History and Technology最新文献_第4页

Manufacturing hands: robot fingers and human labour in post-war Japan 制造业之手:战后日本的机器人手指和人类劳动力

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2129279

Yulia Frumer

{"title":"Manufacturing hands: robot fingers and human labour in post-war Japan","authors":"Yulia Frumer","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2022.2129279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2022.2129279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that automation engineering in 1960s Japan was rooted in colonial attitudes towards human labour, which were tacitly present in Japan even decades after its defeat in World War II. I make this argument by examining the development of Japan’s first modern robot, a three-fingered mechanical hand designed by Tokyo University graduate student Yamashita Tadashi in 1963. Exploring Yamashita’s methods, the data he relied on, and the literature he drew inspiration from reveals that his design was modelled on human hands. Yamashita and his contemporaries were influenced by colonial assumptions about labour. Specifically, they accepted a tacit division of workers into two kinds: the engaged and cherished Japanese citizen; and the hardy, silent, colonial subject to whom fell the most dangerous and undesirable work. As Yamashita worked to make an autonomous and versatile robot, he recast its image as an engaged and cherished worker, paving the way for the Japanese reconceptualization of robots as friends. Retracing Yamashita’s process of making a robotic hand thus reveals that the automation of labour is predicated on the perceptions of humans whose labour robots are intended to replace.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"239 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82978625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making history: technologies of production and the estate of knowledge in East Asia 创造历史:东亚的生产技术和知识遗产

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2159132

V. Seow, D. Schäfer

引用次数: 0

Disaster (continued): Sewol Ferry investigations, state violence, and political history in South Korea 灾难(续):世越号调查、国家暴力和韩国政治史

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2094700

C. Jeon, S. Knowles, Sang-Eun Park

{"title":"Disaster (continued): Sewol Ferry investigations, state violence, and political history in South Korea","authors":"C. Jeon, S. Knowles, Sang-Eun Park","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2022.2094700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2022.2094700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Special Investigation Commission on the 4/16 Sewol Ferry Disaster offers a case in which the process of disaster investigation becomes a part, even a continuation, of the disaster for which it is created to bring closure. Placing the investigation in a longer temporality reveals obscured historical factors that shaped the investigation and its aftermath in surprising and crucial ways. Throughout the highly politicized process of deciding to investigate, what and whom to investigate, and how, disaster investigations can exacerbate the complexity of the disaster and the suffering of the victims and their families. What seems at first a technical and straightforward problem often turns out to be historically rooted and deeply contentious. In the case of the Sewol Ferry Disaster investigations, the process of creating an independent commission in a polarized political milieu unexpectedly formed a venue for evoking, drawing on, and re-experiencing state violence across generations. The Sewol Commission was modeled after earlier truth and reconciliation commissions in Korea, whose focus on individual ‘cases’ of political violence shaped how the Sewol investigation was conceptualized. As it turned out, the closure of the Sewol Commission closed nothing but the commission itself; the tragedy of the Sewol lingered.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"84 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85016220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

‘Sovereignty of the air’: The Indian princely states, the British Empire and carving out of air-space (1911–1933) “空中主权”:印度土邦、大英帝国与空域分割(1911-1933)

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2079370

P. Mirza

{"title":"‘Sovereignty of the air’: The Indian princely states, the British Empire and carving out of air-space (1911–1933)","authors":"P. Mirza","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2022.2079370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2022.2079370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Who owns the skies? Under British colonialism, the ownership of the skies of India was a contested matter. The onset of aviation presented a challenge to the territorial understanding between the British and semi-sovereign Indian princes, Paramountcy (1858–1947). Technology itself was a tricky area: roadways, railways, telegraphs, and the wireless were nibbling away at the sovereign spheres which Paramountcy had put in place. This paper looks at the history of aviation in princely India, from aviation enthusiasts such as the rulers of Kapurthala, Jodhpur and Bikaner to subversive princes like the Maharaja of Patiala who worked towards a military air force. The paper tracks the three stages of the journey of aviation in princely India, from individual consumption, to the historical context of World War One which aided its access and usage, and finally, the collective princely legal assertion over the vertical air above them in the position, ‘sovereignty of air’. The government’s civil aviation policy in India remained ambiguous about the princes’ rights over the air till 1931 when their sovereignty of the sky was finally recognised. The paper focuses on the Indian princes varied engagement with aviation, modernity and their space in the world.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"62 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79718302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The training in France of Spanish nuclear personnel, c. 1950s–1990s 约1950 - 1990年在法国培训西班牙核人员

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2076402

Esther M. Sánchez Sánchez

引用次数: 0

About the Cover 关于封面

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2101831

A. Slaton, Tiago Saraiva

引用次数: 0

Turning DDT into ‘Didimac’: Making insecticide products and consumers in British farming after 1945 把DDT变成“Didimac”:1945年后英国农业生产杀虫剂产品和消费者

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2085492

Sabine Clarke, T. Lean

{"title":"Turning DDT into ‘Didimac’: Making insecticide products and consumers in British farming after 1945","authors":"Sabine Clarke, T. Lean","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2022.2085492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2022.2085492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the adoption of DDT and other insecticides in British farming after 1945 to consider the notion that new synthetic insecticides were taken up rapidly. It shows that the uptake of chemical insecticides during the 1940s and 1950s was slower in many agricultural sectors than accounts have often suggested, and slower than the uptake of other agrochemicals, such as herbicides. Importantly, this paper shows that the extent of use before 1965 varied a great deal according to crop or farming sector and also according to the type of insecticide product. Historians have not sufficiently engaged with the fact that farmers did not purchase the raw chemicals, DDT or BHC, they bought insecticide products – a diverse range of formulations for spraying, dusting or the treatment of seeds. This paper shows how the adoption of insecticidal products on a large scale in the post-war period resulted from various types of work by business and government. The very close relationship between state and business gained its legitimacy from its location in a historical moment in which greater output and efficiency in farming had become a national goal.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"31 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85400609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Wind power and rural modernization: wind-powered water supply systems in northern Germany and southern France, 1880–1950 风力发电和农村现代化:德国北部和法国南部的风力供水系统，1880-1950

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2033388

Nicole Hesse

引用次数: 2

Eliminating fossil fuels: Iceland’s transition from coal and oil to geothermal district heating, 1930–1980 消除化石燃料:冰岛从煤炭和石油到地热区域供热的转变，1930-1980

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2033386

Odinn Melsted

引用次数: 1

Lessons from a forgotten fuel: assessing the long history of alcohol fuel advocacy and use in the United States 被遗忘的燃料的教训:评估美国酒精燃料倡导和使用的悠久历史

IF 1.2 1区历史学

History and Technology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2022.2026134

Jeffrey T. Manuel

引用次数: 0