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In the Eye of the Beholder 在旁观者的眼中
4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.59.1.39
Matilda I. Siebrecht, Sean P. A. Desjardins
{"title":"In the Eye of the Beholder","authors":"Matilda I. Siebrecht, Sean P. A. Desjardins","doi":"10.3368/aa.59.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.59.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> How archaeologists classify and categorize artifacts has the potential to direct and bias interpretations before analysis has taken place. A clear example of this phenomenon in arctic archaeology is the analysis of material culture classified as “art” attributed to premodern Tuniit peoples (Late Dorset Paleo-Inuit, ca. AD 500–1300). Often, analyses of Tuniit art pieces are restricted by the use of customary typologies that can impose modern assumptions of how Tuniit groups would have perceived their material culture. In this study, we address this problem by focusing not on the meaning embodied in the finished objects but on the identification of decision-making patterns of the object carvers and users as reflected through microscopic traces of manufacture and use. We argue that through such trace-focused observation, certain newly observed patterns may suggest greater diversity in decision-making processes (with regard to manufacture and use) than would be suggested by traditional typological grouping alone. This work has wide-ranging implications for how arctic archaeologists approach artifact classification and typological organization.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Early Inuit Workshop at aQassi, a Men’s House, Nuulliit, Northwest Greenland 格陵兰岛西北部努利特的阿卡西男装屋的早期因纽特人工作室
4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.59.1.3
Asta Mønsted, Martin Appelt, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Claire Houmard, Antoine Zazzo, Sophie Cersoy, Olivier Tombret, Bjarne Grønnow
{"title":"An Early Inuit Workshop at a<i>Qassi</i>, a Men’s House, Nuulliit, Northwest Greenland","authors":"Asta Mønsted, Martin Appelt, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Claire Houmard, Antoine Zazzo, Sophie Cersoy, Olivier Tombret, Bjarne Grønnow","doi":"10.3368/aa.59.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.59.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent excavations in northern Greenland at the early Inuit site, Nuulliit, belonging to the Ruin Island Phase of the Thule culture, included a settlement area in front of House 30, a turf house ruin originally investigated by Holtved in 1947. A discussion of the interpretation of the feature as a qassi (a men’s house) is presented, and analyses of the spatial distributions of waste, tools, and preforms show that the area in front of the qassi served mainly as a workshop, where repair, recycling, and discard of hunting gear and tools took place. Walrus ivory tools, soapstone vessels, and blades of meteoric iron were produced. Training apprentices was an integral part of the activities, and small seals and birds were consumed in the workshop area. The workshop mainly dates to the 14th century AD. Norse iron was found, and a reevaluation of radiocarbon dates leads to a discussion of the early Inuit expansion into Greenland.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135299001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wrapping the Body 包裹正文
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.218
Peter Whitridge
{"title":"Wrapping the Body","authors":"Peter Whitridge","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.218","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Miniature bodies performed multiple roles in past Inuit societies, as dolls, ornaments, personal amulets, and an assortment of magico-ritual devices. A particular genre of faceless, stub-armed wooden figurine is identical to those historically dressed in hide clothing and used primarily as girls’ playthings and, although reasonably common on Inuit sites, they have attracted relatively little archaeological attention. The figural overlap of dolls with other Inuit miniatures is meaningful and points to their wider social and discursive connectivity: dolls were manufactured by adults, didactically clothed by adult seamstresses and older girls, and animated in younger children’s imaginative play. Iconic constituents of a social technology of the body, dolls were tiny but richly vascularized ontobodies that were put to work in core cultural narratives regarding age, gender, selfhood, and the life course.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zooarchaeological Analysis of a Late Holocene Multicomponent Village Site near Shaktoolik, Norton Sound, Alaska 阿拉斯加诺顿湾Shaktoolik附近一个全新世晚期多组分村庄遗址的动物考古分析
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.154
Jason I. Miszaniec, C. Darwent, John Darwent, K. Eldridge
{"title":"Zooarchaeological Analysis of a Late Holocene Multicomponent Village Site near Shaktoolik, Norton Sound, Alaska","authors":"Jason I. Miszaniec, C. Darwent, John Darwent, K. Eldridge","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.2.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artifact and settlement data suggest that precolonial subsistence strategies in northwestern Alaska went through an economic transition with increased importance placed on local fish and small game between AD 1400 and AD 1500. From a North American Arctic perspective, this process has been defined as “regionalization.” Here, we present results from a zooarchaeological analysis of over 31,700 faunal remains from the Shaktoolik Airport Site (NOB-072), a large multicomponent precolonial village site adjacent to the Native Village of Shaktoolik in Norton Sound, Alaska. Faunal specimens were derived from 1/4-inch (6.35-mm) screened and bulk sediment samples taken from midden deposits generated during two distinct archaeological or cultural phases from AD 1280 to the mid-1800s: 1) Nukleet, a regional variant of the Western Thule culture, and 2) three chronological periods associated with precolonial Yup’ik occupations. Comparison among archaeological deposits indicates that faunal assemblage composition varies spatially across the site and likely represents discrete seasonal activity areas. Faunal remains from bulk sediment samples also highlight the importance of small forage fish and shellfish, further emphasizing the need for sampling sites using fine-mesh screening. Based on our analysis, precolonial Yup’ik subsistence strategies diversified around AD 1500, coinciding with a broader regionalization trend. This shift may have been in response to the onset of the Little Ice Age (AD 1500–1850), but it could also have been in response to demographic pressure from increased regional populations.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47996839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Bear Trap 捕熊器
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.200
Matthew J. Walsh, Daniel F. Carlson, Pelle Tejsner, Steffen Thomsen
{"title":"The Bear Trap","authors":"Matthew J. Walsh, Daniel F. Carlson, Pelle Tejsner, Steffen Thomsen","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.2.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A dry-stone structure known as the Bear Trap—“Bjørnefælden” in Danish and “Putdlagssuaq” (The Great Trap) in the local Greenlandic Kalaallisut—is a unique and enigmatic feature on the Arctic landscape of the Nuussuaq Peninsula in northwestern Greenland. Despite its suggestive name, the intended function of the Bear Trap has been the subject of scholarly debate since 1740. Here we present new findings on the Bear Trap, update the archaeological context of the site and its surroundings, and present the first three-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction of the site and its surroundings. Investigations of the Bear Trap and its surroundings during the summer of 2019 revealed previously undocumented graves in the vicinity. Based on the newly discovered graves and quantitative data extracted from the 3D models, we concur with previous scholarly speculations (e.g., Rosenkrantz 1967) that the Bear Trap was possibly used as a grave or possible cenotaph rather than as a skemma, the typical stone storage structure of the Greenland Norse. In addition, we demonstrate the use of 3D modeling to digitally preserve cultural heritage in the rapidly changing Arctic and permit remote, quantitative analysis of archaeological sites.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45023737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Late Holocene Animal Use in Southern Kamchatka 堪察加半岛南部晚全新世动物利用
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.125
Katsunori Takase, M. Eda, M. Etnier, A. I. Lebedintsev
{"title":"Late Holocene Animal Use in Southern Kamchatka","authors":"Katsunori Takase, M. Eda, M. Etnier, A. I. Lebedintsev","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study purposed to reveal animal use in southern Kamchatka by examining the largest archaeofaunal collections recovered by Tamara M. Dikova and Nikolai N. Dikov. Radiocarbon dates of charcoal and caribou antler demonstrated that materials for this study were dated during the past 1,600 years, including three cultural periods: Nalychevo Culture (the 15–19th centuries AD), Tar’ya Culture (the mid-first millennium AD), and the intermediate period between them (the early second millennium AD). The taxonomical distribution suggested the significance of true seals and caribou as hunting games. Various roles of sites around Cape Lopatka for seasonal hunting, trade, and manufacturing bone tools were inferred based on bone composition. Caribou antlers, drift whale carcasses, and long bird bones were important materials for making bone tools. The first example of wolf eel and Steller’s sea cow remains associated with archaeological sites on the Siberian side of the North Pacific were also reported.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It Was Not a Whale, but a Strange Monster” "那不是鲸鱼，而是一个奇怪的怪物"
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.105
Colton Brandau
{"title":"“It Was Not a Whale, but a Strange Monster”","authors":"Colton Brandau","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the mid-18th century, Qikertarmiut spotted “a giant whale” offshore Qikertaq [Kodiak Island]. Upon closer examination, however, they realized this creature held a Russian fur expedition. Over the next few months, Russians and Qikertarmiut fought, survived, and traded, which Elder Arsenti Aminak recounted to Henrik Holmberg in 1851. His testimony detailed important events from these first interactions but also involved knowledges concerning Qikertarmiut seasonal relations and storytelling practices. The kiak [summer] season influenced Qikertarmiut to view the arriving Russians through oceanic perspectives. In uksuaq [autumn], violence, either to remove intruders from beaches or to facilitate easier sea-mammal-fur extractions, shaped relations. During uksuq [winter], Russian ignorance of surviving on Qikertaq led to deaths and thefts from Qikertarmiut villages. By ugnerkaq [spring], Qikertarmiut engaged in trade with the Russians before the latter departed the island. Aminak’s remembrances displayed a relational Qikertarmiut social world not often discussed, which exceeded and persisted through Russian colonialism.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interpreting Prehistoric Labor North and South of the Forager-Agricultural Frontier in Central Fennoscandia, Northern Europe 解读北欧芬诺斯坎迪亚中部觅食农业边疆的南北史前劳动力
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.1.34
A. Hakonen
{"title":"Interpreting Prehistoric Labor North and South of the Forager-Agricultural Frontier in Central Fennoscandia, Northern Europe","authors":"A. Hakonen","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The prehistory of Fennoscandia is characterized by a split of the north and south into what is commonly interpreted as forager and agricultural subsistence contexts. The cultural divergence between the two took place in the region over the span of 4,000 years. This article focuses on analyzing products indicative of extrasubsistence labor, which signify distinct-yet- comparable activities in the divergent regional contexts. The activities are studied by interpreting the production processes of the most common types of pertinent archaeological remnants and interpreted through two attributes: labor intensity and expertise. The combined analysis reflects the differences between the two regional material records while also indicating different logic related to the persistence of labor activities. This difference in logic is interpreted with a framework pertaining to worldview differences between subsistence production and subsistence procurement. Beginning from the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, communities in the southern context are argued to have adopted aspects of an ideology of production. These communities maintained and strengthened their labor efforts in the long term. Contrastingly, in the northern zone, several phases of the decline of labor-related activities can be discerned in the long-term prehistory when labor roles were completely reorganized or abolished. The difference may be due to an ideological separation between the two contexts concerning nonsubsistence-related work and the associated issue of social organization.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45304837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Alutiiq Ancestors’ Use of Birds During the Ocean Bay Period at Rice Ridge (49-KOD-363), Kodiak Island, Alaska 阿拉斯加州科迪亚克岛稻岭洋湾时期高海拔祖先对鸟类的利用(49-KOD-363)
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.1.1
M. Moss, A. Shannon, B. Falconer, S. Blumenthal, Jensen Wainwright, E. McGuire, Molly R. Casperson
{"title":"Alutiiq Ancestors’ Use of Birds During the Ocean Bay Period at Rice Ridge (49-KOD-363), Kodiak Island, Alaska","authors":"M. Moss, A. Shannon, B. Falconer, S. Blumenthal, Jensen Wainwright, E. McGuire, Molly R. Casperson","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rice Ridge (49-KOD-363) is a deeply stratified archaeological site on Kodiak Island, Alaska, with well-preserved faunal remains from three occupations dating to the Ocean Bay tradition. The site contained an extensive bird-bone assemblage analyzed here for the first time. Casperson (2012) studied bird bones from Mink Island (49-XMK-030), also located in Alutiiq/Sugpiaq territory, and found that birds played important roles in the lifeways of Ocean Bay groups, even though these people have been portrayed as primarily dependent on marine mammals and fish. At Rice Ridge, cormorants, ducks, murres, and geese (among other birds) were vitally important to Alutiiq ancestors, especially during the winter. The relative abundance of birds differs across the three occupations at Rice Ridge, although these differences resist easy explanation. What is clear is that Alutiiq ancestors consumed birds as food and also processed quantities of bird skins for clothing that was crucial to their survival.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tales and Traditions of the Nganasans 亚那人的故事和传统
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.1.80
Boris O. Dolgikh, Alexander B. Dolitsky, J. D. McMahan, H. N. Michael
{"title":"Tales and Traditions of the Nganasans","authors":"Boris O. Dolgikh, Alexander B. Dolitsky, J. D. McMahan, H. N. Michael","doi":"10.3368/aa.58.1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.1.80","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Boris Osipovich Dolgikh became established as an ethnographer while working as an enumerator for the 1926-27 Russian census (Savolskul 2004). He was especially interested in the peoples of the Samoyedic linguistic group, the Entsy and Nganasans, as well as the ethnogenesis of northern peoples, clan, and tribal composition at the time of first Russian contact and the evolution of clan-tribal structure. During the 1960s and 1970s, he systematically studied the Nganasans (Kistova et al. 2019). Although he is one of the best-known ethnographers of Siberian cultures, his works are poorly known to English-language anthropologists. The Nganasans, native to the Taymyr Peninsula, are recognized by the Russian Federation as one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Far North. This article, based on Dolgikh’s introduction published posthumously in the Skazki i predaniya nganasan [Tales and Traditions of the Nganasans] (Dolgikh 1976), is edited and adapted by the editors as a separate scholarly English edition.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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