Public Health Research & Practice最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of hepatitis B in southeastern Sydney.","authors":"Eunice Stiboy, Heather Valerio, Shane Tillakeratne, Vicky Sheppeard, Amy E Parry, Anthea L Katelaris, Gregory J Dore","doi":"10.1071/PU25052","DOIUrl":"10.1071/PU25052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health challenge, with chronic HBV infection leading to advanced liver disease complications, including decompensated cirrhosis (DC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prevention of HBV-related DC and HCC relies on effective interventions, particularly antiviral therapy, with late HBV diagnosis a missed opportunity for earlier introduction. This study investigates factors associated with late HBV diagnosis in a large area of Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a subset of an existing population-based linked dataset, consisting of all HBV and hepatitis C notifications in NSW, linked to hospital admission data and the National HIV Registry. DC and HCC diagnoses were based on the first hospitalisation for each event. Late diagnosis was defined as HBV notification at or within 2 years of DC or HCC diagnoses. Cross-tabulation and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between late HBV diagnosis and demographic, temporal, geographic and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2002 and March 2022, 10,910 individuals in the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District were notified with HBV, with 296 (3%) diagnosed with DC or HCC. Late diagnosis occurred in 102 (34%) of these individuals, and was more common in females (43%) than in males (31%), in individuals born between 1945 and 1964 (55%), and in those born in West/South Asia (43%). Female sex was the only factor independently associated with late HBV diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.08-3.42). There were trends towards associations with late HBV diagnosis for birth cohort ≥1965 (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 0.85-4.82), overseas birth (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 0.96-4.01), history of alcohol use disorder (aOR 2.72, 95% CI 0.86-8.96) and year of DC or HCC diagnosis (aOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.28-1.16 2016-2021 vs 2001-2008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One-third of people with HBV-related advanced liver disease complications are diagnosed late, reducing opportunities for effective interventions. Strategies to enhance earlier HBV diagnosis are required to reduce HBV burden and advance elimination efforts. Local strategies should aim to engage older migrants from West and South Asia, ensuring equity of access for women in this cohort. These findings underscore the importance of localised data and the benefits of data linkage.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a comprehensive bystander anti-racism intervention for healthcare staff in Australia.","authors":"Lisa Woodland, Marguerite Green, Joanne Corcoran, Monique McEwan, Rachel Sharples, Zarlasht Sarwari, Kevin Dunn, Nida Denson","doi":"10.1071/PU25046","DOIUrl":"10.1071/PU25046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives and importance of study: </strong>Given the limited research on anti-racism interventions in healthcare, this study examined the effectiveness of bystander intervention training in the context of a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to bystander anti-racism intervention for healthcare staff in one local health district in Sydney, Australia.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Pre-post-follow-up study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected over 2 years (January 2021 to February 2023), at three time points through an online survey. Supplementary data were also obtained from the public sector's state annual employee experience survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the training improved staff's understanding of racism and its impacts on health, increased their confidence and likelihood to respond to a racist incident at work, and increased their feelings of being supported by their workplace and/or manager to respond to an act of racism. Most staff were satisfied with the training, found it useful and would recommend it to colleagues. Supplementary data from the state annual employee experience survey showed that reported racism decreased slightly, and overall satisfaction with how their reported racism experience was handled more than doubled.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The local health district developed and evaluated the effectiveness of its comprehensive, multi-pronged Addressing Racism in Healthcare Strategy. The strategy included the foundational principles and strategies for effective anti-racism interventions in healthcare settings: laying the foundation for the anti-racism intervention, addressing institutional racism and addressing personally-mediated racism. The Addressing Racism in Healthcare Strategy is a successful model that other health districts can adapt to promote inclusivity and cultural safety across the broader health system.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WITHDRAWN: India's Path to Cervical Cancer Control: From Obstacles to Opportunities in HPV Vaccine Uptake.","authors":"Jubina Balan Venghateri, Priyansh Nathani, Jasleen Kaur, Anita Gadgil","doi":"10.1071/PU25036","DOIUrl":"10.1071/PU25036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146067632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral hepatitis notifications: a cohort study of enhanced local follow-up in Victoria.","authors":"Tiffany Pe, Phongsakone Inthavong, Emma Beavon, Michael Muleme, Shweta Bohora, Christine Roder, Naomi E Clarke, Jacqueline A Richmond, Mohammad Akhtar Hussain, Annelies Titulaer, Joseph Doyle, Alex Tai, Eugene Athan, Alyce Wilson, Amanda Jane Wade","doi":"10.1071/PU25063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PU25063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Australia needs to increase linkage to viral hepatitis care and treatment to achieve the 2030 elimination targets. This study assessed the intervention of enhanced local public health (PH) follow-up of hepatitis B and hepatitis C notifications on linkage to care and treatment, compared to standard PH management, in the Barwon South West (BSW) and Gippsland regions in Victoria. Importance of study: Innovative models to increase viral hepatitis testing and linkage to care and treatment are required, especially in regional Australia.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study periods were March-August 2022 (standard PH management), and September 2022-February 2023 (enhanced local PH follow-up). Notifications from correctional facilities were excluded. Outcomes by study period compared time to complete hepatitis C diagnosis, hepatitis C treatment initiation, hepatitis B viral load measurement and referral for hepatitis B care. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>190 notifications met inclusion criteria and 174 people were included in the analysis - 133 with hepatitis C and 41 with hepatitis B (16 were lost to follow-up). The probability of having an incomplete hepatitis C diagnosis within 180 days from notification was 2.33 (95% CI 1.40, 3.89) times higher among patients receiving standard PH management compared to enhanced local PH follow-up. The probability of not being referred to hepatitis B care within 90 days from notification was 2.78 times (95% CI 1.13, 6.82) higher among patients receiving standard PH management compared to enhanced local PH follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhanced local PH follow-up increased the proportion of hepatitis C notifications with a complete diagnosis and hepatitis B notifications referred to care. Local PH follow-up presents a unique opportunity to accelerate progress towards the 2030 viral hepatitis elimination targets in Victoria.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jurisdictional movement among people with hepatitis B and C in Australia: implications for national data.","authors":"Jennifer H MacLachlan, Nicole Romero, Stephen B Lambert, Gregory J Dore, Richard T Gray, Jisoo A Kwon, Benjamin Cowie","doi":"10.1071/PU25051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PU25051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives and importance of study Chronic hepatitis B and C are leading causes of liver cancer in Australia, and understanding prevalence, diagnosis, and care uptake is a public health priority in the context of a strategic commitment to elimination. This study aims to estimate the degree of movement between jurisdictions among people with hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Australia, to understand the impact on national notifications data and the implications for modelling of prevalence and diagnosis, and consequently uptake measures. Study type Retrospective cohort study using linked health service provision data. Methods Individuals who received Medicare services restricted to those diagnosed with hepatitis B or hepatitis C (nucleic acid testing or treatment) via Medicare during 2011-2023 were analysed. The proportion who changed jurisdictions and the proportion who had a service in multiple jurisdictions were generated, with sub-analysis by jurisdiction and among priority populations (those born overseas and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people). Results Among the cohort (n=137,041 hepatitis B; n=252,144 hepatitis C), 9.8% of those with hepatitis B and 15.1% of those with hepatitis C resided in more than one jurisdiction, ranging from 6.7%-33.3% by jurisdiction for hepatitis B and 14.5%-42.8% for hepatitis C. This compared to 10.3% (range 8.0%-28.9%) among the total Australian population. Movement was higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for hepatitis B, with a different pattern by jurisdiction than the total cohort. The proportion who had a hepatitis B or hepatitis C service in multiple jurisdictions was 3.2% and 4.6%, respectively, with similar trends by state and territory. Conclusions Movement among people with hepatitis B and C was highly variable according to jurisdiction. This movement should be accounted for in the use of notifications data according to geographic area, and in assessing national progress towards viral hepatitis elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting of pregnancy vaccinations across two data sources, New South Wales, Australia, 2017-2022.","authors":"Nicole Sonneveld, Elizabeth Wilson, Sonya Ennis, Jocelynne McRae, Kristine Macartney, Bette Liu","doi":"10.1071/PU25021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PU25021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives Timely, accurate reporting of pregnancy vaccination coverage is key to evaluating pregnancy immunisation programs. We compared influenza and pertussis vaccination reporting on the New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection (PDC) and the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR), to understand coverage, reporting, timing of vaccination and provider type. Methods This retrospective population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia, included people giving birth at ≥20-weeks' gestation (2017-2022) in the NSW PDC (total number of pregnancies 555,553), linked to AIR-reported influenza and pertussis vaccinations. Main outcomes of interest were influenza and pertussis coverage according to 1) the PDC and 2) linked AIR records. We assessed agreement between data sources (i.e. whether an AIR record during the pregnancy existed if vaccine receipt was reported on the PDC, and vice versa) by year (influenza: 2021-2022, pertussis: 2017-2022) and selected characteristics (2022). Provider type and timing for vaccinations reported to the AIR are described (2022). Results PDC-reported influenza and pertussis coverage peaked in 2020 (influenza: 58.8%, pertussis: 79.0%), decreasing thereafter (influenza: 49.1%, pertussis: 77.6% in 2022). AIR-reported influenza and pertussis vaccination coverage increased (influenza: 34.7% in 2021 to 44.8% in 2022; pertussis: 24.4% in 2017 to 51.6% in 2022). Agreement between AIR and PDC improved over time, but remained suboptimal (influenza: 75.5%, pertussis: 56.6% in 2022). AIR and PDC agreement differed most by antenatal care model, particularly for pertussis vaccinations. In 2022, of pregnancy vaccinations reported to the AIR, &gt;75% were provided in general practices. Co-administration occurred infrequently (8.8%). Conclusions Despite mandated reporting to the AIR, there was significant underreporting of pregnancy vaccinations to the AIR as compared with the NSW PDC. National collection of accurate and timely data on pregnancy vaccination coverage is needed to monitor vaccine uptake, and identify and monitor strategies to improve uptake, particularly with the new pregnancy respiratory syncytial virus vaccine program in 2025. We identified co-administration as a potential strategy to improve influenza vaccination coverage during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating health interventions for adolescents: strategies for meaningful involvement.","authors":"Matthew L Watt, Florens de Groot, Sarah Y Ford, Angela Webster, Louise Thornton","doi":"10.1071/PU24015","DOIUrl":"10.1071/PU24015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Involving young people in the development of health interventions can result in interventions that are more fit for purpose. However, few, if any, studies outline how to successfully and meaningfully engage young people in the development process. This report outlines the successes and challenges of three strategies we used to involve young people in designing a health intervention targeting young people. It is hoped that our experience can help inform other researchers how young people can be meaningfully engaged in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"35 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why public health practitioners and researchers must stop using the term 'culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD)'.","authors":"Davoud Pourmarzi, Linda Murray, Tehzeeb Zulfiqar, Guddu Kaur, Anna Olsen","doi":"10.1071/PU25003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PU25003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term 'culturally and linguistically diverse' (CALD) is used in Australia to describe some groups of migrants. Implicitly, the term defines 'others' who are 'different' to the dominant normative Australian. The use of the term as standard language in health literature and public discourse has increased dramatically over the past decade. Australians who are labelled as CALD have argued that the term affects their sense of belonging to the Australian community. As public health researchers and practitioners, we must minimise potential risks of harm, maximise health benefits and ensure the rigour of our data collection, analysis and reporting methods. We argue that we must refrain from continuing to use this concept and that there is no need for a new label to categorise some members of our diverse Australian population as 'others'.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"35 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating participation in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program through general practice: a survey on practices, challenges and digital opportunities.","authors":"Nicole Marinucci, Natasha Koloski, Amanda Whaley, Rachael Bagnall, Ayesha Shah, Belinda Goodwin, Gerald Holtmann","doi":"10.1071/PU24017","DOIUrl":"10.1071/PU24017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives Promoting the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in general practice has been identified as an effective strategy to increase participation rates. Despite the positive influence general practitioners (GPs) have on patient decision-making, program endorsement is not routinely included within the national program's policy and practice. The aim of this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of knowledge, health promotion strategies and the challenges/opportunities for general practice staff to support patient participation and navigation through the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program pathways. Study type A 52-item online cross-sectional survey. Methods A total of 320 general practice clinics in the Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia received a direct invitation via email to participate. The survey contained items on knowledge, health promotion strategies and challenges/opportunities to endorse participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, including enquiry about the utilisation of electronic medical records. Results Eighty-eight individuals participated, including GPs, practice managers and practice nurses. Of GPs, 96.2% indicated they were likely to promote the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program to patients. Few participants used systems to identify/notify patients due for screening, and over half indicated that Medicare reimbursements (56.8%) and electronic systems for identifying eligible or overdue patients (53.4%) would support their ability to promote the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in routine practice. Conclusion Early detection and treatment of bowel cancer is a public health priority in Australia and internationally. Findings highlight the willingness of staff to promote participation; however, the need for incentivisation and streamlined software integration to identify and prompt eligible patients to screen through the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program remains. These findings contribute new evidence regarding the resources, preferences and system-level requirements needed to support routine GP endorsement of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"35 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic differences in Australia's local government adaptation planning for health and climate change.","authors":"Barbara P F Davis, Paul J Beggs, Petra L Graham","doi":"10.1071/PU24028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PU24028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives Adaptation planning is needed at all levels of government to limit the adverse impacts of climate change on public health. This study aims to examine adaptation planning with a health focus at the local government level in Australia. Methods All 541 Australian local governments were contacted by email, and their websites were searched to determine which had a climate change adaptation plan. These plans were analysed for their health-word content. Results Almost one-quarter (23%, 124/541) of Australian local governments had a climate change adaptation plan. A larger proportion of urban local governments had plans when compared with rural local governments (41% vs 8%, P P P Conclusions Australia's local governments differ in adaptation planning for health and climate change, with just under a quarter having produced a plan, and the extent and nature of health content are highly variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":45898,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research & Practice","volume":"35 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}