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Late Precontact and Protohistoric Glass Beads of Alaska 阿拉斯加晚期前接触期和原历史时期的玻璃珠
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.2.69
M. Grover
{"title":"Late Precontact and Protohistoric Glass Beads of Alaska","authors":"M. Grover","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"Glass trade beads are tiny packets of information that are commonly misunderstood by archaeologists. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that they were introduced to Alaska before contact through existing indigenous trade networks. This study identifies a pattern of bead types from the precontact or protohistoric in western and northern Alaska. Green-, clear-, and gray-centered red varieties (Type IVa) were introduced into the Bering Strait region during the historic period, probably during the 19th century. However, large wound pale blue, turquoise, or white glass beads (Type WIb) were reported in the late precontact to protohistoric range. Another characteristic of glass beads during this period was split, or half beads. These early bead types were quickly integrated into existing socioeconomic systems and material culture, so much so that by 1791, glass beads were valued commodities.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.2.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Douglas W. Veltre: A Life in Aleutian Anthropology 道格拉斯·威尔特:《阿留申人类学的一生》
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.3368/AA.53.2.1
D. Yesner
{"title":"Douglas W. Veltre: A Life in Aleutian Anthropology","authors":"D. Yesner","doi":"10.3368/AA.53.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/AA.53.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The professional career of Dr. Douglas Veltre spans a 45-year period of dedication to Aleutian anthropology, beginning with a mutual field experience on Umnak Island in 1971, and continuing to the present day. That career has utilized a combination of techniques deriving from archaeology (both precontact and postcontact), as well as from ethnohistory, oral history, and ethnography, to achieve a deeper understanding of the relationship of the Unangax̂ (Aleut) and their ancestors to the north Pacific environment of the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands. In the process, he has not only greatly expanded our knowledge about the history of human occupation of these islands, but has linked that history to the contemporary people, survivors of 8,000 years of environmental challenges, of impacts of 18th–19th century colonialism, and of more recent cultural transformations.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/AA.53.2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Birds in the Subsistence Practices of the Dorset Peoples of Nunavik 鸟类在努那维克多塞特人的生存实践中的作用
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/AA.53.1.69
H. Monchot, Andrea Thompson, Benjamin Patenaude, Claire Houmard
{"title":"The Role of Birds in the Subsistence Practices of the Dorset Peoples of Nunavik","authors":"H. Monchot, Andrea Thompson, Benjamin Patenaude, Claire Houmard","doi":"10.3368/AA.53.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/AA.53.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"The Dorset sites of Tayara (KbFk-7) and KcFs-2 have yielded a rich assemblage of common eider duck (Somateria mollissima) and thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia). This study examines the role of birds and treatment of avian remains in the subsistence practices of Paleoeskimo groups along the southern coast of the Hudson Strait through the analysis of element representation, patterns of breakage, and bone-surface modifications. Our results demonstrate that although birds played a secondary role when compared with marine and terrestrial mammals, their economic importance cannot be understated.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/AA.53.1.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Fish or Reindeer? The Relation between Subsistence Patterns and Settlement Patterns among the Forest Sami 鱼还是驯鹿?森林萨米人生存方式与定居方式的关系
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.22
G. Norstedt, L. Östlund
{"title":"Fish or Reindeer? The Relation between Subsistence Patterns and Settlement Patterns among the Forest Sami","authors":"G. Norstedt, L. Östlund","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The subsistence patterns of the Sami of northern Fennoscandia in early modern times are poorly understood. In this study, we use a map from AD 1671 of a Swedish forest-Sami district in order to explore the subject. The map includes 38 summer settlement symbols, all placed close to rivers and lakes. We compare this settlement pattern with ethnographic descriptions of forest-Sami groups and find that it is consistent with a fish-centered subsistence pattern but not with a reindeer-centered one. In literature, the Sami of Sweden are generally said to have transitioned from a hunting economy to reindeer pastoralism, while fishing has been seen as a supplementary subsistence mode. Since fishers tend to differ from hunters and herders in terms of social organization and sedentism, it is important to consider the possibility of a fish-centered subsistence pattern when discussing arctic and subarctic societies.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69573962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Do You Have Any Particular Favorite Place? Hunters’ and Anglers’ Secrets Meet Tourism in Northern Norway 你有特别喜欢的地方吗?猎人和垂钓者的秘密在挪威北部与旅游业相遇
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.58
Gaute Svensson
{"title":"Do You Have Any Particular Favorite Place? Hunters’ and Anglers’ Secrets Meet Tourism in Northern Norway","authors":"Gaute Svensson","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"Secrecy constitutes a vital part of hunters and anglers social life in northern Norway. This article explores how we can understand secrecy and how this is challenged by tourism. Hunters’ and anglers’ secrets are, despite a protectionist trait, part of a practice where knowledge is contested, shared, and even stolen. Secrecy as a norm is therefore constructed with reference to both protected and shared secrets. This article suggests that we must look at the secrets shared in order to understand secrecy as a norm. However, tourism represents a different premise for sharing secrets. An increasing demand for guide services that includes knowledge about locations and techniques that give harvests and catch raises questions about how local practices are affected by tourism. The data presented in this article is anchored in a social anthropological research tradition with qualitative data collected mainly through participant observation and interviews.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Language Has a Spirit: Sakha (Yakut) Language Ideologies and Aesthetics of Sustenance 语言有精神:萨哈(雅库特)语言意识形态与生存美学
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.95
Jenanne Ferguson
{"title":"Language Has a Spirit: Sakha (Yakut) Language Ideologies and Aesthetics of Sustenance","authors":"Jenanne Ferguson","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.95","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the Soviet period, usage of the Sakha (Yakut) language has become once again more widespread in its usage in both the public and private spheres in the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia. Language ideologies that circulated in the Soviet era focused on the rodnoi iazyk (Russian: native language); this paper examines the contact and interplay of these ideologies with indigenous Sakha beliefs about the nature of language and the reciprocal relationship between a speaker and their language(s), which involves mutual sustenance and protection. The concept of agency in language is discussed, in light of both the belief in the agentive powers possessed by the tyl ichichite (Sakha: spirit of language), and in terms of how bilingual Sakha-Russian speakers make choices about their communicative practices in terms of style and register, which has repercussions for the sustainability of the Sakha language as a whole.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.95","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Halibut Use on the Northwest Coast of North America: Reconciling Ethnographic, Ethnohistoric, and Archaeological Data 大比目鱼在北美西北海岸的使用:调和民族志、民族历史和考古资料
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.37
T. Orchard, R. Wigen
{"title":"Halibut Use on the Northwest Coast of North America: Reconciling Ethnographic, Ethnohistoric, and Archaeological Data","authors":"T. Orchard, R. Wigen","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), though of varying importance to First Nations across the Northwest Coast of North America, was a particularly important resource for the Haida, Tlingit, Nuu-chah-nulth, and Makah living on the exposed outer coast of the region. The dietary importance and scale of halibut use, however, are difficult to determine due to seemingly inconsistent ethnographic, ethnohistoric, and archaeological accounts. Among the Haida and Makah, ethnographic descriptions highlight the importance of both halibut and salmon; early historic accounts mention halibut repeatedly, but only rarely mention salmon; while archaeological data point to a high abundance of salmon, and reveal only low, though persistent, quantities of halibut. Drawing on examples from Haida and Makah territories, this paper examines these various lines of evidence and explores possible biases that account for the differences in the importance and relative abundance of salmon and halibut that they reflect. We aim to compare these variable sources of data to gain greater insight into the nature of halibut use throughout the Late Holocene on the Northwest Coast.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69573979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Identifying Challenges and Opportunities for Residents in Upernavik as Oil Companies are Making a First Entrance into Baffin Bay 随着石油公司首次进入巴芬湾，乌佩纳维克居民面临的挑战和机遇
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.84
A. M. Hansen, Pelle Tejsner
{"title":"Identifying Challenges and Opportunities for Residents in Upernavik as Oil Companies are Making a First Entrance into Baffin Bay","authors":"A. M. Hansen, Pelle Tejsner","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.84","url":null,"abstract":"The oil industry is making its first entrance offshore in Baffin Bay in a time where Inuit residents on the northwest coast of Greenland are struggling to uphold a traditional way of living. The operating oil companies are encouraged by the Government of Greenland to promote a high degree of local content in projects to secure benefits to residents in affected areas. However, a prerequisite to a high degree of local content is local interest to engage in these activities. This article presents findings from recent interviews on these topics with residents (Upernavimiut) in the Upernavik district. It is found that securing a high degree of local content in oil projects in the area requires both strategic investments and legislative adjustment and that a general vision for the area from the central administration could serve as a useful point of departure for social impact assessments by the operating companies.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The Morris Bay Kayak: Analysis and Implications for Inughuit Subsistence in the Pikialarsorsuaq Region 莫里斯湾皮艇:对Pikialarsorsuaq地区因纽特人生存的分析与启示
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.53.1.1
Matthew Walls, P. Knudsen, Frederik Larsen
{"title":"The Morris Bay Kayak: Analysis and Implications for Inughuit Subsistence in the Pikialarsorsuaq Region","authors":"Matthew Walls, P. Knudsen, Frederik Larsen","doi":"10.3368/aa.53.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present results from a project to reanalyze the Morris Bay Kayak, which was discovered by Lauge Koch in Washington Land, northwest Greenland in 1921. This reanalysis is significant because the role of kayak hunting in Inughuit origins, development, and cultural transitions is poorly understood. Indeed, the subject is complicated by the apparent loss of the technology sometime before the 19th century. We reconstruct the Morris Bay Kayak’s frame, examine its life history, compare the structural fragments and associated tools to regional assemblages, and model the skills through which it would have been used. This analysis follows a recent report (Walls et al. 2015) where we presented new radiocarbon dates from the Morris Bay Kayak and proposed that it represents a tradition of kayaking that was practiced until shortly before the colonial period. Here, we expand on this position, and consider what the suite of skills, practices, and pattern of life that the Morris Bay Kayak represents demonstrates about the long-term relationship between Inuit communities and the unique ecology of the Pikialarsorsuaq region.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.53.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69573899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Early Cereal Cultivation at Sámi Settlements: Challenging the Hunter–Herder Paradigm? Sámi定居点的早期谷物种植:对猎人-牧人模式的挑战?
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Arctic Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.3368/aa.52.2.57
I. Bergman, G. Hörnberg
{"title":"Early Cereal Cultivation at Sámi Settlements: Challenging the Hunter–Herder Paradigm?","authors":"I. Bergman, G. Hörnberg","doi":"10.3368/aa.52.2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.52.2.57","url":null,"abstract":"It has been generally accepted that cultivation in northernmost Sweden was intrinsically associated with the migration of Nordic farmers into the area and that indigenous Sámi societies followed purely hunter-gatherer or pastoralist subsistence strategies. In this paper, it is argued that the discursive connotations of cultivation have promoted a dichotomy between Sámi and Swedish idioms that are still being reproduced among scholars, as well the general public. Recent palynological findings in pollen records challenge prevailing views on the time, course, and cultural context of the introduction of (cereal) cultivation and call for a redefinition of traditional Sámi subsistence, as well as for a decolonization of the cultivation concept.","PeriodicalId":45997,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aa.52.2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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