Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Moral Transgressors vs. Moral Entrepreneurs: The Curious Case of Comedy Accountability in an Era of Social Platform Dependence","authors":"S. Ödmark","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1967158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1967158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Comedy can hold political actors accountable, for instance through satire. But what kind of moral negotiation concerns comedians? Utilizing an understanding of accountability as a dynamic of interaction between media actors and the values of their audience, this study explores the concept of comedy accountability, combining qualitative interviews with case study analysis. Five ethical values central to comedy accountability are proposed: truth-telling, freedom of speech, order and cohesion, human dignity and equality, and nonmaleficence. Results show the values to be highly present both in media commentary and in the claims of comedians, with an emphasis on freedom of speech and nonmaleficence for defenders of controversial comedy, and an emphasis on human dignity and equality and nonmaleficence for protesters of controversial comedy. The negotiation of these values happens predominantly within the market frame of accountability, with defenders also using legal-regulatory and professional responsibility arguments while protesters use public responsibility arguments.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"29 1","pages":"220 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84311939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons in Media Ethics: Popular Culture, Religion and Digital Media","authors":"K. Berg","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1940772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1940772","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past year, I rarely worked in my campus office due to mitigation protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19 on our campus. When I returned in late spring, I was delighted to find two new books on media ethics in my pile of mail. Not only do I see both of these books being adopted at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in communication programs; I also see them appealing to journalists, media critics, working professionals. In Entertaining Ethics, Chad Painter and Lee Wilkins, explore how popular culture explains media ethics and the key philosophy to solid ethical thinking. The book focuses on core philosophical concepts of media ethics – truth telling, loyalty, privacy, public service, media economics, social justice, advocacy, and accountability. Painter and Wilkins use the lens of narrative film, television, and music to teach ethical lessons since many of us spend thousands of hours with popular culture. They explain, “Shakespeare and the ancient Greeks knew that if you want to tell a moral lesson and have it remembered, then embed it in a play – one that audiences are fond of seeing” (p. 173). In Ethics and Religion in the Age of Social Media: Digital proverbs for responsible citizens, Kevin Healey and Robert H. Woods, Jr. provide a critical and original take on our digital dilemmas. They explain, “To assist in the prophetic imagination of new alternatives, throughout this book, we pair a clear rejection of Silicon Valley’s catechism with specific practices, policies and products that may steer the ship in a more sustainable direction” (p. 12). Since the authors address the structural and ideological biases of current platform architectures, algorithms, user policies, and advertising models, this book is a must read for communication and media scholars and students. Painter, C. & Wilkins, L. (2021). Entertaining ethics: Lessons in media ethics from popular culture. Rowman & Littlefield. While reading Entertaining Ethics by Chad Painter, assistant professor of communication at the University of Dayton, and Lee Wilkins, professor emerita at Wayne State University in Detroit, and the University of Missouri School of Journalism, I was immediately reminded of my most memorable class as an undergraduate student at Saint Louis University. I saw myself in the classroom sitting in the front row listening to the music Dr. John Pauly was playing for us in that popular culture and communication class. We had the most interesting discussions about the intersection of popular culture (radio, TV, film, and music) and communication. While my class almost 25 years ago was not an ethics class per say, this text would have perfectly complemented our required textbooks because it explains media ethics through popular culture, including the philosophy that is key to solid ethical thinking. Each chapter focuses on a key ethical concept, anchors the discussion of that concept in a contemporary or classic yet accessible film or television show, analy","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"180 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84093088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Attitudes toward Ethical Dilemmas in News: A Survey of Student Journalists","authors":"Karyn S. Campbell, Bryan E. Denham","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1939030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1939030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this research, we surveyed 214 college journalists to assess their attitudes toward a series of ethical dilemmas. Significant predictors of a nine-item index included years enrolled in college, completion of an ethics course, ethics training as a part of student media, informal discussions about ethics in student media, number of situations calling for an ethics-related decision, familiarity with the ethics code of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), and use of that code. Of these determinants, familiarity with the SPJ code showed the strongest association with the response measure. Findings suggest that formal instruction of ethics and professional journalistic norms should continue and that students should be encouraged to gain practical experience during their college years. Additionally, data suggest the SPJ code can prove useful as a pedagogical tool and should be incorporated into both classrooms and newsrooms.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"112 1","pages":"170 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87855327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sponsorship Disclosures in Online Sponsored Content: Practitioners’ Considerations","authors":"Margot J. Van Der Goot, E. V. van Reijmersdal, Sharmaine K.P. Zandbergen","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1935962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1935962","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many consumers fail to identify online sponsored content as advertising. This is an ethical problem because consumers need to know when they are exposed to advertising so they can raise counterarguments. To enhance transparency, guidelines have been issued that prescribe sponsorship disclosures. However, the actual use of these disclosures is limited and inconsistent. To better understand this ethical practice, the aim of the present qualitative interview study is to provide an overview of practitioners’ considerations to use disclosures (or not) for online sponsored content. We conducted a qualitative interview study, in which we interviewed 18 practitioners representing four stakeholder groups. The study reveals a diverse, complex, and conflicting set of considerations categorized as follows: moral responsibility toward consumers, own business interests, and perceptions regarding disclosure guidelines. We interpret our findings in light of previous studies in which advertising professionals talked about ethics. Implications for research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"6 1","pages":"154 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79006044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nudging Children and Adolescents toward Online Privacy: An Ethical Perspective","authors":"Mariana Veretilnykova, Leyla Dogruel","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1939031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1939031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The widespread practices of data collection by third-party actors pose challenges to children’s and adolescents’ privacy when they navigate digital environments. Given that the informed-consent paradigm has largely failed in online contexts, nudging seems to be a promising alternative intervention to make internet users more privacy sensitive. At the same time, nudging faces sharp criticism, suggesting it violates various ethical values. In this paper, we present an ethical evaluation of nudges targeting children’s and adolescents’ information privacy. We identify three core ethical values that nudging potentially violates: personal autonomy, human dignity, and sustainable well-being. Focusing on personal autonomy, we then demonstrate that the autonomy of minors cannot be violated by nudging in the same way as that of adults. As a conclusion, practical implications in designing and implementing privacy nudges targeting minors are suggested.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"6 1","pages":"128 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“People are More than Just a Statistic”: Ethical, Care-based Engagement of Marginalized Publics on Social Media","authors":"Katie R. Place","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1937175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1937175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative study is to answer calls to examine social media, ethical engagement, and marginalized publics. Findings suggest that strategic communication and public relations professionals ethically engage marginalized individuals on social media by a) embodying an ethic of care emphasizing compassion and respect, b) listening with sensitivity, c) considering marginalized individuals’ unique privacy and anonymity needs, d) ensuring transparency and accuracy of messaging, and e) forging trusting relationships through an embodiment of authenticity. Ultimately, this study suggests that social media practice must continue to advance care-based ethical social media engagement of marginalized publics in ways that relate to them as unique individuals deserving of compassion and empathy – beyond mere codes of ethics or universal, duty-based philosophies.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"76 1","pages":"141 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring with the Public: An Integration of Feminist Moral, Environmental, and Political Philosophy in Journalism Ethics","authors":"Joseph Jones","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1926255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1926255","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article seeks to “contaminate” an ethics of care with three different but interrelated theoretical interventions: the expansion of the care ethic beyond interpersonal relations, ecofeminism, and feminist political theory. This makes care theoretically resilient: durable enough to have grounded meaning but flexible enough for situational application. This also makes care a primary concept capable of subsuming some aspects of the traditional ethical theories of deontology, consequentialism, and virtue ethics. This holds vast implications for journalists as they seek new ways to delineate and articulate their service to democracy in an ever-changing mediascape. Furthermore, this ethic of care engenders media literacy and enables an active public to critically question media content and influence. This theoretical explication is thus not an abstract exercise but intentionally focused to aid the difficult work of worldmaking.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"74 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75682224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charity Fundraising and the Ethics of Voice: Cancer Survivors’ Perspectives on Macmillan Cancer Support’s “Brave the Shave” Campaign","authors":"L. Gies","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1898963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1898963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT “Brave the Shave”, a campaign by the UK charity Macmillan Cancer Support, encourages people to seek sponsorship to shave off all their hair and share the event on social media. Brave the Shave has attracted fierce criticism from a group of breast cancer survivors who have made it clear that they find the campaign deeply offensive and insensitive. Despite the controversy, Macmillan is continuing with this fundraising initiative, arguing that it is financially successful and provides much-need resources for its services. Its line of defense amounts to the argument that the ends justify the means. This apparent refusal to hear and act upon the complaints forms the central focus of this article. Macmillan’s denial sits uneasily with its mission to improve the lives of cancer survivors. The case invites ethical questions around how much voice clients have, the lack of recognition for cancer survivors’ experiences and the general power deficit in the donor-recipient relationship. The article argues that a commitment to a meaningful dialogue and a willingness to be transparent with clients about campaign strategies would be a potentially important step toward avoiding offensive fundraising narratives which deny the suffering of the very people charities aim to assist.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"42 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73379766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ethics of Transparency: A Review of Corrections Language in International Journalistic Codes of Ethics","authors":"A. Appelman, K. Hettinga","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1899826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1899826","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Journalistic codes of ethics (N = 88) from 55 countries were analyzed for their discussions of errors and corrections. The sample includes codes from press councils, broadcast media outlets, newspapers, digital media outlets, radio stations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Overall, the codes were similar across countries. Most included a discussion of the error-correction process (the “how” of corrections), as well as an explanation of normative values (the “why” of corrections). Details regarding correction placement and speed were particularly common across codes. Results suggest codes that emphasize correcting harmful errors were slightly more common in the codes from countries with greater press freedom, and there was some indication that codes that provide cursory guidelines about corrections and accuracy were more likely to come from countries with less press freedom. Implications for journalists and media organizations are explored.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"97 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79738436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Boston Marathon Bombings: A Case Study in Visual Framing Ethics","authors":"D. Hunt, Gerard Jalette","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.1899825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1899825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On April 15, 2013, two bombs were ignited near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring hundreds. The news “frames” used to depict the Boston Marathon bombings have contributed to our collective interpretation of this event. This study adopts a mixed-method approach to understand the ethical nature of the news frames used to represent the bombings. First, content analytic methods were used to codify the visual framing devices employed by newspapers during the aftermath of the marathon bombings. Our content analysis indicated the most frequent image framing devices were crowd reactions and suspects, with headlines focused on the cause of the bombings. A qualitative thematic analysis was then conducted based on in-depth interviews with photojournalism experts. Our thematic analysis resulted in three key themes that guide photojournalism when covering tragic events: storytelling importance, editorial decision-making, and professional codes.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"42 1","pages":"111 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77639429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}