and management challenges as they are not easily recognized by routine phenotypic characteristic-based diagnostic methods and/or by the automated yeast identification systems. Rare <i>Candida</i>/yeasts also exhibit reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs making proper management of invasive infections challenging. Here, we review the diagnosis and management of 60 cases of rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast IFIs described so far in Kuwait, an Arabian Gulf country in the Middle East. Interestingly, majority (34 of 60, 56.7%) of these rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast invasive infections occurred among neonates or premature, very-low-birth-weight neonates, usually following prior bacteremia episodes. The clinical details, treatment given, and outcome were available for 28 of 34 neonates. The crude mortality rate among these neonates was 32.2% as 19 of 28 (67.8%) survived the infection and were discharged in healthy condition, likely due to accurate diagnosis and frequent use of combination therapy. Physicians treating patients with extended stay under intensive care, on mechanical ventilation, receiving broad spectrum antibiotics and with gastrointestinal surgery/complications should proactively investigate IFIs. Timely diagnosis and early antifungal treatment are essential to decrease mortality. Understanding the epidemiology and spectrum of rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast invasive infections in different geographical regions, their susceptibility profiles and management will help to devise novel diagnostic and treatment approaches and formulate guidelines for improved patient outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241263733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aspergillus terreus</i> pulmonary infection in a patient with late-onset combined immunodeficiency: a case report with literature review.","authors":"Naman Lodha, Durga Shankar Meena, Pyrus Bhellum, Neetha T R, Sadiya F C, Yash Khatod, Vidhi Jain, Deepak Kumar, Taruna Yadav","doi":"10.1177/20499361241265932","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20499361241265932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common humoral immune deficiency in adults, characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary bacterial infections. Invasive fungal infections are rarely associated with CVID. Late-onset combined immunodeficiency (LOCID) is a recently recognized variant of CVID with low CD4 counts and immunoglobulins deficiency. The current study reveals the first documented case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (<i>Aspergillus terreus</i>) in a patient with LOCID. A 52-year-old female with a recurrent history of sinopulmonary infections presented with acute onset fever and shortness of breath. Blood culture and bronchoalveolar lavage culture grew <i>A. terreus</i>. Further evaluation revealed low immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). Moreover, she also had low CD4 counts (<200 cells/µL). The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole and immunoglobulin therapy. Finally, the study discusses LOCID as a potential risk factor for invasive fungal infections, which can be easily overlooked and cause poor outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241265932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Prevalence of syphilis among people living with HIV who attend a large urban antiretroviral therapy clinic in Panama: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20499361241263641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361241263641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/20499361241256290.].</p>","PeriodicalId":46154,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease","volume":"11 ","pages":"20499361241263641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}