Journal of Academic Ethics最新文献

{"title":"An Analysis of the Perceptions of Incivility in Higher Education.","authors":"Tracy Hudgins,&nbsp;Diana Layne,&nbsp;Celena E Kusch,&nbsp;Karen Lounsbury","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09448-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09448-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to understand how incivility is viewed across multiple academic programs and respondent subgroups where different institutional and cultural power dynamics may influence the way students and faculty perceive uncivil behaviors. This study used the Conceptual Model for Fostering Civility in Nursing Education as its guiding framework. The Incivility in Higher Education Revised (IHE-R) Survey and a detailed demographic questionnaire were used to gather self-assessment and personal perspective data regarding incivility in the higher education setting. This approach aspired to collect a comprehensive perspective of incivility in higher education. With data from 400 students and 69 faculty, there was limited agreement between faculty and student participants about perceptions and experiences with incivility. Faculty and students did agree that the solution to incivility may be found with the creation of a code of conduct that defines acceptable and unacceptable behavior, role-modeling professionalism and civility, and taking personal responsibility and standing accountable for actions. Despite significant differences in participants' perceptions of incivility, they shared common solutions. With a shared goal, faculty and students can work toward cultivating civility in higher education.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 2","pages":"177-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8994519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Integrity Perceptions Among Health-Professions' Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in The Middle East.","authors":"Gomathi Kadayam Guruswami, Sabiha Mumtaz, Aji Gopakumar, Engila Khan, Fatima Abdullah, Sanjai K Parahoo","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09452-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10805-022-09452-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high level of professional integrity is expected from healthcare professionals, and literature suggests a relationship between unethical behavior of healthcare professionals and poor academic integrity behavior at medical school. While academic integrity is well researched in western countries, it is not so in the Middle East, which is characterized by different cultural values that may influence students' academic integrity conduct. We conducted a cross-sectional study among health-professions students at a university in the Middle East to assess perceptual differences on various cheating behaviors, as well as to explore the reasons underlying the cheating behavior. A validated survey instrument disseminated among first and second-year undergraduate students resulted in 211 complete responses and this data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson's Chi-square/ Fischer's exact test was applied to test the association of various factors with academic misconduct. The major determinants of academic misconduct were investigated using Binary Logistic regression model. The conducted analysis and the results showed that preceding cheating behavior was the only factor significantly associated with cheating in the university (p < 0.001). No association was found between cheating behavior and age, college/major, awareness regarding academic integrity, or perception of faculty response. The reasons provided by students for cheating behavior were mainly academic workload and pressure to get a good grade. Various suggestions are made to enhance academic integrity among health-professions students including organizing workshops and events by the university to increase awareness and create an academic integrity culture, providing peer guidance as well as emotional and social support.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10805-022-09452-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 2","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Predictors of Contract Cheating in Higher Education.","authors":"R Awdry,&nbsp;B Ives","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09449-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09449-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevalence of contract cheating and outsourcing through organised methods has received interest in research studies aiming to determine the most suitable strategies to reduce the problem. Few studies have presented an international approach or tested which variables could be correlated with contract cheating. As a result, strategies to reduce contract cheating may be founded on data from other countries, or demographics/situations which may not align to variables most strongly connected to engagement in outsourcing. This paper presents the results of a series of statistical analyses aimed at testing which variables were found to be predictors of students' self-reported formal outsourcing behaviours. The data are derived from an international research study conducted in 22 languages, with higher education students (from Europe, the Americas and Australasia. Analyses found that country and discipline of study as well as the rate at which respondents n = 7806) believed other students to be cheating, were positively correlated to their cheating behaviours. Demographic variables did not show strong statistical significance to predicting contract cheating.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 2","pages":"193-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Issues in Research: Perceptions of Researchers, Research Ethics Board Members and Research Ethics Experts.","authors":"Marie-Josée Drolet,&nbsp;Eugénie Rose-Derouin,&nbsp;Julie-Claude Leblanc,&nbsp;Mélanie Ruest,&nbsp;Bryn Williams-Jones","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09455-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09455-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of academic research, a diversity of ethical issues, conditioned by the different roles of members within these institutions, arise. Previous studies on this topic addressed mainly the perceptions of researchers. However, to our knowledge, no studies have explored the transversal ethical issues from a wider spectrum, including other members of academic institutions as the research ethics board (REB) members, and the research ethics experts. The present study used a descriptive phenomenological approach to document the ethical issues experienced by a heterogeneous group of Canadian researchers, REB members, and research ethics experts. Data collection involved socio-demographic questionnaires and individual semi-structured interviews. Following the triangulation of different perspectives (researchers, REB members and ethics experts), emerging ethical issues were synthesized in ten units of meaning: (1) research integrity, (2) conflicts of interest, (3) respect for research participants, (4) lack of supervision and power imbalances, (5) individualism and performance, (6) inadequate ethical guidance, (7) social injustices, (8) distributive injustices, (9) epistemic injustices, and (10) ethical distress. This study highlighted several problematic elements that can support the identification of future solutions to resolve transversal ethical issues in research that affect the heterogeneous members of the academic community.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 2","pages":"269-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9501851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Obstacles to Addressing Research Misconduct in Higher Education: A Case Study.","authors":"James Golden,&nbsp;Catherine M Mazzotta,&nbsp;Kimberly Zittel-Barr","doi":"10.1007/s10805-021-09438-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09438-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several widely publicized incidents of academic research misconduct, combined with the politicization of the role of science in public health and policy discourse (e.g., COVID, immunizations) threaten to undermine faith in the integrity of empirical research. Researchers often maintain that peer-review and study replication allow the field to self-police and self-correct; however, stark disparities between official reports of academic research misconduct and self-reports of academic researchers, specifically with regard to data fabrication, belie this argument. Further, systemic imperatives in academic settings often incentivize institutional responses that focus on minimizing reputational harm rather than the impact of fabricated data on the integrity of extant and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 1","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8403249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Ethics and Values Play a Role in Virtual Education? A Study on the Perception of Students and Teachers.","authors":"Jose Alberto Rivera Piragauta, Janaina Minelli de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09459-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10805-022-09459-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Learning in virtual environments is an ethical experience. This research aimed to understand the ethical experience of a virtual learning environment from the perspective of university students and their teachers. The participants were 205 higher education students from different Spanish-speaking countries (Colombia, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, and Spain) and 30 teachers who acted as tutors in virtual education. The study used a design-based research method and quantitative instruments for the collection of empirical data. The data analysis showed that students and teachers perceive responsibility, commitment, and respect as values inherent to virtual education, and may have a moderately different ethical experience based on these values. With this research, we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the coexistence of human beings in virtual learning environments. We argue that it is necessary to question or rethink the pedagogical paradigms that guide virtual education, endowing them with humanity, and recognizing their ethical dimension as funda-mental.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10805-022-09459-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 2","pages":"343-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9540117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9504465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing Academic Integrity: Assessing the Influence of Corrective Measures on Adverse Attitudes and Plagiaristic Behavior.","authors":"Vibhash Kumar, Ashima Verma, Sumat Parkash Aggarwal","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09467-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10805-022-09467-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The world relies on authentic research that guides legislation, policy formulations, and governmental and corporate actions. Therefore, researchers globally should be aware of academic integrity and publication ethics. This research delved into plagiarism that severely undermines any scientific study. It explores the relationship between adverse attitudes (attitudes that favor plagiarism) and plagiaristic behavior. We probed deeper into the theories of planned behavior, reasoned action, and ethical theories of rational self-interest, cultural acceptance, and deontology to propose corrective measures as an intervention to reduce adverse attitudes and plagiaristic behavior. Upon empirical testing of the said propositions through two studies (Study 1, n₁ = 2609; Study 2, n₂ = 2678), we ascertained a significant negative relationship between corrective measures and adverse attitudes and corrective measures and plagiaristic behavior. We also empirically examined the mediating effect of adverse attitudes on the relationship between corrective measures and plagiaristic behavior. The results confirm the mediation model, in which academics subjected to corrective actions reported reduced plagiaristic behavior through reduced adverse attitudes. The findings further the literature on plagiarism and provide crucial implications for managing plagiaristic behavior among academics. The study also provides specific corrective actions that educational administrators should initiate to ensure academic integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9798953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10480507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Integrity Supervision Practices and Institutional Support: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Daniel Pizzolato, Kris Dierickx","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09468-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10805-022-09468-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific malpractice is not just due to researchers having bad intentions, but also due to a lack of education concerning research integrity practices. Besides the importance of institutionalised trainings on research integrity, research supervisors play an important role in translating what doctoral students learn during research integrity formal sessions. Supervision practices and role modelling influence directly and indirectly supervisees' attitudes and behaviour toward responsible research. Research supervisors can not be left alone in this effort. Research institutions are responsible for supporting supervisors in being more aware of their RI function, and in supporting responsible supervision practices to have a positive cascading effect on supervisees' research practices. We interviewed 22 European research supervisors to investigate how they perceive their role as research integrity trainers and their real-life supervision practices. Moreover, we investigated their points of view concerning the role of research institutions in supporting supervision practices. Although there are different commonalities in supervisors' perception of their research integrity-related role, differences are emphasised depending on the supervisors' characteristics such as academic domain, seniority, working country and gender. In addition, supervisors' way of mentoring depend also on supervisees' learning curve. Overall, all supervisors agreed on institutions playing an important role in support their supervision effort and practices. This study aims to be a starting point for better understanding research integrity supervision practices and the role of institutions in supporting them. Moreover, it puts the basis to further investigate differences in supervision practices depending on supervisors' characteristics.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10805-022-09468-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10447911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corruption Detection Systems and Skills, and Employee Retention in South African Universities","authors":"B. Ngcamu, E. Mantzaris","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09466-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09466-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 1","pages":"519 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41327210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misuse of co-authorship in Medical PhD Theses in Scandinavia: A Questionnaire Survey","authors":"G. Helgesson, S. Holm, L. Bredahl, B. Hofmann, N. Juth","doi":"10.1007/s10805-022-09465-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09465-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Academic Ethics","volume":"21 1","pages":"393 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47690160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}