Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"On Moderate and Radical Government Whistleblowing: Edward Snowden and Julian Assange as Theorists of Whistleblowing Ethics","authors":"P. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.2014847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.2014847","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Government whistleblowers are those who disclose classified government documents in violation of the law but do so to bring to light serious government wrongdoing. Scholarly debates have identified various procedural requirements for whistleblowing, and this paper expands upon these insights by providing an account of Edward Snowden’s moderate theory and Julian Assange’s radical theory of government whistleblowing ethics. Through the practice of ethical listening, this essay places Snowden and Assange into conversation with academic theories of government whistleblowing. By including the previously neglected voices of real-world government whistleblowers and their publishers, this paper provides a more dynamic understanding of whistleblowing’s procedural requirements, interrogates the ethical paradigms of whistleblowers, and shows that different theories of government whistleblowing depend upon a wide range of assumptions about audience, professionalism, and ultimate aims.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81040243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global Perspective on Ethics: New Resources for Teaching and Discussing Media Ethics and Journalism Ethics","authors":"K. Berg","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.2020257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.2020257","url":null,"abstract":"It is rare to have two edited volumes on media ethics published within a month of each other. Yet, The Routledge Companion to Journalism Ethics and the Handbook of Global Media Ethics were both released in fall 2021. Combined, they offer a comprehensive analysis of the state of global media ethics along with a global perspective on journalism ethics. A handful of authors have pieces in both books, which speaks to their expertise in the field of ethics. It should be noted that Patrick Plaisance, editor of Journal of Media Ethics, wrote a chapter on moral psychology in media for the Handbook, and I wrote a chapter on fake news and public trust in journalism for The Routledge Companion to Journalism Ethics. There is no doubt that both volumes make major contributions to the fields of media ethics and journalism ethics, and each will continue to inspire future scholars, students, and practitioners to be mindful, and sometimes critical, of how ethics plays out in theory and practice in contemporary society. After taking a deep dive into both books, I will be editing my graduate ethics syllabus to include multiple chapters from each book. Ward, S. J. A. (Ed.). (2021). Handbook of global media ethics. Springer.In the Handbook on Global Media Ethics, Stephen J. A. Ward, professor emeritus and Distinguished Lecturer on Ethics at the University of British Columbia, brings together a collection of entries that results in one of the first comprehensive research and teaching tools for the developing area of global media ethics. Ward worked with Prof. Clifford G. Christians, a team of seven editors, and 77 authors in dozens of countries to make this book a reality. The Handbook addresses all major approaches to global media ethics and contains contributions by leading, internationally recognized authors in the field of media ethics. According to Ward, the advent of new media that is global in reach and impact has created the need for journalism ethics that is global in principles and aims.The 70 chapters in the Handbook are divided into seven sections, each of which had editors who expertly developed their chapters, worked with authors, and wrote the section introductions. The first section, edited by Ward, sets the context for the field of global media ethics by providing 10 chapters on basic concepts and practical problems. Cliff Christians explains how section two, “contributes to the Handbook’s purpose by representing up-to-date reviews of the approaches taken to conceptual issues and to theory in global media ethics,” (p. 179). Section three tackles ethical issues presented by our ever-evolving sphere of digital and social media. Kathleen Bartzen Culver writes, “Through eight chapters covering an array of disparate technologies and questions, the section seeks to illuminate the reasoning and processes that can guide us through tumultuous times” (p. 425).The fourth section on global issues for global media was edited by Ian Richards. He notes that the list","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89647555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic Dialogical Corporate Communications in the Food Retailing Industry: The Importance of Conscious Communication in Social Networks","authors":"Susanne Veldung, Peter Kowalczyk, K. Otto","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.2014849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.2014849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conscious Communication, or Corporate Social Responsibility Communication, which is the communication about corporate engagement and activities, has received growing attention. This study analyzes the communication of two companies in the German food retailing industry: ALDI Süd and Alnatura. Quantitative data allow for an analysis of the general social media presence of the companies, user interactivity, and corporate choices with regard to social media communication. The results show that Alnatura pursues a clear and consistent communication strategy on social media. The organic food retailer boasts a strong, active, and involved fan-community and performs better than ALDI Süd in manifold categories, especially when it comes to interactivity and content. The findings concerning Instagram in particular underscore high levels of corporate engagement as well as the strong participation of users in the dialogue on sustainable topics.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91220366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We are Sorry This Video Is Not Available in Your Country’: An Ethical Analysis of Geo-blocking Audio-Visual Online Content","authors":"P. Zahrádka, R. Schmücker","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.2014850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.2014850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides an ethical analysis of the moral conflict over access to premium audio-visual online content, which is currently regulated by geo-blocking in the domain of digital film distribution. We first identify the stakeholders of this conflict, which are the rights holders on the one hand – that is, creators, producers and distributors of audio-visual content – and the consumers of audio-visual content on the other. We also identify their interests, moral rights and moral intuitions based on interviews with representatives of the interested parties and by conducting an analysis of their position papers on the Digital Single Market strategy initiatives presented by the European Commission in the years 2015 to 2018. The moral rights and legitimate interests of stakeholders are then balanced and specified. We propose four ethical principles that set out the conditions under which the geo-blocking of audio-visual content is either ethically justified or unjustified.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84658124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audience Comments and the Civic Space that Rarely Was","authors":"Ryan J. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1979979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1979979","url":null,"abstract":"As more and more news organizations shutter their comment sections, it is worth considering what they mean (or, rather, meant) to journalism and to journalists. How do we explain their demise and is this a loss worth mourning? If there is a resounding theme throughout the ample academic literature about journalists’ attitudes to comments it is that journalists never quite adopted them into their working routines. In such literature, journalists were frequently cast as the enemies of progress, whether as technological luddites unable to get to grips with emergent technologies or as turf-protecting zealots resentful of the eroding boundaries of their field. It would seem that these obstinate traditionalists simply did not grasp the ideals of the Internet as “the democratic space upon which citizens and journalists interact more porous, pluralistic, and directly representative” (Papacharissi, 2009, p. viii). Scholars, naturally, did. This utopian view of comments, and the wider digital infrastructure they represented, always seemed to me to be curiously out of step with what I was seeing in, and hearing about, actual comment sections. With academic journal article after academic journal article extolling the virtues of comment sections as spaces for citizen deliberation and press criticism, I must admit to some envy at the comment sections that the authors of these scholarly works must have been coming across. Quite unlike the comment sections I was encountering, and hearing journalists complain about, in article after article, in publication after publication. What good fortune, indeed! In what I view as a seminal review of the research about audience participation in the digital journalism literature, Peters and Witschge (2015) note a shift away from a more-or-less traditional emphasis on the duty of journalists to provide the means for citizens to participate in democracy (what they call participation through news) to an emergent duty of journalists to provide the means for citizens to participate in the journalistic process (what they call participation in news). This is an eloquent way of articulating something that is, at its core, quite troubling. How, then, do we explain journalistic resistance to comment sections? Here, I offer an analogy. Assessing the dominance of the objectivity norm in U.S. journalism, Michael Schudson (2001) notes that “explaining the articulation of a norm is part of explaining the norm” (p. 150). Rejecting economically and technologically deterministic explanations for objectivity’s emergence and hegemony, Schudson notes that objectivity has persisted – for better or for worse – because it is cloaked in a moral discourse that directs action. In other words, journalists rationalize their routines and behaviors if they view them as servicing a larger mission. It is, by now, something of a truism that the disintegration of U.S. journalism’s economic model means that journalists are perennially trying to do more with les","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73757263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Comment Sections Need Robust Resources","authors":"Ashley Muddiman","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1976646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1976646","url":null,"abstract":"I typically do not read news comments. They can be ugly and misinformed. They can decrease trust in journalists (Searles, Spencer, & Duru, 2020) and polarize reactions to news content (Anderson, Br...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72473808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment Sections and the Ethical Demands of Democracy","authors":"Scott R. Stroud","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1976644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1976644","url":null,"abstract":"The decision of some online news platforms to eliminate comment sections is both understandable and frustrating. It is understandable as one does not have to read far into comment sections to see democracy at its worst. Commenters post all sorts of things, many of which are irrelevant to the story at hand, untruthful to what many might accept as the facts of the story or situation, and hurtful or offensive to other commenters. Too much of the comment section risks being taken over by harmful and ill-informed opinion. Yet Yahoo!’s decision (and those of the other platforms pursuing similar courses of action) is ultimately disappointing because it gives up on a central tenet of democracy: the idea that we should be able to talk to other citizens about ideas that matter to our lives, and that we should engage in the project to cultivate this ability more and more through new instances of practice. This worry about Yahoo!’s decision in this case strikes at a deeper concern – the important but contested ethical demands of democratic life. The ideals of democracy consequently inform what we expect of the institution of journalism. Many discussions of democracy often focus, explicitly or implicitly, on the decision-making procedures implied by this term. How are laws made, or just decisions reached? Are all included in these procedures, or are all included in the voting that elects those who take part in these decision processes? Perhaps this notion of democracy as a decisionmaking procedure evokes the idea of an informed citizenry, leading to the entailment that media should, ideally, help create informed and knowledgeable voters or citizens. The center of gravity to democracy and its relationship to the news media, on this reading, lies in the act of informing through truthful information that matters to public decision making. There is another way into the idea of democracy, and with it, the troubles that Yahoo!’s decision portends. Taking our lead from the American philosopher John Dewey, we can start with the idea that democracy denotes a habit or way of communicating with others; given the fact that our interactions with others spread throughout the timespan of our lives and do not occur only at periodic moments of political decision making, one can see why Dewey (1988) calls democracy a “way of life.” Writing in 1939 in the shadows of an approaching world war, he notes: “I am inclined to believe that the heart and final guarantee of democracy is in free gatherings of neighbors on the street corner to discuss back and forth what is read in uncensored news of the day and in gatherings of friends in the living rooms of houses and apartments to converse freely with one another” (1988, p. 227). Why does he postulate this everyday and communicative notion of democracy? It is partially because democracy cannot be envisioned as a silent community of happy individuals; it entails noise, disagreement, laugher, persuasion, and heated utterances. Dewey’s sta","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82192562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Comment Sections: Does Taking Them Down Enhance or Hurt Dialogue in a Democracy?","authors":"Katlyn E. Williams, Bailey Sebastian","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1976645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1976645","url":null,"abstract":"Interaction is the cornerstone of the online world. Most Americans converse with known and unknown others online every day, on social media sites, blogs, and after stories on news sites. While many...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depiction of Sexual Violence in Indian Films: Viewing from and in a Man/patriarch’s World","authors":"Sudeshna Roy","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1976649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1976649","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian film’s depiction of rape and sexual violence specifically on women, can provide a glimpse into the wider Indian cultural mores seeping into the thoughts and processes that are in play du...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89054470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Brazenly Glorifying Sexual Abuse in Indian Film","authors":"Anwita Maiti, U. Singh","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1976648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1976648","url":null,"abstract":"India has witnessed an unprecedented rise in the production of movies around the theme of rape, especially after the 2012 BBC report of the horrific Gang-Rape of Nirbhaya in Delhi that shook the en...","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72682350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}