Journal of Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Building Trust and Accountability: What Journalists Can Learn from Critics and Engagement with the Public","authors":"Yayu Feng","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2227467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2227467","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the history and principles behind ChatGPT and potential ethical issues that could arise with its usage by academics and researchers. The authors placed their analysis in the broader context of AI advancements, machine learning, and natural language processing for research and scholarly publishing. They found the potential for bias in the training data and coding process the AI language models can be detrimental to science. The article discussed the ethical considerations with issues of copyright, citation practices","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"20 1","pages":"191 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82096771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics, Crisis Communication, and Gucci’s Blackface Sweater","authors":"Ginny Whitehouse","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"40 1","pages":"117 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77001294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for a Healthy Digital Public Sphere","authors":"Kalli Giannelos","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the multiple issues of the digital public sphere threaten our democracies and the cohesion of our societies, most attempts for a betterment of the digital networks and platforms revolve around a risk-response approach. This paper takes the opposite approach and develops a positive definition of the ideal ethical public sphere, combining normative features with original taxonomies. In view of defining common standards for a healthy digital public sphere, this paper offers an interdisciplinary literature review, and original recommendations, before discussing potential leverages for implementing these changes. The suggested ethical normative features derive from a positive approach to the digital public sphere, as ideal common standards. Sustained by the underlying assumption that the composite landscape of the media ecosystem and its different layers (networks, platforms, users) cannot be steered by government regulations alone, the normative (deontological) approach serves to understand and justify the need for a normative approach, to help envision new pathways for an ethical transformation.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"80 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78887738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a Code of Ethics for Influencer Marketing: The Case of the Czech Republic","authors":"Nina Ortová, Denisa Hejlová, David Weiss","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Influencer marketing is an increasingly important and ubiquitous component of strategic communication campaigns, yet one that remains ethically fraught, due largely to the nonexistence of, and objections to, ethics codes and/or regulation guiding its use or disclosure. This article describes a unique academic/industry hybrid study conducted in the Czech Republic combining (a) mixed-methods research in which marketing professionals, industry associations, influencers, and consumers served as participants and (b) a case study of the subsequent development and implementation of – and positive responses to – that nation’s first “Fair Influencer” Code of Ethics, whose content was based directly on the research findings. To date, the Code has 150 signatories, representing all constituencies of the influencer-marketing sphere, and has been lauded by Czech and Slovak consumer and media outlets as well as influencers themselves, suggesting the applicability of similar efforts in other nations where influencer marketing thrives but still lacks – and encounters resistance to – ethical or regulatory oversight.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"65 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83966658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoid Offensive Acts by Respecting Human Dignity and Growing Cultural Knowledge","authors":"Carrie La Ferle","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2194293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2194293","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about fake news, corrupt governments, and fragile economies are driving distrust across the globe along with increasing class divisions. These are the findings of the 2023 Edelman Trust Barometer which surveyed over 32,000 people across 28 countries. Nearly two thirds of the respondents observed an ‘unprecedented lack of civility and mutual respect in society” (Edelman, 2023). Should we be surprised then by companies such as Gucci promoting an offensive culturally insensitive sweater? Ironically, we should because the Trust Barometer also found business as the only institution viewed by respondents as ethical and competent (Edelman, 2023). Yet the report did warn about the increased pressure on businesses to do right by society or face “being politized when engaging in contentious issues” (Myers, 2023). The question then becomes, how can businesses rise to societal expectations, emerging as ethical forces for good, across increasingly diverse and polarized consumers? Trust is garnered by companies that behave ethically and ethical behavior in today’s world demands cultural understanding. Culture is a system of learned and shared meanings (Geertz, 1973; Hofstede, 1997). As such culture can be examined from global, national, religious, or generational lines, as well as ethnic or racial perspectives, gender orientations, or even across organizations and brands (Gudykunst, 2003). Whatever the context being examined, culture is critically important to understand because it impacts the beliefs, values, and norms of the people of interest (de Mooij, 2013; Markus & Kitayama, 1991). In the case of Gucci, we see how trust was eroded and people were hurt by the decision to produce and market the Balaclava knit top (blackface sweater). Whether consciously aware of or not to the offensive nature of the product, developing an object for profit with little regard for the origin of the idea or the deep-rooted meaning behind an image is irresponsible and unethical. What Gucci and other companies must do is to make an ethical commitment to treating people with human dignity first (Donaldson, 1996) rather than developing objects for profit with little cultural consideration. Effective communication requires advertisers to be culturally sensitive to their target audience when encoding messages because the messages are being decoded by the target with their own values, life experiences, and perspectives (de Mooij, 2013). Drawing from McGuire’s (1969) model of persuasive communication we can see the complex influence of culture on the communication process. Culture influences the creation of a message (sender’s culture), the message itself, and the context within which advertising, and communication occur (medium), as well as how recipients process the information (consumer/recipient’s culture). If a brand such as Gucci is only focused on getting the next potential product to market without investing in understanding how consumers may receive the product or m","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"23 1","pages":"120 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75419898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gucci “Wool Balaclava Jumper” Case is a Listening Failure; It Will Happen Again","authors":"Monique L. R. Luisi","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2194291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2194291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"63 1","pages":"126 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80922166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics in Fashion and Gucci’s Blackface Sweater; Will the Fashion Industry Finally Learn from Its Mistakes?","authors":"Faren Karimkhan","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2194289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2194289","url":null,"abstract":"The fashion industry has faced many criticisms of racial insensitivity in recent years. In December of 2018, luxury brand Prada was criticized for displaying merchandise and storefront figurines that resembled blackface (Bhattarai, 2020), while earlier in the same year, H&M received backlash for its’ monkey sweater (Selk, 2018). The fact that the Gucci Blackface sweater controversy occurred soon after these incidents is concerning, as it undermines the credibility of the brands’ promises to prioritize diversity and raises the question of “will the industry ever learn from its mistakes when similar controversies arise too frequently?” The problem with the Gucci Blackface sweater controversy extends beyond a mere issue of “design gone wrong.” It reveals a more profound problem within the fashion industry, and that is the lack of diversity and underrepresentation of diverse voices in decision-making positions. The design and production of high-end fashion products involve several stages of approval, from the initial concept to the final product. The fact that a product with blatantly offensive racial connotations could make it to the shelves highlights the absence of diversity within the fashion industry, which cannot be overlooked. A common response to crises around offensive products, including the response from Gucci, is acknowledging the lack of diversity. But simply hiring individuals from diverse backgrounds or having a person of color present in the room does not come close to a real and effective solution. G. B. Saunders (pseudonym), in an article on Colorlines, wrote:","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"123 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76674996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Ethically Informing Citizens About Political Conspiracies","authors":"J. Varelius","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conspiracy theorizing can sometimes have regrettable features that speak for suppressing it. Yet, given that an adequately knowledgeable citizenry is a prerequisite of a healthy democracy, the public should be informed about politically important events, including political conspiracies. In this article, I focus on the relationship between informing citizens about political conspiracies and the kind of conspiracy theorizing that arguably should be suppressed. More precisely, I maintain that informing citizens about political conspiracies threatens to lead to the kind of conspiracy theorizing there is reason to suppress, and I examine how the potential drawback ought to be dealt with. I propose that informing citizens about political conspiracies should both proceed in light of pertinent research on conspiracy theorizing and pay heed to adequate knowledge about the circumstances in which conspiracies are publicized.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"72 1","pages":"93 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83953347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Perceptions of Ad Ethicality in Loot Box Promotions","authors":"K. Kelling, Samuel M. Tham","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2023.2193948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2193948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study offers gamers’ insights to a worldwide popular loot-box game that is widely associated with gambling: FIFA. Through an ethical lens, this study looks at how gamers perceive loot-box promotions, their enduring attitudes toward the game, as well as the role of gaming addictions. A mixed-method study revealed that while gamers found loot boxes and promotions ethically questionable, gaming addiction is positively correlated with perceived ad ethicality, suggesting coping and possible cognitive dissonance.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"104 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brand Integration, Disclosure, and Ethics in Child-Targeted YouTube Videos: A Content Analysis","authors":"Eunjoo Choi","doi":"10.1080/23736992.2022.2158829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2022.2158829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This content analysis explores how often implicit brand integrations occur in YouTube videos that were created for child viewers. The study also investigates how often advertising disclosures appear along with the videos that include brand integration. Results indicate that brand integration occur the most often as a branded product becomes a prop or in the background (i.e. product placement), and this type of brand integration tends to have the least advertising disclosure. Brand integration with influencers actively using/interacting with the branded products in the video (i.e. product integration) followed the official advertising disclosure policy the most. Moreover, product integration was more likely to show the disclosure of advertising at the beginning and the end of the videos than product placement. The blind spot in advertising disclosure policy for implicit brand integration techniques on child-friendly YouTube channels should be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":45979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Ethics","volume":"22 1","pages":"34 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}