Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献

{"title":"Disability, fatigue and peripheral neuropathy in adolescents with perinatal HIV infection","authors":"N Comley-White, J. Potterton, V. Ntsiea","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2177368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2177368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA) experience many physical sequelae, but little is known about their levels of disability, fatigue or peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to determine these sequelae through a cross-sectional analysis in a population of PHIVA and HIV-negative adolescents, based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Outcome measures used were the HIV-related Fatigue Scale, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the Brief Peripheral Neuropathy Screen, to measure fatigue, level of disability and peripheral neuropathy, respectively. Of the 249 participants assessed, 59% (n = 147) were PHIVA, and the mean age of the participants was 12 years. Clinical data for the PHIVA group showed that the majority (87.1%) were virally suppressed. When compared to the HIV-negative group, PHIVA presented with significantly greater levels of fatigue intensity [1.2(SD±0.5) vs. 1.5(SD±0.9) p = 0.022] and disability [9.2(±6.8) vs. 11.5(±8.9) p = 0.023], with specific limitations in mobility, self-care and participation. No significant differences in peripheral neuropathy were found. In conclusion, PHIVA face challenges with disability and fatigue highlighting the necessity of comprehensive management for this population.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Lebanese adolescents: the co-moderating effect of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem between mental health issues and orthorexia nervosa","authors":"Mariam Mhanna, R. Azzi, S. Hallit, S. Obeid, M. Soufia","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2163732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2163732","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A limited amount of studies exists today on the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) and associated factors in adolescents. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the correlation of body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety and depression with ON tendencies and behaviors among a sample of Lebanese adolescents (15 to 18 years old), suggesting body dissatisfaction and self-esteem as co-moderators among these factors. This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and June 2020, enrolled 555 Lebanese adolescents, using a proportionate sample from all Lebanese governorates. The results of a first linear regression, taking the ON score as the dependent variable, showed that more anxiety, following a diet to lose weight, starving oneself to lose weight and feeling pressured by media to lose weight were significantly associated with more ON. When entering the interaction body dissatisfaction by depression/anxiety as independent variables, the results showed that following a diet to lose weight, starving oneself to lose weight and feeling pressured by media to lose weight were significantly associated with more ON, whereas higher body dissatisfaction and more depression were significantly associated with less ON. Moreover, the interaction depression by body dissatisfaction showed significance with ON; in patients with high depression, high body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher ON. In this study, a significant strong and equivocal interactive correlation was found between ON and different demographic, sociocultural and psychological factors. Although the obtained findings remain preliminary, being taken from a limited sample from one Arabic country, they may still add to the scarcity of the literature about ON and its screening tools, as well as they may pave a way for future research in the field of the eating psychology.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Association of Cyberbullying and Depression in the Malaysian Adolescent Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Khong Yun Pang, Wenfu Ku, Jaclyn Hui Jie Teng, Philip Oon Hun Ling, Pei Boon Ooi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2159599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2159599","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about the implementation of distance and online learning in educational settings, causing cyberbullying to become a rising issue as Internet use has become a necessity among adolescents for their learning and schooling during the pandemic. This increased use of the Internet due to the current mode of learning has led to the emergence of more frequent experiences of depression, as there is a great lack of social interaction among school adolescents. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying and depression and the association between the two among Malaysian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic period. A cross-sectional study using convenience was carried out via Survey Monkey, reaching a total of 1591 respondents in Malaysia. The data collected was then analyzed using the binary logistic regression test with single independent variable. Based on the survey results, 281 (17.6%) respondents self-reported to having severe depression, while 726 (45.6%) respondents self-reported to having no depression. Incidences of cyberbullying were reported to have occurred among 619 (38.9%) respondents, with daily incidences being reported as happening the most frequent (16.5%), followed by a couple of times a month (14.1%), and once a month (13.1%). It was also found that cyberbullying experiences during the pre-pandemic (OR = 1.41, 95%, C.I. = 1.003, 1.978) and post-pandemic periods (OR = 5.21, 95%, C.I. = 3.120, 8.690) are associated with depression. Additionally, females (OR = 2.94, 95%, C.I. = 2.388, 3.613) and those within the age group of 16 to 18 years (OR = 1.23, 95%, C.I. = 1.008, 1.503) achieve a high depression score. This study concludes that there is a high prevalence of cyberbullying and depression among Malaysian adolescents. Therefore, we urge for immediate interventions to be carried out to monitor the online activity, incidences of cyberbullying, and depression issues among Malaysian adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"346 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the education quality for refugee children: perspectives from teachers at refugee education centres in Malaysia","authors":"P. Siah, S. Low, S. T’ng, Khee Hoong Ho, Y. Lim, Siew-May Cheng, Poi Kee Low","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2163731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2163731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many refugee children have not only suffered from their negative past experiences but also faced challenges to cope with their current difficulties and to improve themselves for a better future. Education is a strategy to assist these refugee children in tackling these difficulties, and a key factor in ensuring the success of education is the quality of teachers. This study uses the job demands and job resource model as a framework to understand the job demands of teachers at refugee community learning centres in Malaysia and their available resources, and the resources that the teachers need to meet their job demands. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 52 refugee teachers, and focus group discussion was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was then used to analyze the data. The results showed that the main difficult job demands are handling the classroom due to the lack of facilities, space and professional training. The diversities in students’ language levels and cultural backgrounds and the psychological problems of students increase the difficulties in classroom management. Support from different parties to provide relevant resources is needed for refugee teachers to tackle their job demands so that a better-quality education can be provided to refugee children.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"458 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46968988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol, drug use, and sexual risk among young African American women in North Carolina: Is educational attainment protective?","authors":"Felicia A Browne, Courtney Peasant Bonner, Tracy L Kline, Erin N Cox, Margaret W Gichane, Wendee M Wechsberg","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2089794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2089794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research shows that educational attainment is a protective factor for substance use and sexual risk among adolescents and young adults. Evidence also shows that this relationship may differ by race/ethnicity and gender. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between educational attainment, substance use and sexual risk among African American women in emerging adulthood. This study uses cross-sectional data from 646 African American women (aged 18 to 25) enrolled in a randomized trial of a behavioral HIV risk-reduction intervention. At enrollment, participants completed a risk behavior assessment via audio-computer assisted self-interview and provided a urine sample for drug screening. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine substance use and sexual risk factors associated with educational attainment: completing some college or more vs. completing high school or less). Participants who completed some college or more (52%) were more likely to report heavy alcohol use (four or more drinks in one day) in the past 30 days (OR=1.48; <i>p</i>=0.014) and more likely to report alcohol or other drug use just before or during last sex (OR=1.43; <i>p</i>=0.026) compared with participants who completed high school or less. Completing some college or more was protective for having a positive urine screen for cocaine (OR=0.43; <i>p</i>=0.018) and reporting condomless sex at last sex (OR=0.71; <i>p</i>=0.041). Differences in positive marijuana screens, reporting a previous STI, or reporting their partner used alcohol or other drugs at last sex were not statistically significant. The findings reveal notable differences in the magnitude and direction of associations between educational attainment and substance use and sexual risk. Although educational attainment is subject to change because of the frequent pursuit of education during emerging adulthood, the findings may have important implications for tailoring HIV risk-reduction interventions to key populations, such as African American women.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivators and Barriers for Parents to Disclose their HIV Status to Children.","authors":"Marguerita Lightfoot, Renisha Campbell, Gertrude Khumalo-Sakutukwa, Alfred Chingono, Shana Hughes, Kelly Taylor","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2131948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2131948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disclosure to children has been identified as one of the main challenges for parents living with HIV (PLH). The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore motivators, barriers, and the process of parental disclosure in a Zimbabwean community with high HIV prevalence. A total of 28 PLH participated in three focus groups comprising PLH who had disclosed their HIV status to their children (n = 11), PLH who had not disclosed to their children (n = 7), and the third group contained PLH who both had and had not disclosed their status (n = 10). Full, partial and indirect disclosure approaches were used by parents. Barriers to disclosing included the children being \"too young\" and lacking understanding of HIV as well as inability to maintain confidentiality around parents' status, 2) causing the child to worry, 3) being embarrassed, and 4) fearing that disclosure would prompt a child to treat a parent with disrespect. Motivators included 1) support of various kinds from their children, 2) educating their children around HIV risk, and 3) facilitating discussions about parental illness and death. Our findings suggest that understanding the barriers to disclosure is likely insufficient for supporting and promoting parental disclosure. The motivation for disclosure, support for the disclosure process, and culturally relevant interventions are needed to promote and support parental disclosure.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 2","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10035580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9197755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Delivery Platforms for Expanding Evidence-based Mental Health Interventions for Youth in Sierra Leone: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Alethea Desrosiers, Jordan Freeman, Romita Mitra, Laura Bond, Leila Dal Santo, Jordan Farrar, Ryan Borg, Musu Jambai, Theresa S Betancourt","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2094518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2094518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the high rates of mental health problems and poor service access among youth in war-affected countries throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, incorporating evidence-based mental health interventions into alternative delivery platforms could improve service access in these settings. We conducted a randomized controlled pilot study with high-risk Sierra Leonean youth to investigate the feasibility of implementing the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), a cognitive behavioral and interpersonal therapy-based group intervention, within an employment promotion program (EPP) and preliminary effects of the YRI on mental health outcomes. Participants were 175 youth (females=62%) ages 18-30 recruited via flyers and radio announcements. Participants were assigned to geographic clusters stratified by gender; clusters were randomized into YRI+EPP (n=58) or EPP-only (n=57). Statistically matched controls were recruited from comparable chiefdoms (n=60). The 12-session YRI was delivered bi-weekly, following EPP completion. Qualitative findings indicated that the YRI was highly feasible and acceptable as integrated into the EPP. Mixed linear effects models showed promising trends. Compared with controls, both YRI+EPP and EPP-only males reported significantly reduced post-traumatic stress symptoms, and YRI+EPP reported marginally significantly reduced emotional regulation difficulties. EPP-only females reported significantly reduced functional impairment compared to controls. Findings suggest that the YRI can be feasibly implemented within an EPP. Integrating the YRI into existing delivery platforms may help increase access to mental health care in Sierra Leone and provide a leverage point for scaling up evidence-based mental health interventions in other low-resource settings globally. [Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT0360361; 5/18/18].</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Support Networks for Adolescents Orphaned by HIV: Definitions, Barriers, Challenges and Lessons from Uganda.","authors":"Proscovia Nabunya","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2163330","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2163330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social support is a key element to the health wellbeing of individuals, especially those experiencing major life transitions and crises. Prior evidence has demonstrated that orphaned adolescents are socially isolated with limited supportive networks. This study focused on how orphaned adolescents define social support, the nature of relationships with non-kin ties, barriers and challenges to seeking support. In-depth interviews from 38 orphaned adolescents (14-19 years) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings demonstrated that 1) orphaned adolescents define support in terms of \"giving and receiving material and non-material assistance\", and \"helping individuals overcome problems\", 2) relationships are initiated by family members, 3) economic hardships, stigma, and lack of trust deter adolescents from seeking support outside of the family unit. Study findings point to the need to integrate social support strengthening components within programming for orphaned adolescents living in HIV impacted communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of violent video gaming with mental health among male teenagers in Lebanon","authors":"M. Akel, Iqbal M. Fahs, C. Haddad, N. Kheir, S. Obeid, S. Hallit","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2160884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2160884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact of violent video gaming on the mental health of adolescents has been of extreme importance to health care professionals and policy makers for many years. Lebanon is gripped by political and economic events that contribute to the increased prevalence of mental disorders especially among children and adolescents. This study sought to examine the association between violent video gaming and mental health problems including aggression, depression, anxiety, and insomnia among male teenagers in Lebanon. This is a cross-sectional survey study that enrolled a sample of 388 male students from grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 (13–17 years of age). The students were drawn from five Lebanese schools between October and December 2019. The Video Game Questionnaire was used to assess the games use frequencies, the degree of violent content (blood), and the degree of violent images, the Buss and Perry Scale for aggression, the Normative Beliefs about Aggression for the perceptions and beliefs about behaving aggressively, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale for anxiety and the Lebanese Insomnia Scale for insomnia. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was carried out after adjusting for age and household crowding index. The results showed that higher video gaming total score was significantly associated with higher anxiety (Beta = 0.039), insomnia (Beta = 0.042), total aggression (Beta = 0.141) and approval of aggression (Beta = 0.061), but not depression (Beta = 0.009). Our findings reveal the association between higher violent VGs exposure and higher approval of aggression, aggression, anxiety and insomnia among male teenagers in Lebanon. Such data can be relied on as a framework for parents, health care providers and teachers to increase awareness and protect our teenagers from the possible negative effect of violent video gaming.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"76 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrant parents and psychosocial effects of parents’ absence on children left behind in the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"Gulshat Muhametjanova, Gülgün Afacan Adanır","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2159099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2159099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the psychosocial effects of parents’ absence on children left behind in the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan). A survey was conducted in 2018 with a sample of 457 secondary school children aged 11–18-years-old in the Kyrgyz Republic. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the psychological well-being of children was not significantly influenced when their parents were not divorced but did live separately. However, children with parents who lived abroad and were divorced did show a significant increase in their psychological distress when compared to children who lived with both parents. Furthermore, children whose father was away and who were cared for by their mother only, were more likely to experience a lower level of psychological well-being than children who lived with both parents. Additionally, no significant effect on the well-being of children whose mothers or both parents had migrated was found.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"10 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}