Multiple Sclerosis International最新文献_第8页

Adipsin Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Follow-Up Study of Adipokines 脂肪素与多发性硬化症相关:一项脂肪因子的随访研究

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-11-08 DOI: 10.1155/2015/371734

Renuka Natarajan, S. Hagman, Mari Hämälainen, T. Leppänen, P. Dastidar, E. Moilanen, I. Elovaara

{"title":"Adipsin Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Follow-Up Study of Adipokines","authors":"Renuka Natarajan, S. Hagman, Mari Hämälainen, T. Leppänen, P. Dastidar, E. Moilanen, I. Elovaara","doi":"10.1155/2015/371734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/371734","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective. The role of adipokines in regulation of immune responses has been recognized, but very little is known about their impact on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we analysed whether the major adipokines are differentially expressed in plasma of patients with different MS subtypes and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and explored their association with major disease characteristics. Methods. The levels of adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, and resistin in the plasma of 80 patients with different subtypes of MS and CIS were followed up annually over the two years. The data obtained were correlated with disease activity, EDSS and volumes of T1-weighted lesions (T1-LV), and fluid attenuation inversion recovery lesions (FLAIR-LV) on MRI. Results. In MS group, a correlation was found between the level of adipsin and EDSS score at baseline (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). In RRMS, the levels of adipsin correlated with EDSS scores (r = 0.542, p = 0.002), T1-LV (r = 0.410, p = 0.034), and FLAIR-LV (r = 0.601, p = 0.0001) at baseline and an increase in the T1-LV over the follow-up (r = 0.582, p = 0.003). Associations with other adipokines were not detected. Conclusion. Our exploratory study provides novel insights on the impact of adipokines in MS and suggests that adipsin exerts predictive potential as a biomarker of neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/371734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64927594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 世界视神经脊髓炎的流行病学:系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-04-20 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174720

Masoud Etemadifar, Zahra Nasr, Behrang Khalili, Maryam Taherioun, Reza Vosoughi

{"title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Masoud Etemadifar, Zahra Nasr, Behrang Khalili, Maryam Taherioun, Reza Vosoughi","doi":"10.1155/2015/174720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/174720","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease) is a severe autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Epidemiological aspects of NMO have not been systemically reviewed. In this study we systematically reviewed and assessed the quality of studies reporting the incidence and/or prevalence of NMO across the world. Methods. A comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science for the terms \"Neuromyelitis optica,\" \"devic disease,\" \"incidence,\" \"prevalence,\" and \"epidemiology\" was conducted on January 31, 2015. Study quality was assessed using an assessment tool based on recognized guidelines and designed specifically for this study. Results. A total of 216 studies were initially identified, with only 9 meeting the inclusion criteria. High level of heterogeneity amongst studies precluded a firm conclusion. Incidence data were found in four studies and ranged from 0.053 per 100,000 per year in Cuba to 0.4 in Southern Denmark. Prevalence was reported in all studies and ranged from 0.51 per 100,000 in Cuba to 4.4 in Southern Denmark. Conclusion. This review reveals the gaps that still exist in the epidemiological knowledge of NMO in the world. Published studies have different qualities and methodology precluding a robust conclusion. Future researches focusing on epidemiological features of NMO in different nations and different ethnic groups are needed. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"174720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/174720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33303413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 99

Does Self-Efficacy Affect Cognitive Performance in Persons with Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Early Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis? 自我效能感是否影响临床孤立综合征和早期复发缓解型多发性硬化症患者的认知表现?

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-04-29 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960282

Peter Joseph Jongen, Keith Wesnes, Björn van Geel, Paul Pop, Hans Schrijver, Leo H Visser, H Jacobus Gilhuis, Ludovicus G Sinnige, Augustina M Brands

{"title":"Does Self-Efficacy Affect Cognitive Performance in Persons with Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Early Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis?","authors":"Peter Joseph Jongen, Keith Wesnes, Björn van Geel, Paul Pop, Hans Schrijver, Leo H Visser, H Jacobus Gilhuis, Ludovicus G Sinnige, Augustina M Brands","doi":"10.1155/2015/960282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/960282","url":null,"abstract":"In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) a lowered self-efficacy negatively affects physical activities. Against this background we studied the relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive performance in the early stages of MS. Thirty-three patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) and early Relapsing Remitting MS (eRRMS) were assessed for self-efficacy (MSSES-18), cognition (CDR System), fatigue (MFIS-5), depressive symptoms (BDI), disease impact (MSIS-29), and disability (EDSS). Correlative analyses were performed between self-efficacy and cognitive scores, and stepwise regression analyses identified predictors of cognition and self-efficacy. Good correlations existed between total self-efficacy and Power of Attention (r= 0.65; P< 0.001), Reaction Time Variability (r= 0.57; P< 0.001), and Speed of Memory (r= 0.53; P< 0.01), and between control self-efficacy and Reaction Time Variability (r= 0.55; P< 0.01). Total self-efficacy predicted 40% of Power of Attention, 34% of Reaction Time Variability, and 40% of Speed of Memory variabilities. Disease impact predicted 65% of total self-efficacy and 58% of control self-efficacy variabilities. The findings may suggest that in persons with CIS and eRRMS self-efficacy may positively affect cognitive performance and that prevention of disease activity may preserve self-efficacy. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"960282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/960282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33379066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Development of Activity-Related Muscle Fatigue during Robot-Mediated Upper Limb Rehabilitation Training in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Trial. 多发性硬化症患者在机器人介导的上肢康复训练中活动相关肌肉疲劳的发展:一项试点试验。

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-24 DOI: 10.1155/2015/650431

Johanna Renny Octavia, Peter Feys, Karin Coninx

{"title":"Development of Activity-Related Muscle Fatigue during Robot-Mediated Upper Limb Rehabilitation Training in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Trial.","authors":"Johanna Renny Octavia, Peter Feys, Karin Coninx","doi":"10.1155/2015/650431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/650431","url":null,"abstract":"Robot-assisted rehabilitation facilitates high-intensity training of the impaired upper limb in neurological rehabilitation. It has been clinically observed that persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have difficulties in sustaining the training intensity during a session due to the development of activity-related muscle fatigue. An experimental observational pilot study was conducted to examine whether or not the muscle fatigue develops in MS patients during one session of robot-assisted training within a virtual learning environment. Six MS patients with upper limb impairment (motricity index ranging from 50 to 91/100) and six healthy persons completed five training bouts of three minutes each performing lifting tasks, while EMG signals of anterior deltoid and lower trapezius muscles were measured and their subjective perceptions on muscle fatigue were registered. Decreased performance and higher subjective fatigue perception were present in the MS group. Increased mean EMG amplitudes and subjective perception levels on muscle fatigue were observed in both groups. Muscle fatigue development during 15' training has been demonstrated in the arm of MS patients, which influences the sustainability of training intensity in MS patients. To optimize the training performance, adaptivity based on the detection of MS patient's muscle fatigue could be provided by means of training program adjustment. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"650431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/650431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33402958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Disease-modifying drugs reduce cortical lesion accumulation and atrophy progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from a 48-month extension study. 疾病改善药物减少复发缓解型多发性硬化症皮质病变积累和萎缩进展:一项为期48个月的扩展研究的结果

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-02-23 DOI: 10.1155/2015/369348

Francesca Rinaldi, Paola Perini, Matteo Atzori, Alice Favaretto, Dario Seppi, Paolo Gallo

{"title":"Disease-modifying drugs reduce cortical lesion accumulation and atrophy progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from a 48-month extension study.","authors":"Francesca Rinaldi, Paola Perini, Matteo Atzori, Alice Favaretto, Dario Seppi, Paolo Gallo","doi":"10.1155/2015/369348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/369348","url":null,"abstract":"Cortical lesions (CLs) and atrophy are pivotal in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. This study determined the effect of disease modifying drugs (DMDs) on CL development and cortical atrophy progression in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) over 48 months. Patients (n = 165) were randomized to sc IFN β-1a 44 μg, im IFN β-1a 30 μg, or glatiramer acetate 20 mg. The reference population comprised 50 DMD-untreated patients with RRMS. After 24 months, 43 of the untreated patients switched to DMDs. The four groups of patients were followed up for an additional 24 months. At 48 months the mean standard deviation number of new CLs was significantly lower in patients treated with sc IFN β-1a (1.4 ± 1.0, range 0–5) compared with im IFN β-1a (2.3 ± 1.3, range 0–6, P = 0.004) and glatiramer acetate (2.2 ± 1.5, range 0–7, P = 0.03). Significant reductions in CL accumulation and new white matter and gadolinium-enhancing lesions were also observed in the 43 patients who switched to DMDs after 24 months, compared with the 24 months of no treatment. Concluding, this study confirms that DMDs significantly reduce CL development and cortical atrophy progression compared with no treatment.","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"369348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/369348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33156374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Antiepileptic and Antidepressive Polypharmacy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. 多发性硬化症患者的抗癫痫和抗抑郁综合用药。

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-06-29 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317859

Georg Anton Giæver Beiske, Trygve Holmøy, Antonie Giæver Beiske, Svein I Johannessen, Cecilie Johannessen Landmark

{"title":"Antiepileptic and Antidepressive Polypharmacy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Georg Anton Giæver Beiske, Trygve Holmøy, Antonie Giæver Beiske, Svein I Johannessen, Cecilie Johannessen Landmark","doi":"10.1155/2015/317859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/317859","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often suffering from neuropathic pain. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly used and are susceptible to be involved in drug interactions. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of use of antiepileptic and antidepressive drugs in MS patients and to discuss the theoretical potential for interactions. Methods. Review of the medical records from all patients treated at a dedicated MS rehabilitation centre in Norway between 2009 and 2012. Results. In total 1090 patients attended a rehabilitation stay during the study period. Of these, 342 (31%; 249 females) with mean age of 53 (±10) years and EDSS 4.8 (±1.7) used at least one AED (gabapentin 12.7%, pregabalin 7.7%, clonazepam 7.8%, and carbamazepine 2.6%) or amitriptyline (9.7%). Polypharmacy was widespread (mean 5.4 drugs) with 60% using additional CNS-active drugs with a propensity to be involved in interactions. Age, gender, and EDSS scores did not differ significantly between those using and not using AED/amitriptyline. Conclusion. One-third of MS patients attending a rehabilitation stay receive AED/amitriptyline treatment. The high prevalence of polypharmacy and use of CNS-active drugs calls for awareness of especially pharmacodynamic interactions and possible excessive adverse effects. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"317859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/317859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

The Lived Experience of Multiple Sclerosis Relapse: How Adults with Multiple Sclerosis Processed Their Relapse Experience and Evaluated Their Need for Postrelapse Care. 多发性硬化症复发的生活经历:多发性硬化症成人如何处理他们的复发经历并评估他们对复发后护理的需求。

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/351416

Miho Asano, Karli Hawken, Merrill Turpin, Abby Eitzen, Marcia Finlayson

{"title":"The Lived Experience of Multiple Sclerosis Relapse: How Adults with Multiple Sclerosis Processed Their Relapse Experience and Evaluated Their Need for Postrelapse Care.","authors":"Miho Asano, Karli Hawken, Merrill Turpin, Abby Eitzen, Marcia Finlayson","doi":"10.1155/2015/351416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/351416","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses can take a toll on individuals' health and quality of life. Given such consequences of relapses, postrelapse care beyond pharmacological approaches may play an important role in recovery. Nevertheless, how individuals with MS process their relapse experience and manage the consequences is still uncertain. Purpose. We conducted a qualitative study to understand relapse experiences and postrelapse care need from perspectives of adults with MS and identify relapse management patterns. Methods. We interviewed 17 adults with MS. Results. By examining combinations of three categories related to relapse experience, we identified four relapse management patterns: (i) Active Relapse Manager, (ii) Early-Stage Proactive Relapse Monitor, (iii) Adapted Passive Relapse Manager, and (iv) Passive Relapse Monitor. The relapse management patterns appear to associate strongly with the appraisal of the experience. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest the importance of understanding each patient beyond their functional limitations and the potential need for multidisciplinary postrelapse care which goes past restoring functional limitations at the acute phase. Future research to further understand the relapse management process at all stages of the healthcare continuum is a crucial step toward developing strategies to advance the current postrelapse care and to facilitate optimal recovery. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"351416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/351416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33263389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Attending the MS Clinic at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, UAE: Cross-Sectional Study. 阿联酋谢赫哈利法医疗城多发性硬化症门诊患者抑郁和焦虑的患病率:横断面研究

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-09 DOI: 10.1155/2015/487159

Taoufik Alsaadi, Khadija El Hammasi, Tarek M Shahrour, Mustafa Shakra, Lamya Turkawi, Abdulla Mudhafar, Lina Diab, Mufeed Raoof

引用次数: 31

Intrathecal IgG synthesis: a resistant and valuable target for future multiple sclerosis treatments. 鞘内IgG合成:未来多发性硬化症治疗的一个耐药和有价值的靶点。

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-01-08 DOI: 10.1155/2015/296184

Mickael Bonnan

{"title":"Intrathecal IgG synthesis: a resistant and valuable target for future multiple sclerosis treatments.","authors":"Mickael Bonnan","doi":"10.1155/2015/296184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/296184","url":null,"abstract":"Intrathecal IgG synthesis is a key biological feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). When acquired early, it persists over time. A growing body of evidence suggests that intrathecal Ig-secreting cells may be pathogenic either by a direct action of toxic IgG or by locally secreting bystander toxic products. Intrathecal IgG synthesis depends on the presence of CNS lymphoid organs, which are strongly linked at anatomical level to cortical subpial lesions and at clinical level to the impairment slope in progressive MS. As a consequence, targeting CNS lymphoid lesions could be a valuable new target in MS, especially during the progressive phase. As intrathecal IgGs are end-products of these lymphoid lesions, intrathecal IgG synthesis may be considered as a specific marker of the persistence of these inflammatory lesions. Here we review the effect upon intrathecal IgG synthesis of all drugs ever used in MS. Except for steroids, all these therapeutic strategies, including rituximab, failed to decrease intrathecal IgG synthesis, with the exception of a questionable incomplete action of natalizumab. Thus, IgG synthesis is a robust marker of persistent intrathecal inflammation and its complete normalization should be one of the goals in future therapeutic strategies. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"296184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/296184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33030113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Fingolimod Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Postmarketing Study. 芬戈莫德治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化症患者:一项前瞻性观察性多中心上市后研究

IF 2.5

Multiple Sclerosis International Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-22 DOI: 10.1155/2015/763418

Rocco Totaro, Caterina Di Carmine, Gianfranco Costantino, Roberta Fantozzi, Paolo Bellantonio, Aurora Fuiani, Ciro Mundi, Stefano Ruggieri, Carmine Marini, Antonio Carolei

{"title":"Fingolimod Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Postmarketing Study.","authors":"Rocco Totaro, Caterina Di Carmine, Gianfranco Costantino, Roberta Fantozzi, Paolo Bellantonio, Aurora Fuiani, Ciro Mundi, Stefano Ruggieri, Carmine Marini, Antonio Carolei","doi":"10.1155/2015/763418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/763418","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The aim of this prospective observational multicenter postmarketing study was to evaluate fingolimod efficacy in a real world clinical setting. Methods. One hundred forty-two subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were enrolled in three multiple sclerosis centers throughout Central and Southern Italy between January 2011 and September 2013. After enrollment, regular visits and EDSS assessment were scheduled every 3 months, and MRI scan was obtained every 12 months. Patients were followed up from 1 to 33 months (mean 14.95 ± 9.15 months). The main efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients free from clinical relapses, from disability progression, from magnetic resonance imaging activity, and from any disease activity. Results. Out of 142 patients enrolled in the study, 88.1% were free from clinical relapse and 69.0% were free from disability progression; 68.5% of patients remained free from new or newly enlarging T2 lesions and 81.7% of patients were free from gadolinium enhancing lesions. Overall the proportion of patients free from any disease activity was 41.9%. Conclusions. Our data in a real world cohort are consistent with previous findings that yield convincing evidence for the efficacy of fingolimod in patients with RRMS. ","PeriodicalId":46096,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis International","volume":"2015 ","pages":"763418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/763418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33982588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28