Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics最新文献_第7页

Proving the Collatz Conjecture with Binaries Numbers 用二进制数证明Collatz猜想

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-12-24 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.12

Olinto de Oliveira Santos

{"title":"Proving the Collatz Conjecture with Binaries Numbers","authors":"Olinto de Oliveira Santos","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to demonstrate the Collatz Conjecture through the Sets and Binary Numbers Theory, in this manner: 2n + 2n-1+...1. This study shows that there are subsequences of odd numbers within the Collatz sequences, and that by proving the proposition is true for these subsequences, it is subsequently proven that the entire proposition is correct. It is also proven that a sequence which begins with a natural number is generated by a set of operations: Multiplication by 3, addition of 1 and division by 2n. This set of operations shall be called “Movement” in this study, and may be increasing when n=1, and decreasing for n ≥ 2. The numbers in 2n form generate decreasing sequences in which the 3n+1 operation does not occur. One of the important discoveries is how to generate numbers in which the 3n+1 operation only occurs once and how to generate numbers with a minimum quantity of increasing movements that are the numbers of greater “orbits” (Longer sequences that take longer to reach the number one). The conclusion is that, as the decreasing numbers dominate as compared to the increasing ones, the statement that the sequence is always going to reach the number 1 is true.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formulating an Odd Perfect Number: An in Depth Case Study 奇完全数的形成:一个深入的案例研究

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.11

Renz Chester Rosales Gumaru, Leonida Solivas Casuco, H. Bernal

{"title":"Formulating an Odd Perfect Number: An in Depth Case Study","authors":"Renz Chester Rosales Gumaru, Leonida Solivas Casuco, H. Bernal","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180705.11","url":null,"abstract":"A perfect number is a positive integer that is equals to the sum of its proper divisors. No one has ever found an odd perfect number in the field of Number Theory. This paper review discussed the history and the origin of Odd Perfect Numbers. The theorems and proofs are given and stated. This paper states the necessary conditions for the existence of odd perfect numbers. In addition, several related studies such as “Odd Near-Perfect Numbers” and “Deficient-Perfect Numbers”. Formulating odd perfect numbers will have a significant contribution to other Mathematics conjectures. This paper compiles all the known information about the existence of an odd perfect number It also lists and explains the necessary theorems and lemmas needed for the study. The results and conclusions shows the ff: Odd Perfect Numbers has a lower bound of 101500, The total number of prime factors/divisors of an odd perfect number is at least 101, and 108 is an appropriate lower bound for the largest prime factor of an odd perfect number and the second large stand third largest prime divisors must exceed 10000 and100 respectively. In summary, it found out that there is a chance for an odd perfect number to exist even if there is a very small possibility.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On a Subclass of P-Valent Functions Defined by a Generalized Salagean Operator 由广义Salagean算子定义的p价函数的一个子类

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-11-06 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180704.11

Ozokeraha Christiana Funmilayo

{"title":"On a Subclass of P-Valent Functions Defined by a Generalized Salagean Operator","authors":"Ozokeraha Christiana Funmilayo","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180704.11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the study of analytic functions has been useful in solving many problems in mechanics, Laplace equation, electrostatics, etc. An analytic function is said to be univalent in a domain if it does not take the same value twice in that domain while an analytic function is said to be p-valent in a domain if it does not take the same value more than p times in that domain. Many researches on properties of p-valent functions using Salagean, Al Oboudi and Opoola differential operators have been reviewed. The aim of this research is to obtain the properties of new subclasses of p-valent functions defined by Salagean differential operator and its objectives are to obtain new subclasses of p-valent functions and the necessary properties for the new subclasses. This research will be a contribution to knowledge in geometric function theory and provide new tools of applications in fluid dynamics and differential equations. This paper introduces new subclasses of p – valent functions defined by Al –Oboudi differential operator. Finally, the paper studies some interesting results including subordination, coefficient inequalities, starlikeness and convexity conditions, Hadamard product and certain properties of neighbourhoods of the new subclasses of p-valent functions. Theorems were used to establish certain conditions of the new subclasses of p-valent functions.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78750094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entropy-Like State Counting Leads to Human Readable Four Color Map Theorem Proof 类熵状态计数导致人类可读的四色图定理证明

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-09-28 DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20180703.12

R. Shuler

{"title":"Entropy-Like State Counting Leads to Human Readable Four Color Map Theorem Proof","authors":"R. Shuler","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.20180703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20180703.12","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of how many colors are required for a planar map has been used as a focal point for discussions of the limits of human direct understanding vs. automated methods. It is important to continue to investigate until it is convincingly proved map coloration is an exemplary irreducible problem or until it is reduced. Meanwhile a new way of thinking about surfaces which hide N-dimensional volumes has arisen in physics employing entropy and the holographic principle. In this paper we define coloration entropy or flexibility as a count of the possible distinct colorations of a map (planar graph), and show how a guaranteed minimum coloration flexibility changes based on additions at a boundary of the map. The map is 4-colorable as long as the flexibility is positive, even though the proof method does not construct a coloration. This demonstration is successful, resulting in a compact and easily comprehended proof of the four color theorem. The use of an entropy-like method suggests comparisons and applications to issues in physics such as black holes. Therefore in conclusion some comments are offered on the relation to physics and the relation of plane-section color-ability to higher dimensional spaces. Future directions of research are suggested which may connect the concepts to not only time and distance and thus entropic gravity but also momentum.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91333958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathematics Journal: Division of Zero by Itself - Division of Zero by Itself Has Unique Solution 数学杂志:自除零——自除零有唯一解

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180703.11

W. Mwangi

引用次数: 8

Using a Two-Person Zero-Sum Game to Solve a Decision-Making Problem 用二人零和博弈解决决策问题

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-07-17 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180702.11

Joseph Gogodze

引用次数: 4

On Norm of Elementary Operator: An Application of Stampfli’s Maximal Numerical Range 关于初等算子的范数:Stampfli最大数值范围的一个应用

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-03-27 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180701.12

D. N. Kingangi

引用次数: 3

The Study of the Concept of Q*Compact Spaces Q*紧空间概念的研究

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2018-02-02 DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20180701.11

I. Bassi, Yakubu Gabriel, O. O. Galadima

引用次数: 0

Some Finiteness Conditions for Strong Semilattice of Semigroups 半群强半格的几个有限条件

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Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2017-12-18 DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170606.12

Basri Çaliskan

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Petroleum Price Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Based on Chaotic Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Algorithm 基于混沌自适应粒子群算法的反向传播人工神经网络石油价格预测

IF 0.2

Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2017-11-14 DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170606.11

Mengshan Li, Genqin Sun, Huaijin Zhang, Keming Su, Bingsheng Chen, Yan Wu

引用次数: 0