Journal of Academic Ethics最新文献_第6页

Differences in Support for Retractions Based on Information Hazards Among Undergraduates and Federally Funded Scientists 大学生和联邦政府资助的科学家对基于信息危害的撤稿支持率的差异

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-024-09505-y

{"title":"Differences in Support for Retractions Based on Information Hazards Among Undergraduates and Federally Funded Scientists","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10805-024-09505-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-024-09505-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Retractions have traditionally been reserved for correcting the scientific record and discouraging research misconduct. Nonetheless, the potential for actual societal harm resulting from accurately reported published scientific findings, so-called information hazards, has been the subject of several recent article retractions. As these instances increase, the extent of support for such decisions among the scientific community and lay public remains unclear. Undergraduates (Study 1) and federally funded researchers (Study 2) reported their support for retraction decisions described as due to misconduct, honest errors, or potential information hazards. Participants supported retraction on the former two grounds more than the latter. Despite limited support, women remained more receptive to retractions based on information hazards. Activist tendencies additionally predicted undergraduate men’s receptivity. Receptivity toward retraction due to information hazards was unrelated to scientists’ engagement in activism, suggesting that formal scientific training affords researchers an ability to separate personal and professional values in scientific discourse. Findings could inform the development of educational materials that may aid less experienced scientists and the lay public in understanding retraction ethics.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Academic Dishonesty: The Role of Psychopathic Traits, Perception of Academic Dishonesty, Moral Disengagement and Motivation 预测学术不端行为：心理变态特质、对学术不端行为的认知、道德偏离和动机的作用

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-024-09506-x

Chiara Luisa Sirca, Eva Billen

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Alexithymia as a Factor in Changing Ethical Positions: An Empirical Study on Student of University Health Services Vocational Schools in Turkey 亚历山大症是改变道德立场的一个因素：对土耳其大学卫生服务职业学校学生的实证研究

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09499-z

{"title":"Alexithymia as a Factor in Changing Ethical Positions: An Empirical Study on Student of University Health Services Vocational Schools in Turkey","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10805-023-09499-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-023-09499-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Ethical decision-making is often evaluated in the literature through deontological and teleological approaches, commonly referred to as ethical positions. Ethical decision-making requires an awareness of ethical sensitivity and ethical dilemmas. It involves understanding the emotional experiences of others and assisting them. In cases of alexithymia, where there is difficulty in understanding and expressing emotional experiences, empathy may be limited, and emotions may not be effectively used. In this research, the impact of the level of alexithymia on ethical positions in students of the School of Health Services, along with demographic variables, was evaluated. In this descriptive research using a quantitative research approach, data was obtained using the "Ethical Position Scale-EPQ" and the "Toronto Alexithymia Scale-TAS." Analysis was performed using the reliability testing, t-test, One-Way ANOVA Test, LSD multiple comparison test, and Pearson Correlation and Regression Analysis test were used. In ethical decision-making, it has been found that women are more idealistic than men, while men tend to be more alexithymic and deficient in outward thinking. As students' levels of alexithymia increase, they are determined to adopt a more relativistic approach. It has been observed that relativism increases and idealism decreases significantly among individuals with high alexithymia scores. These findings indicate that the level of alexithymia has a significant impact on ethical positions. The fact that individuals with high levels of alexithymia adopt a subjective position that is less concerned with the consequences of an action on others and resembles egoism suggests that these individuals may have difficulty in empathizing due to emotional inadequacy.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teaching Ethics in Teacher Education: ICT-Enhanced, Case-Based and Active Learning Approach with Continuous Formative Assessment 教师教育中的道德教学：信息和通信技术增强型、基于案例的主动学习法与持续形成性评估

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-024-09503-0

Ahmet Göçen, Mehmet Akın Bulut

{"title":"Teaching Ethics in Teacher Education: ICT-Enhanced, Case-Based and Active Learning Approach with Continuous Formative Assessment","authors":"Ahmet Göçen, Mehmet Akın Bulut","doi":"10.1007/s10805-024-09503-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-024-09503-0","url":null,"abstract":"The teaching of ethics in teacher education programs is crucial for fostering the moral and ethical development of prospective teachers and shaping them into ethical role models for future students. This study, employing qualitative case study research, gathered data from undergraduates in teacher education programs to explore the best approaches for ethics education. It found that combining digital and case-based pedagogical methods, fostering an open-minded attitude among lecturers, and implementing a blend of Socratic and active learning techniques leads to the most favorable outcomes. Additionally, continuous formative assessment throughout the academic year is essential. To cultivate a teaching workforce with strong ethical and moral values, undergraduate courses in ethics and morality should be thought-provoking, integrating real-life cases with a mix of digital and tangible resources. The ethics course lecturer should not only serve as a role model and exhibit a caring disposition but also use effective teaching methodologies. The paper details key themes and categories for successful ethics instruction and offers specific recommendations.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Dark Side of Online Distance Learning: Cheating Behaviours, Contributing Factors, and Strategies to Enhance the Integrity of Online Assessment 探索在线远程学习的阴暗面：作弊行为、诱因和提高在线评估完整性的策略

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09501-8

Kershnee Sevnarayan, Kgabo Bridget Maphoto

{"title":"Exploring the Dark Side of Online Distance Learning: Cheating Behaviours, Contributing Factors, and Strategies to Enhance the Integrity of Online Assessment","authors":"Kershnee Sevnarayan, Kgabo Bridget Maphoto","doi":"10.1007/s10805-023-09501-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-023-09501-8","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated cheating behaviours, contributing factors, and strategies to enhance the integrity of assessment in an online learning context. The researchers conducted an analysis of the literature on students’ motivation to cheat in online modules and noted that there is limited research on the specific reasons why students cheat in online learning contexts. To contribute to this knowledge gap, this study set out to understand cheating in two English modules with first-year second language students, in an open distance and e-learning institution in South Africa. The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate why students cheat in their online assessments, (2) to explore the contributing factors of cheating behaviours, and (3) to determine strategies to minimise cheating. Using qualitative methods such as focus group discussions with students, evaluation questions with markers, and one-on-one interviews with lecturers, the study found that cheating is a significant issue in distance education, with students admitting to various forms of cheating in online assessments. Using the social cognitive theory of moral disengagement, the study found that cognitive mechanisms motivate students to engage in unethical behaviour such as cheating. The study recommends implementing an interactive module design, lecturer training on student support, and stringent academic integrity policies to minimise cheating. There is a need for studies that explore the impact of cheating and the effectiveness of different strategies for minimising cheating and enhancing integrity in online assessment.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analysis of Research Ethical Practices Information on Universities’ Websites in Developing and Developed Countries 发展中国家和发达国家大学网站上的研究伦理实践信息分析

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09496-2

Corina Joseph, Saifulrizan Norizan, Rahmawati

引用次数: 0

Educating and Training in Research Integrity (RI): A Study on the Perceptions and Experiences of Early Career Researchers Attending an Institutional RI Course 研究诚信的教育与训练:早期职业研究人员参加机构研究诚信课程的认知与经验研究

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09497-1

Greco Francesca, Silvia Ceruti, Stefano Martini, Mario Picozzi, Marco Cosentino, Franca Marino

{"title":"Educating and Training in Research Integrity (RI): A Study on the Perceptions and Experiences of Early Career Researchers Attending an Institutional RI Course","authors":"Greco Francesca, Silvia Ceruti, Stefano Martini, Mario Picozzi, Marco Cosentino, Franca Marino","doi":"10.1007/s10805-023-09497-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-023-09497-1","url":null,"abstract":"Research integrity (RI) is defined as adherence to ethical principles, deontological duties, and professional standards necessary for responsible conduct of scientific research. Early training on RI, especially for early-career researchers, could be useful to help develop good standards of conduct and prevent research misconduct (RM).The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a training course on RI, by mapping the attitudes of early-career researchers on this topic through a questionnaire built upon the revised version of the Scientific Misconduct Questionnaire and administered to all participants at the beginning and at the end of the course.Results show that after the course, participants reporting a high understanding of the rules and procedures related to RM significantly increased (pre-course: 38.5%, post-course: 61.5%), together with the percentage of those reporting a lack of awareness on the extent of misconduct (pre-course: 46.2%, post-course: 69.2%), and of those who believe that the lack of research ethics consultation services strongly affects RM (pre-course: 15.4%, post-course: 61.5%). Early-career researchers agree on the importance to share with peers and superiors any ethical concern that may arise in research, and to create a work environment that fosters RI awareness.As a whole, results suggest the effectiveness of the course. Institutions should introduce RI training for early-career researchers, together with research methodology, integrity and ethics consultation services to support them. Senior scientists should promote RI into their research practices, and should stimulate engagement in peer-to-peer dialogue to develop good practices based on RI principles.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"675 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Mummers Farce – Retractions of Medical Papers Conducted in Egyptian Institutions 一场闹剧——埃及机构撤回医学论文

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09494-4

Rahma Menshawey, Esraa Menshawey, Bilal A. Mahamud

{"title":"A Mummers Farce – Retractions of Medical Papers Conducted in Egyptian Institutions","authors":"Rahma Menshawey, Esraa Menshawey, Bilal A. Mahamud","doi":"10.1007/s10805-023-09494-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-023-09494-4","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt currently holds the record for the most retractions in the continent of Africa according to the Retraction Watch database, and the 2nd highest of countries in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to analyse the retracted medical publications from Egyptian affiliations, in order to delineate specific problems and solutions. We examined databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar and others, for all retracted medical publications that were conducted in an Egyptian institution, up to the date of August 31st 2022. We observed for the reason(s) for retraction, number of citations of the retracted work, the length of time between publication and retraction, and where the work was published (journal, publisher and impact factor). 68 retractions were identified. Most retractions were from the speciality of Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 22), followed by Anesthesia (n = 7). The top 3 reasons for retraction were unreliable results, FFP level misconduct, and duplicate publication. The number of retractions significantly increased over the years, especially in 2022. When taking into account the number of medical publications per institution, the institute with the highest rate of retractions was Mansoura University, while the lowest rate was Cairo University. The number of retracted medical Egyptian publications continues to increase over time, although they represent a small portion of the overall body of Egyptian medical research. Future studies on retracted articles should employ a methodology that considers the institutions where the studies were conducted. This could allow a better understanding of specific problems in certain countries or regions.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"679 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Exploratory Study of Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Animals in Medical and Veterinary Medical Undergraduate Education 医兽医本科教学中学生对动物利用认知的探索性研究

IF 1.8

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09495-3

Cláudia S. Baptista, Pedro Oliveira, Laura Ribeiro

{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Animals in Medical and Veterinary Medical Undergraduate Education","authors":"Cláudia S. Baptista, Pedro Oliveira, Laura Ribeiro","doi":"10.1007/s10805-023-09495-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-023-09495-3","url":null,"abstract":"Animals are frequently utilized as a teaching-learning tool in multiple educational settings. It is, therefore, important to understand what students think about this topic, in particular medical and veterinary students as “life caregivers” and competent people for a dynamic and responsible social intervention. In this context, this research aims to characterize and disseminate a set of issues related to animal welfare/wellbeing in higher education in the North of Portugal, particularly as regards the teaching of students of the Integrated Master in Medicine (MIM) and Veterinary Medicine (MIMV). After ethical approval, a survey was delivered on paper to 180 undergraduate MIM (n = 100) and MIMV (n = 80) students. After collecting 139 questionnaires partially or fully completed, with varying response rates for each question, it was concluded that most of the students consider that animal experimentation is ethically acceptable when the benefits balance the harms and assuming that refinement of animal procedures is warranted; they also agree to the establishment, maintenance and performance of animal procedures solely for educational purposes as a way of ensuring optimal acquisition of theoretical knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and technical skills. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of teachers to explore and implement pedagogical methodologies thar are equally effective but more humane and compassionate towards sentient living beings.","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"671 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Defining Characteristics of Ethics Papers on Social Media Research: A Systematic Review of the Literature 社会媒体研究伦理论文的定义特征:文献系统综述

Journal of Academic Ethics Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09491-7

Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman, Ayushi Khemka, Andy Zhang, Geoffrey Rockwell

引用次数: 0