Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Consumer Perceptions of Ad Ethicality in Loot Box Promotions","authors":"K. Kelling, Samuel M. Tham","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study offers gamers’ insights to a worldwide popular loot-box game that is widely associated with gambling: FIFA. Through an ethical lens, this study looks at how gamers perceive loot-box promotions, their enduring attitudes toward the game, as well as the role of gaming addictions. A mixed-method study revealed that while gamers found loot boxes and promotions ethically questionable, gaming addiction is positively correlated with perceived ad ethicality, suggesting coping and possible cognitive dissonance.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brand Integration, Disclosure, and Ethics in Child-Targeted YouTube Videos: A Content Analysis","authors":"Eunjoo Choi","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2158829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2158829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This content analysis explores how often implicit brand integrations occur in YouTube videos that were created for child viewers. The study also investigates how often advertising disclosures appear along with the videos that include brand integration. Results indicate that brand integration occur the most often as a branded product becomes a prop or in the background (i.e. product placement), and this type of brand integration tends to have the least advertising disclosure. Brand integration with influencers actively using/interacting with the branded products in the video (i.e. product integration) followed the official advertising disclosure policy the most. Moreover, product integration was more likely to show the disclosure of advertising at the beginning and the end of the videos than product placement. The blind spot in advertising disclosure policy for implicit brand integration techniques on child-friendly YouTube channels should be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Ethics in the Digital World: Emerging Technology Concerns and Covid-19 Lessons","authors":"Yayu Feng","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2159102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2159102","url":null,"abstract":"When teaching the Internet section in the introductory class a year ago, I used to cover only Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 eras. This year, what some termed as “Web 3.0” becomes an inevitable topic. While the term is still controversial, it is clear that we are witnessing the rise of a new era marked with blockchain, cryptocurrency, and metaverse, which all bring about new concerns and challenges. Technological advancement has been fueling media ethics concerns for a long time. The ethical issues of Web 1.0 and 2.0 eras are still lingering as we discuss digital ethics, and it is already time to start thinking about what technology might bring us in the near future. This essay reviews two edited volumes that are published at the end of 2022. Ethics in the AI, Technology, and Information Age provides cutting-edge insights about the emerging ethical issues related to the advancement of digital media and technologies, and Social Media Ethics and Covid-19 offers multidisciplinary perspectives about the ethical use of social media (or the lack thereof) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These two books present helpful materials for us to think about current issues and look toward the future. Boylan, M., & Teays, W. (Eds.). (2022). Ethics in the AI, Technology, and Information Age. Rowman & Littlefield. This book is edited by two philosophy professors with an expertise in ethics: Michael Boylan from Marymount University, and Wanda Teays from at Mount Saint Mary’s University. While the book title is not explicitly tied to media ethics, most information technologies covered in this volume play important roles in media and communication industries. In the preface, the editors explained the purpose of this volume is to “promote discussion on how we might take the best from technology while avoiding possible ethical pitfalls.” This is a discussion important to media ethics when more and more information and digital technology are being used in media industries. The 20 chapters in the book are divided into three parts: theoretical background, applications, and challenges. Michael Boylan starts the book with two chapters discussing ethical reasoning and the definition of “nature.” The ethical reasoning chapter provides a detailed philosophical explanation of different views and principles about moral decision-making. The chapter on “nature” discusses this concept as a “background condition” that is fundamental to evaluate various technologies when they go against nature. Boylan outlines the ethical constraints on interfering with nature (p.25), and advocates for a “go slow” approach to technological changes. Part one of the book further discusses the relationship between humans and machines with such topics as transformative technology, which the authors define to be “technology significantly transforms existing states of affairs” (p. 35), transhumanism, which promotes technology to radically enhance human intelligence, health, happiness and longevity” (p.49), and artificia","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journalistic Self-Regulation for Equality: The Role of Gender Editing in Spain","authors":"María Iranzo-Cabrera, Mònica Figueras-Maz, Marcel Mauri-Ríos","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2158336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2158336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite journalism’s commitment to ethical principles such as accuracy, humanity and diversity, compliance with the gender perspective in content is still minimal in approximately one hundred countries. This inequality reinforces misperceptions, imbalances, and perceived differences between men and women. To address this situation, from 2010 to 2021, eight Spanish media companies appointed a new editorial position responsible for self-regulating gender equality. This qualitative study focused on 10 journalists who currently exercise or have exercised that job, to detect, describe and propose the implementation of this new professional role. This study suggests that gender editing has advanced equality in parity of sourcing and the presence of women in the opinion sections, but implementation of equality in overall content is more difficult. Gender editors’ daily work is hampered by a lack of management support and an absence of independence in editorial decisions.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90380192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of the Use of Fake Names Among Central Asian Journalists","authors":"B. Kurambayev, K. Myssayeva","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2158830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2158830","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines byline issues and journalism ethics in an Asian context, with particular focus on how journalists invent and subsequently publish articles under various non-existent authors. The study took place between April and August 2022 in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, where ethical misbehavior in journalism is normalized and academic institutions in the region fail to develop students’ ethical approach to journalism. It is well known that journalists write about politically sensitive issues under pseudonyms or other names in authoritarian contexts, but this study adds to scholarship exploring why and under what circumstances journalists in an Asian context use non-existent authors even when writing on nonsensitive and trivial matters. The findings suggest that journalists choose to and/or are forced to publish articles using multiple pseudonyms by political, economic, and individual circumstances. The findings are discussed in relation to the theory of deontological ethics.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83759372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectivity and Moral Judgment in U.S. News Narratives: A Natural Language Processing Analysis of ‘Culture War’ Coverage","authors":"Mengyao Xu, Zhujin Guo","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2159409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2159409","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using Natural Language Processing tools, the current study explores the evolution of objectivity practice in terms of attitude injection. Adopting the indicator of moral loading under the Moral Foundation Theory framework, it examined the moral judgments embedded in 20,679 culture war news articles published in five major U.S. newspapers from 1980 to 2021. Our findings revealed a distinct mixed journalistic liberal pattern and an apparent paradox in objectivity practice: the less moral judgments, the more liberal tendencies, which could be caused by journalists’ watchdog role and the increase of liberal components in U.S. democracy. We then argue that the performance of traditional objectivity has remained robust, especially when accounting for the degree to which moral judgments can be attributed to source quotations. The study contributes to the literature by bridging moral psychology and the enactment of journalistic norms, applying MFT to evaluate degrees of objectivity in news.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77977880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Show or Not to Show? The Depiction of Terror and Death in Nairobi","authors":"John-Bell S. Okoye, D. Mulé, L. Obonyo, Amugo Eric Kadenge, Laura Anyasi, Joseph N. Mule, Rajendran J. Britto","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2142124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2142124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the metajournalistic discourse reflected in the use of corpse images from the DusitD2 terror attack in Nairobi, Kenya, in January 2019. Drawing from concepts such as responsibility and resistance ethics, this study explores the viewpoints of Kenyan journalists and bloggers. Situated within qualitative research methodology, the findings suggest that the New York Times’ use of victims’ corpse images reflects a double standard and visual bias, and its defense of the news report can be considered an example of professional posturing. Conversely, sharing of perpetrators’ postmortem pictures produced mixed findings among audiences. While online circulation was blamed on bloggers’ inexperience, it was also seen as a sign of victory for the value of visual evidence. This study also contributes to the scholarship on use of graphic images by drawing on African ethical systems and just war theory.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age Differences in Moral Reasoning: An Investigation of Sponsored YouTube Videos","authors":"Jessica Castonguay, Nicole M. Messina","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2142125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2142125","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers in the area of children and advertising have been working for decades to determine exactly how children process commercial messages. While a great deal of work has focused on cognitive advertising literacy, research regarding the development of children’s moral advertising literacy is lacking. Given the popularity of social media platforms among youth today, this study examined age differences in children’s moral evaluations of product placement in a YouTube video displaying various forms of disclosures. Results revealed that more prominent disclosures are associated with greater judgments of the appropriateness of the advertising tactic, which in turn is associated with more positive evaluations of the promoted brand. While the former relationship was particularly strong among younger children, older children were more likely to consider how others and society broadly are impacted by covert advertising, resulting in more negative evaluations of the promoted brand.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85468084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When AI Breaks Audience Trust - Neville’s “Roadrunner: A Film About Anthony Bourdain”","authors":"John C. Fitch III","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2113884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2113884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As digital technology advances at a truly exponential rate, documentary filmmakers may be tempted to bypass standards of ethical conduct – like subject consent and disclosure of contrived reenactments to audiences – in favor of dramatic impact. Some may also seek to replace missing archival or historical material and manufacture seemingly authentic content with the assistance of “digital performers.” This commentary examines the use of artificial intelligence in Morgan Neville’s film, Roadrunner: A Film About Anthony Bourdain and places it within an historical context. Comparisons to Flaherty’s Nanook of the North and Kosinski’s Top Gun: Maverick highlight the importance of managing and negotiating traditional audience expectations in order to preserve the unspoken agreement between viewers and makers.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CASES AND COMMENTARIES","authors":"Ginny Whitehouse","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2149440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2149440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83197657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}