Public Health Research & Practice最新文献

{"title":"Building prevention research science communication and knowledge translation capacity through multidisciplinary collaboration.","authors":"Shaan S Naughton, Konsita Kuswara, Ainsley E Burgess, Helen C Dinmore, Cindy Jones, Karen Metcalfe, Heidi Turon, Helen Signy","doi":"10.17061/phrp3412409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp3412409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To document the outcomes of a dedicated Science Communication Community of Practice (CoP) for increasing prevention-focused knowledge translation (KT) and evidence uptake. Type of program: Shared priorities and a united vision to communicate the value of prevention research led to the formation of a dedicated Science Communication CoP within an Australian public health prevention-focused research collaboration. Members of the CoP included science communication experts and early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) with KT-focused roles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CoP met monthly, with semi-structured meetings led by an experienced science communication professional. A priority of the CoP was to develop resources that could help members and external parties to communicate their findings, especially EMCRs and those working on low-resourced projects. Insights from CoP members were synthesised to document if, and how, the CoP increased communication and KT capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CoP members found that participatory dialogue - dialogue that involves sharing perspectives and listening to others in order to develop a shared understanding - helped promote a greater understanding of science communication techniques and led to KT being embedded within projects. The CoP itself resulted in shared narratives and communication outputs that could not have been produced by individual members, primarily due to a lack of dedicated resourcing. Members found that engaging in the CoP increased their use of a range of science communication skills, tactics, and methods (e.g., targeted messaging for policy and practice, use of media and social media, and event management to engage audiences and build trust).</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>The CoP helped build a greater working knowledge of science communication among its members, leading to increased KT activities. Within an environment of low resourcing for science communication, bringing researchers together with science communication experts can help promote the communication of synthesised evidence and unified messaging on 'what works for prevention'.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating portable air cleaner effectiveness in residential settings to reduce exposures to biomass smoke resulting from prescribed burns.","authors":"Amanda J Wheeler, Fabienne Reisen, Christopher T Roulston, Martine Dennekamp, Nigel Goodman, Fay H Johnston","doi":"10.17061/phrp33232307","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp33232307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Prescribed burning is the most common method employed to reduce fuel loads in flammable landscapes. This practice is designed to reduce the hazard associated with uncontrolled bushfires. Prescribed burns are frequently conducted close to residential areas, and the associated smoke impacts can adversely affect community health. Particulate matter is the predominant pollutant within the smoke and is strongly and consistently linked with adverse health effects. Outdoor smoke readily infiltrates buildings and reduces the quality of indoor air. Portable air cleaners containing high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are a promising indoor air quality intervention for reducing outdoor smoke exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We provided 10 homes from semirural regions of Victoria, Australia, with HEPA cleaners and conducted continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for 2-4 weeks during prescribed burning periods. We calculated the potential improvements to indoor air quality when operating a HEPA cleaner during a smoke episode. Ventilation measures were conducted to identify points of smoke ingress and housing characteristics that could lead to higher infiltration rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on the house, the use of HEPA cleaners resulted in a reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations of 30-74%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HEPA cleaners have the potential to substantially improve indoor air quality during episodic smoke episodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9899799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A participatory system map of the adverse influence of urban environments on population health: integrating urban development and preventive health expertise.","authors":"Jason Prior, Rupert Legg, Erica McIntyre","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342333","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A growing number of urban development and public health professionals are developing expertise in how urban environments influence population health to support preventive health (PH) planning, implementation and outcomes. This study aimed to address the growing interest among these experts in Sydney, Australia, to move beyond silo-based approaches to PH planning and urban development by developing a preliminary mapping of the complex adaptive system. This is a network of agents and parts that collectively relate and interact, where they seek to intervene by meshing the disparate knowledge of their multidisciplinary expertise. This mapping will help experts to better integrate PH approaches by linking primordial and primary prevention within urban environments, collectively prioritising areas for intervention within the complex adaptive system, and developing a better understanding of relations between multiple factors at play within it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The system map was developed using a unique participatory system-mapping (PSM) process involving a modified Delphi technique consisting of three rounds between October 2019 and August 2020 and 15 urban development and public health experts engaged in PH in Sydney's urban environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final system map encompassed features of the local environment, determinants of health and wellbeing in urban environments, pre-clinical health and wellbeing impacts, and clinical health outcomes, providing a comprehensive map of the adverse effects of urban environments on population health. There was a high level of agreement among experts on the final system map. While experts from different disciplines generally agreed on priority areas for intervention, consensus was higher among those from similar disciplinary backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights how the collective intelligence of experts from diverse disciplines can generate PSM. Furthermore, it illustrates how using systems mapping can help experts interested in complex public health problems to take a broader view of the complex adaptive system for PH planning, support collaborative prioritisation, and offer valuable insights for targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban planning and development for health: key principles to guide action and changet.","authors":"Jason Prior, Edgar Liu, Evelyne de Leeuw, Nicky Morrison, Agis Tsouros","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342329","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness and productivity impacts of call-back telephone counselling for smoking cessation.","authors":"Paul Crosland, Michelle Scollo, Sarah L White, Nikki McCaffrey","doi":"10.17061/phrp33232306","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp33232306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Few existing economic evaluations of telephone call-back services for smoking cessation (quitlines) include productivity measures. The Economics of Cancer Collaboration Tobacco Control (ECCTC) model was developed by adopting a societal perspective, including productivity impacts.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Economic simulation modelling Methods: A multi-health state Markov cohort microsimulation model was constructed. The population was the Victorian smoking population in 2018. The effectiveness of the Victorian Quitline was informed by an evaluation and compared with no service. Risks of developing disease for smokers and former smokers were obtained from the literature. The model calculated economic measures, including average and total costs and health effects; incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; and net monetary benefit (NMB) for both the healthcare and societal perspective. An extensive uncertainty analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Quitline service is cost-effective and dominant from both healthcare and societal perspectives, reducing costs with greater health benefits compared with no service. The expected incremental NMB was $2912 per person from the healthcare perspective and $7398 from the societal perspective. Total cost savings were $869 035 of healthcare costs, $1.1 million for absenteeism, $21.8 million for lost workforce participation, and $8.4 million for premature mortality, with a total reduction in societal costs of $32.2 million, over the 80 year timeframe of the model. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested a high degree of certainty in these results, and overall conclusions were robust to one-way sensitivity and scenario analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Victorian Quitline service is cost-effective and should be retained and expanded where possible. The ECCTC model can be adapted to analyse the cost-effectiveness of other tobacco cessation interventions, populations and contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban policy, space and wellbeing: a move towards LGBTQIA+ inclusive planning.","authors":"Andrew Gorman-Murray, Jason Prior, Rebecca Cadorin, Alice Vincent, Jéan-Louise Olivier, Evelyne de Leeuw","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342330","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public spaces influence the health and safety of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual and other sexual and gender-diverse (LGBTQIA+) communities. However, there is minimal research to demonstrate the link between inclusive urban policy and planning and the wellbeing of LGBTQIA+ communities. Consequently, in this perspective, we reflect on our project, which offered foundational work for understanding LGBTQIA+ experiences of public spaces in Australia's three most populous urban centres - Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Our desk-based research approach provides a five-point evaluative framework to assess how local government areas (LGAs) accommodate LGBTQIA+ communities. We then present a recommendations framework for creating more inclusive local areas and public spaces. We propose that 'usualising' queerness in public spaces can lead to increased health and wellbeing for LGBTQIA+ communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How tobacco companies use the revolving door between government and industry to influence policymaking: an Australian case study.","authors":"Christina Watts, Melissa Jones, Kylie Lindorff, Becky Freeman","doi":"10.17061/phrp33122305","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp33122305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives and importance of the study: The study investigates and documents how tobacco companies are using the revolving door between government and industry as a tactic to try to influence public health policymaking in Australia. This is the first Australian study to systematically investigate the revolving door tactic in tobacco lobbying and highlights the importance of strengthening integrity and transparency legislation and oversight bodies to eliminate the political influence of tobacco companies in Australia.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Mixed-methods including non-experimental descriptive and exploratory case studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To build a picture of tobacco lobbying through the revolving door in Australia, data was triangulated from multiple publicly available sources: 1) Australian federal, state and territory government lobbyist registers, 2) the online social networking platform, LinkedIn; and 3) Australian news media reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tobacco companies lobby the Australian government using 'in-house' employees, lobbyists working in firms acting on their behalf, and third-party allies with common interests. Almost half (48%) of internal tobacco company lobbyists had held positions in the Australian government (state, territory and/or federal) before or after working in the tobacco industry. Likewise, 55% of lobbyists acting on behalf of tobacco companies had held government positions before or after working as a lobbyist. In-house tobacco industry lobbyists, as well as those working on behalf of tobacco companies within lobbying firms, were found to have held senior governmental positions, such as a Member of Parliament (MP) or Senator, chief or deputy chief of staff, or senior advisor in a ministerial office, and many had moved into or out of government within 1 year of working for a tobacco company (56%) or as a lobbyist (48%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tobacco companies are strategically using the revolving door between the government and the tobacco industry as a key political lobbying mechanism to try to influence public health policy in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat illness presentations to emergency departments in Western Sydney: surveillance for environmental, personal and behavioural risk factors.","authors":"Stephen J Conaty, Sayontonee Ghosh, Khizar Ashraf, Karin H Taylor, George Truman, Helen Noonan, Mithilesh Dronavalli, Bin Jalaludin","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342332","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To pilot surveillance to describe environmental, personal and behavioural risk factors for people presenting to hospital emergency departments (EDs) with heat illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case series and telephone interview study of people presenting to EDs across South Western Sydney, Western Sydney and Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health Districts with heat illness over the 2017/18 and 2018/19 summer periods (1 December to 28 February). We used the Public Health Rapid Emergency Disease Syndromic Surveillance (PHREDSS) 'heat problems' syndrome to identify people with heat illness and medical records to find contact details. We developed a detailed questionnaire instrument to guide the telephone interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 129 individuals presented with 'heat problems' (57 in 2017/18 and 72 in 2018/19). The median age was 44 years (range 1-89 years). Most attended hospitals via the NSW Ambulance Service (58%) or private car (40%). Of the total, 53% were classified as triage category 3 (potentially life-threatening), 27% as category 4 (potentially serious) and 16% as category 2 (imminently life-threatening). The main supplementary codes were heat exhaustion (35%), heat syncope (39%), and heat stroke (30%). The majority were discharged from the emergency department after completing treatment (73%), with 21% requiring admission. A total of 38 follow-up interviews were completed (29% response rate). Almost all individuals were exposed to heat outside their home environment: 11 (29%) were engaged in paid work, 5 (13%) in outdoor housework, and 10 (26%) in outdoor recreational activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our pilot surveillance study successfully collected home, local environment and behavioural risk factors on a small cohort presenting with 'heat problems' to EDs in Western Sydney during the summer months. Most were exposed to heat outdoors while engaged in work or recreation outside the home, and were preventable.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of universal screening for COVID-19 cases on cruise ships during outbreaks.","authors":"Adam Capon, Sandra Chaverot, Anthea L Katelaris, Mark Ferson, Natalie Klees, Christine Selvey, Vicky Sheppeard","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342338","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the impact of universal screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on passengers on cruise ships docking in Sydney, Australia, during 2022 that experienced a significant outbreak of COVID-19. Type of program or service: Cruise ship disease surveillance Methods: Case series, based on analysis of cruise ship voyages where universal screening of passengers was requested by a NSW health authority and undertaken by the cruise ship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 111 voyages in 2022, three fit the definition for this study. Universal screening during these voyages resulted in the detection of up to 1.8 times the number of existing COVID-19 cases, increasing attack rates of the three voyages from 14% to 24%; 13% to 28%; and 3% to 8% respectively. Case demographics showed an even gender distribution, with a majority 70 years or older. Asymptomatic case percentage ranged from 2% to 54%, with age and gender not associated with symptomatic status. Almost all cases were reported as being fully vaccinated. Genomic testing of cases showed multiple lineages of COVID-19 circulating in all three voyages.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Public health authorities, the cruise industry and passengers should be aware that a large number of unidentified cases of COVID-19 may disembark from a cruise ship that has experienced a large outbreak of the virus. These cases can seed the infection into vulnerable communities. Universal screening as part of the response to a significant outbreak will help identify cases and limit the spread of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic aspects of Connection to Country and cultural landscapes among Aboriginal peoples from the Stolen Generations living in urban NSW, Australia.","authors":"Aryati Yashadhana, Ted Fields, Edgar Liu, Nina Serova, Michelle O'Leary, Gail Kenning, Volker Kuchelmeister, Jonathan Lockhart, Evelyne de Leeuw","doi":"10.17061/phrp3342332","DOIUrl":"10.17061/phrp3342332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives and importance of the study: Most older Aboriginal peoples live in urban locations. Many of these people were displaced by the policies and practices that produced the Stolen Generations. As a result, access to 'Country' and cultural landscapes that are minimally impacted by urbanisation can be limited for older Aboriginal peoples, restricting the health and wellbeing benefits these environments promote.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Qualitative study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study worked collaboratively with Aboriginal traditional cultural knowledge holders to observe and analyse how participation in a 'cultural camp' on a Yuwaalaraay sacred site in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, impacted wellbeing and connection to place among older Aboriginal people who were survivors or descendants of the Stolen Generations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight participants (three women; five men) attended the cultural camp and took part in the yarning circle. Thematic analysis of a yarning circle uncovered memories of traumatic experiences of institutionalisation, including abuse and loss of Country, community, and culture. Experiences of the cultural camp generated a sense of reconnection, cultural pride, wellbeing and place attachment. The sensory experience of Country emphasised a sense of belonging and healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reflect the importance of sensory-led experiences on Country for older urban Aboriginal peoples and reinforce previous evidence on the 'therapeutic' aspects of culture and natural landscapes minimally impacted by colonisation. Policies and resources supporting grassroots initiatives such as Aboriginal cultural camps are needed to ensure accessibility for older Aboriginal peoples living in urban places.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}