Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"The Healing Power of Caring, Ethical Journalism","authors":"Yayu Feng","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2090691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2090691","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a systematic review of literature that discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the hiring process. These AI applications include writing job ads, screening resumes, and analyzing video interviews. The authors reviewed 51 articles dealing with the topic, and synthesized the studies to summarize the ethical opportunities, risks, and ambiguities, and proposed ways to mitigate ethical risks in practice. Based on this review, the article identified gaps in the literature and point out moral questions that call for deeper exploration in future research.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84182380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Communicating COVID in the United Kingdom","authors":"N. Anstead","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057997","url":null,"abstract":"Like every country in the past two years, the United Kingdom has seen its fair share of COVID fake news in circulation. An early example in the first days of the pandemic was the rumor that the disease was spread by 5 G technology, a story that led to a number of masts being vandalized, significantly hampering the emergency services (Martin, 2020). A different strand of misinformation denied that COVID even existed or was far milder than had been claimed by the government. “Evidence” for views of this kind often involved videos of empty hospitals (Giles, Goodman, & Robinson, 2021), with believers arguing that the danger of the disease was being exaggerated in order to introduce draconian restrictions on personal liberty. More recently, the anti-vaccination movement has been strong enough to stage protests involving large numbers of people, some of which have led to violence, intimidating behavior and arrests (Gayle, 2021). However, the biggest challenge to public understanding and engaged debate on COVID-related issues was not necessarily posed by such blatant examples of misinformation. Instead, as academic research has shown, more significant is obfuscation in government communications and news reporting that failed to effectively contextualize the UK’s COVID response, particularly with international comparisons (Cushion, Morani, Kyriakidou, & Soo, 2021). The latter issue is particularly significant, as UK seems to have had a poor pandemic when its efforts were juxtaposed with similar countries. At the time of writing, the UK’s COVID death-rate per 100,000 people was 226.6. In France, the comparable figure was 188.4 in France and in Germany 138.9 (Financial Times, 2022). Despite his electoral success, it is hard to imagine a politician more ill-suited to the requirements of sober public health communication than Boris Johnson, a former journalist, controversialist and television panel show guest. Examples of Johnson’s communication during the pandemic included a claim that the virus would be defeated in 12 weeks in March 2020, referring to the government’s desperate quest to source emergency ventilators as “operation last gasp,” and claiming that the UK’s procurement of personal protective equipment and the effectiveness of the country’s test and trace systems were “world-beating” (they provably were not). Perhaps in an effort to counteract these weaknesses, the government made notable use of experts in its COVID communication strategy. Civil service scientific officials regularly appeared in daily pandemic press conferences with elected politicians, with some – notably England’s Chief Medical Officer Professor Chris Whitty and Deputy Chief Medical Office Professor Jonathan Van-Tam – becoming household names. In the context of the recent history of the British political communication, this was a notable development. Famously in the 2016 EU Membership referendum campaign, leave supporter and Conservative cabinet minister Michael Gove claimed tha","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Better Ways for Newsrooms to Counter COVID Misinformation in the United States","authors":"T. Kelley","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2061493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2061493","url":null,"abstract":"Nielsen (2020) reports digital content engagement rose by 215% in the U.S. alone from March 2019 to March 2020. In light of this increased traffic, newsroom and publication standards must better explain to the public how news organizations research, reporting and publish stories on big issues, especially those so prevalent like the coronavirus pandemic. Detailing the process from story idea to fruition may create safeguards at traditional and online outlets so that the lines between fact and fiction, reality and conspiracy theory aren’t blurred. The benefits of this are twofold: gaining trust with readers by being transparent and bettering the media literacy of those in the audience who don’t understand the efforts and ethics of media professionals. However, transparency is not enough. These efforts at being more open with the audience are certainly well-intended; however, research has shown that even though more consumers say they would better trust a news source if was transparent about the process, that explanation of tends to be skipped over entirely by most readers (Murray & Stroud, 2020). Tackling misinformation and disinformation while maintaining trust in an audience must be a multi-pronged approach. Journalists overuse governmental agency experts and, particularly partisan, officials to communicate efforts in the pandemic or debunk false information regarding the virus. Political researchers find “elites are capable of fostering, rather than correcting, conspiracy beliefs.” (Uscinski, Enders, & Klofstad, Seelig, Funchion, Everett, Wuchty, Premaratne, Murthi, 2020). To fact-check misleading claims or unproven information, journalists must find sources that those in their audience can trust. Leada Gore, a reporter with Alabama Media Group, told CNN’s Reliable Sources that her organization was proactive in not only having local voices explain the complexities of the virus, pandemic and vaccines, but they also sought particular questions and concerns from local readers regarding the vaccine. “ . . . we broke it down into digestible, you know, topics that allowed people to (say) ‘I’m concerned about this, what does a local doctor say?’ Because I really think we’re realizing in Alabama that that (COVID) information needs to come from the ground up as opposed to the top down.” (CNN, 2021). Finding trusted doctors who are members of the community to address such misinformation or conspiracy theories is certainly easier for those on a hyperlocal level at small-town news organizations. And data shows that trust is higher amongst community news outlets. Pew Research found that while less than half (46%) of American adults surveyed got their COVID pandemic information from local news, 50% said their local outlets get the facts right, compared to 44% of news media in general. (Shearer, 2020). Outlets must lean more into fact-checking falsehoods and inform their audiences accordingly. In the early days of the pandemic, the media needed to do a better ","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Spotlight’: Virtuous Journalism in Practice","authors":"Yayu Feng","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057996","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of virtuous journalism as demonstrated in the award-winning movie Spotlight. It analyzes Spotlight using key concepts from virtue ethics theory – arête (virtue), phronesis (practical wisdom), and eudaimonia (happiness), revealing an in-depth understanding of the regulative ideals embedded in the movie. The article discusses major virtues exemplified in the movie, journalists’ practical wisdom, and how the journalism profession can contribute to human flourishing through its professional goals. By informing a theoretically grounded understanding of the moral lessons in this movie and its values for the profession, this article also aims to benefit ethics educators.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“We All Know It’s Wrong, But…”: Moral Judgment of Cyberbullying in U.S. Newspaper Opinion Pieces","authors":"R. Young","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses the theory of dyadic morality to analyze construction of cyberbullying as a contested social issue in U. S. newspaper opinion pieces. The theory of dyadic morality posits that when we claim harm, we are motivated to identify a cause of harm and a suffering victim. This moral triangulation indicts determinants of harm and suggests preferred solutions. Analysis of U.S. opinion writing identified a tension between perception of cyberbullying as epidemic and the belief that some aggression was normative, that harm from speech was suspect, and that concern about cyberbullying was overblown. Cyberbullying served as a politically charged example of how technology is shaping adolescent social life and mental health; or how claims to victimhood are threats to free speech. Attention to moral dyad constructs in editorials and opinion pieces can help identify how competitive frames assert claims of moral validity in constructing arguments.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86812304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Promotion of Suicide: A Platform-Level Ethical Analysis","authors":"R. Cohen-Almagor, S. Lehman-Wilzig","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article utilizes Aristotelian and Kantian philosophies to probe the social responsibilities of internet intermediaries that in one way or another assist and promote suicide. Striking a balance between freedom of expression and social responsibility, it is argued that several actors should be involved in restricting or eliminating live-streaming suicide, sites that encourage and facilitate suicide, and insult forums that drive people, especially adolescents, to take their own lives. The remediating actors are: commercial social media/website owners through their moderators; voluntary, non-profit, NGO “public defenders”; internet platform providers; regulatory agencies based on legislative authority, and advertisers. Practical remedies are suggested for each of these actors, noting as well important exceptions and caveats regarding the respective solutions.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85502792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Test of Free Speech: Applying the Ethics of Care to Coverage of Snyder V. Phelps","authors":"Leslie Klein, B. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT U.S. journalists must walk a fine line when reporting on hate speech. Journalists have a vested interest in standing up for the First Amendment, which gives them the freedom to do their work. However, the legal protection that people who spew hateful rhetoric enjoy vastly outweighs any protections upon which the victims can rely. As such, dealing with hate speech in the United States is an inherently ethical issue. Applying the ethics of care to their reporting would allow journalists a clear framework with which to counter hate speech. This study examines if and how journalists used the ethics of care framework when covering the Snyder v. Phelps Supreme Court case through analysis of articles published in U.S. newspapers. Using these articles as a representative sample for the national coverage of the case, the study finds that journalists failed to consider the human impact of their reporting.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75575009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Representations and the Politics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bulgaria","authors":"M. Popova, I. Valkov","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2057313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2057313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75077347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India’s Floating Disinformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2056038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2056038","url":null,"abstract":"Viral diffusion of fake news is very significant in India with its 1.38 billion population, because it impacts how the public receives information required to make responsible, informed decisions and shape views on socio, economic, and political issues. Fake news is not a new phenomenon on Indian social media. The availability of low-cost Internet via mobile networks in India has resulted in a significant growth in the number of social media users (Banerjee, 2021). One out of six pieces of COVID information generated from India in 2020 was fake, which makes India the country for the source of most COVID misinformation. India’s unfortunate distinction as the purveyor of misinformation is tied to the higher Internet penetration rate and increasing social media consumption. India has almost 323 million Internet users, out of which 67% are urban and rest 33% are rural. Lack of media literacy remains one of the key factors in the spread of misinformation during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Sponsored Content in Hybrid Media Systems: A Proposed Alternative Journalistic Practice","authors":"Theodora A. Maniou","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2021.2014848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.2014848","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on the emerging argument that understandings of digital content comprising both editorial and advertising components require alternative cultures for critical inquiry sufficiently sensitive to the online news environment, this study assesses the professional practice of balancing news and sponsored (commercial) information while focusing on preserving traditional journalism values within the realm of reasoned discussions of media ethics. In this qualitative content analysis study, different forms of sponsored content published in global media digital platforms are examined and inductive content analysis is employed.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84541242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}