PATHOLOGICA最新文献_第9页

Biomarker characterization in endometrial cancer in Europe: first survey data analysis from 69 pathological academic and hospital labs. 欧洲子宫内膜癌的生物标记特征：来自 69 个病理学术实验室和医院实验室的首次调查数据分析。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-926

Angela Santoro, Emma Bragantini, Francesca Castiglione, Raji Ganesan, Xavier Matias-Guiu, Milo Frattini, Valerio Gallotta, Pablo Garcia, Yatish Pattni, Julia Tsiampali-Laprell, Brigitte Bisaro, Mattia Barbareschi, Gian Franco Zannoni

{"title":"Biomarker characterization in endometrial cancer in Europe: first survey data analysis from 69 pathological academic and hospital labs.","authors":"Angela Santoro, Emma Bragantini, Francesca Castiglione, Raji Ganesan, Xavier Matias-Guiu, Milo Frattini, Valerio Gallotta, Pablo Garcia, Yatish Pattni, Julia Tsiampali-Laprell, Brigitte Bisaro, Mattia Barbareschi, Gian Franco Zannoni","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-926","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-926","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the commonest gynecological cancer affecting women in Western populations. To predict patient risk, the 2020 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Female Genital Tract stressed the importance of integrated histo-molecular classification of the disease. This survey analysis poses attention on the most frequently used immunohistochemical and molecular markers adopted in daily categorization of ECs in European laboratories.Methods: We analyzed data collected through questionnaires administered to 40 Italian, 20 Spanish, 3 Swiss and 6 United Kingdom (UK) laboratories. We collected information regarding daily practice in EC evaluation, specifically concerning mismatch repair status (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Summary and descriptive statistical analyses were carried out to evaluate the current practice of each laboratory.Results: The results show that MMR status is mainly evaluated by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on most EC samples. The most frequent approach for the analysis of MMR status is IHC of four proteins (PMS2, MSH6, MSH2, MLH1). MSI analysis by molecular methods is uncommon but useful as a supplemental tool in specific conditions. MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and BRAF V600 mutations analysis are performed in case of negative expression of MLH1/PMS2. Other markers (mainly p53 followed by POLE and PTEN) are investigated in particular in Spain and Switzerland in a consistent number of cases.Conclusion: Guidelines consultation and standardization of laboratory procedures are efficient means for EC prognostic risk stratification and improving the quality of care.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"116 1","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10938279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to measure your microscope's HPF. A critical guide for residents. 如何测量显微镜的 HPF。住院医生的重要指南。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-900

Salvatore Lorenzo Renne

{"title":"How to measure your microscope's HPF. A critical guide for residents.","authors":"Salvatore Lorenzo Renne","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-900","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-900","url":null,"abstract":"Counting stuff under the microscope is part of the duties of a surgical pathologist. Many textbooks and articles still report the surface area as the number of high-power fields (HPFs) counted. This is bad, since the area displayed by an HPF varies between two microscopes. It is therefore necessary to express the surface as mm2. This is a how to guide written for the resident who has to measure the HPF of the microscope for the first time. The Resident can either calibrate the microscope with a stage micrometer slide (a small ruler on a glass slide) or compute the surface area of the HPF using the numbers on the eyepiece and the magnification objective. for \"10X/22\" eyepiece and a \"40X\" objective, the diameter of the HPF is 22/40 = 0.55 (if no other magnification is present), and the surface is 0.238 mm2. The young resident might then ask: \"How far off-target was I when I counted the number of HPFs that the chief resident declared to be correct?\" Probably not that much: although legitimate in principle and correct in math, the size of the problem is often overstated since microscopes are not that different after all and because pathology is not just about counting.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 6","pages":"302-307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural Language Processing to extract SNOMED-CT codes from pathological reports. 利用自然语言处理技术从病理报告中提取 SNOMED-CT 代码。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-952

Giorgio Cazzaniga, Albino Eccher, Enrico Munari, Stefano Marletta, Emanuela Bonoldi, Vincenzo Della Mea, Moris Cadei, Marta Sbaraglia, Angela Guerriero, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Fabio Pagni, Vincenzo L'Imperio

{"title":"Natural Language Processing to extract SNOMED-CT codes from pathological reports.","authors":"Giorgio Cazzaniga, Albino Eccher, Enrico Munari, Stefano Marletta, Emanuela Bonoldi, Vincenzo Della Mea, Moris Cadei, Marta Sbaraglia, Angela Guerriero, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Fabio Pagni, Vincenzo L'Imperio","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-952","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-952","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The use of standardized structured reports (SSR) and suitable terminologies like SNOMED-CT can enhance data retrieval and analysis, fostering large-scale studies and collaboration. However, the still large prevalence of narrative reports in our laboratories warrants alternative and automated labeling approaches. In this project, natural language processing (NLP) methods were used to associate SNOMED-CT codes to structured and unstructured reports from an Italian Digital Pathology Department.Methods: Two NLP-based automatic coding systems (support vector machine, SVM, and long-short term memory, LSTM) were trained and applied to a series of narrative reports.Results: The 1163 cases were tested with both algorithms, showing good performances in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, with SVM showing slightly better performances as compared to LSTM (0.84, 0.87, 0.83, 0.82 vs 0.83, 0.85, 0.83, 0.82, respectively). The integration of an explainability allowed identification of terms and groups of words of importance, enabling fine-tuning, balancing semantic meaning and model performance.Conclusions: AI tools allow the automatic SNOMED-CT labeling of the pathology archives, providing a retrospective fix to the large lack of organization of narrative reports.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 6","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Up-regulation by overexpression of c-MET in fibroblastic foci of usual interstitial pneumonia. 常见间质性肺炎成纤维细胞灶中c-MET过度表达的上调。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-920

Laura Melocchi, Giulia Cervi, Giuliana Sartori, Laura Gandolfi, Genny Jocollé, Alberto Cavazza, Giulio Rossi

{"title":"Up-regulation by overexpression of c-MET in fibroblastic foci of usual interstitial pneumonia.","authors":"Laura Melocchi, Giulia Cervi, Giuliana Sartori, Laura Gandolfi, Genny Jocollé, Alberto Cavazza, Giulio Rossi","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-920","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-920","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the radiologic and histologic hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the commonest histologic pattern of other progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (e.g., fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia). Analogous to lung cancer, activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main molecular pathways recently identified by transcriptomic studies in IPF. Fibroblastic foci (FF) are considered the active/trigger component of UIP pattern. The proto-oncogene C-MET is a key gene among molecules promoting EMT against which several inhibitors are currently available or promising in ongoing studies on lung cancer.Methods: Twenty surgical cases of diffuse fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (fILD) with UIP pattern and FF-rich (17 IPF and 3 patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia, fHP) were retrospectively selected. FF were manually microdissected and analysed for c-MET gene alterations (FISH amplification and gene hot-spot mutations Sanger sequencing) and tested with a c-MET companion diagnostic antibody (clone SP44 metmab) by immunohistochemistry.Results: FF are characterized by upregulation of c-MET as shown by overexpression of the protein in 80% of cases, while no gene amplification by FISH or mutations were detected. C-MET upregulation of FF was observed either in IPF and fHP, with a tropism for the epithelial cell component only.Conclusion: Upregulation of c-MET in FF of ILD with UIP pattern further confirms the key role of the proto-oncogene c-MET in its pathogenesis, possibly representing an interesting and easily-detectable molecular target for selective therapy using specific inhibitors in future clinical trials, similar to lung cancer. It is reasonable to speculate that molecular alterations in FF can also be detected in FF by transbronchial cryobiopsy.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":"308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A rare case of extrarenal Wilms tumor of the uterine corpus: comprehensive genomic profile and review of the literature. 一例罕见的肾外子宫体 Wilms 肿瘤：综合基因组图谱和文献综述。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-943

Lara Alessandrini, Angela Guerriero, Giada Munari, Biancamaria Del Forno, Luisa Santoro, Matteo Marchetti, Margherita Nardin, Roberto Tozzi, Matteo Fassan, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos

{"title":"A rare case of extrarenal Wilms tumor of the uterine corpus: comprehensive genomic profile and review of the literature.","authors":"Lara Alessandrini, Angela Guerriero, Giada Munari, Biancamaria Del Forno, Luisa Santoro, Matteo Marchetti, Margherita Nardin, Roberto Tozzi, Matteo Fassan, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-943","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-943","url":null,"abstract":"Wilms tumor (WT), or nephroblastoma, is an uncommon malignant neoplasm occurring in the kidney of pediatric patients. Its extrarenal location is extremely rare and has been reported in various sites, including the female genital tract, with only 9 cases arising in the uterine corpus. We present the case of an adult woman who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy due to a uterine mass causing persistent abdominal pain. The characteristic triphasic morphology (composed of epithelial, stromal, and blastemal elements) supported by a broad immunohistochemical panel, along with the imaging exclusion of a renal neoplasm, was diagnostic of WT of the uterus. For the first time, a comprehensive genomic profiling of a uterine primary WT was also performed by next-generation sequencing, disclosing alterations at the level of copy number variations in the genes ERBB2, FGFR23, FGF6, FGFR2, and RPS6KB1. All previously reported uterine cases were reviewed, with a summary of their main clinicopathologic characteristics, and the main differential diagnoses are presented. Further reports are needed to improve our knowledge about prognostic factors, clinical behavior and molecular alterations that could guide appropriate therapeutic decision making.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 6","pages":"333-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma arising in pulmonary hamartoma: an exceptional occurrence in a rare tumor. 肺火腿肠瘤中出现的肺亮肌肉瘤：罕见肿瘤中的罕见病例。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-941

Stefano Lucà, Marco Montella, Riccardo Monti, Marina Accardo, Giovanni Savarese, Roberto Sirica, Alfonso Fiorelli, Floriana Morgillo, Renato Franco

{"title":"Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma arising in pulmonary hamartoma: an exceptional occurrence in a rare tumor.","authors":"Stefano Lucà, Marco Montella, Riccardo Monti, Marina Accardo, Giovanni Savarese, Roberto Sirica, Alfonso Fiorelli, Floriana Morgillo, Renato Franco","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-941","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-941","url":null,"abstract":"A solitary peripheral lung nodule was found in the left lung of a 52-year-old man. It was located in the lower lobe and measured 18.5 cm of major axis on chest computed tomography. A tru-cut core biopsy was obtained and a proliferation of bland, monomorphic, spindle cells in interlacing fascicles was observed. Accordingly, a surgical resection of the neoplasm was subsequently carried out. Macroscopically, the tumor appeared as a well-circumscribed nodule with a firm and whitish cut surface. Histologically, the neoplasm was predominantly composed of bland and monomorphic spindle cells, with a predominantly fascicular growth pattern, in which many tubular and cleft-like spaces of entrapped normal respiratory epithelium were involved. Myxoid change, stromal hyalinization and scattered bizarre mononucleated and multinucleated cells were also observed. Based on clinico-morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features, we made a diagnosis of malignant transformation of pulmonary adenoleiomyomatous hamartoma into pulmonary leiomyosarcoma. As far as we know, this is the first described case of this exceptionally rare occurrence in an already rare neoplasm.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 6","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Think "HER2" different: integrative diagnostic approaches for HER2-low breast cancer. 与众不同的 "HER2 "思维：针对 HER2 低乳腺癌的综合诊断方法。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-942

Caterina Marchiò, Carmen Criscitiello, Cristian Scatena, Alfredo Santinelli, Paolo Graziano, Umberto Malapelle, Giulia Cursano, Konstantinos Venetis, Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli, Francesco Pepe, Enrico Berrino, Carmine De Angelis, Giuseppe Perrone, Giuseppe Curigliano, Nicola Fusco

{"title":"Think \"HER2\" different: integrative diagnostic approaches for HER2-low breast cancer.","authors":"Caterina Marchiò, Carmen Criscitiello, Cristian Scatena, Alfredo Santinelli, Paolo Graziano, Umberto Malapelle, Giulia Cursano, Konstantinos Venetis, Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli, Francesco Pepe, Enrico Berrino, Carmine De Angelis, Giuseppe Perrone, Giuseppe Curigliano, Nicola Fusco","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-942","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-942","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the complex field of HER2 testing in the HER2-low breast cancer era, with a focus on methodological aspects. We aim to propose clear positions to scientific societies, institutions, pathologists, and oncologists to guide and shape the appropriate diagnostic strategies for HER2-low breast cancer. The fundamental question at hand is whether the necessary tools to effectively translate our knowledge about HER2 into practical diagnostic schemes for the lower spectrum of expression are available. Our investigation is centered on the significance of distinguishing between an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score 0 and score 1+ in light of the clinical implications now apparent, as patients with HER2-low breast cancer become eligible for trastuzumab-deruxtecan treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the definition of HER2-low beyond its conventional boundaries and assess the reliability of established diagnostic procedures designed at a time when therapeutic perspectives were non-existent for these cases. In this regard, we examine potential complementary technologies, such as gene expression analysis and liquid biopsy. Ultimately, we consider the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of digital pathology and its integration into HER2 testing, with a particular emphasis on its application in the context of HER2-low breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 6","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sarcina ventriculi associated gastritis. 腹腔肉芽肿伴有胃炎。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-927

Rida Noor, Muhammad Ahsan, Fnu Poombal, Samina Zaman

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 and lung cancer. COVID-19 与肺癌

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-908

Laura Melocchi, Maria Cecilia Mengoli, Giuseppe Bogina, Mattia Facchetti, Federica Migliorati, Laura Gandolfi, Giulio Rossi

{"title":"COVID-19 and lung cancer.","authors":"Laura Melocchi, Maria Cecilia Mengoli, Giuseppe Bogina, Mattia Facchetti, Federica Migliorati, Laura Gandolfi, Giulio Rossi","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-908","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-908","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic had affected health services around the world, also reducing the diagnosis of lung cancer. On the other hand, examination of surgical specimens in patients with lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 gave the opportunity to evidence early histologic features related to this emerging pandemic.Different prioritization of health organizations during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant decline of lung cancer screening (up to 56%), delayed diagnosis (up to 30-40%) and higher advanced stage, with some exceptions (i.e., Canada). Increased use of stereotactic radiation treatments in stage I-IIA have been noticed in better-organized health systems. Surgical specimens performed for lung cancer in patients with incipient SARS-CoV-2 permitted to appreciate early histologic findings of COVID-19 with hyperplastic pneumocytes with/without fibrin exudate, alveolar macrophages/myeloid cells, perivascular T-lymphocytic infiltrate and lack of hyaline membrane.While the COVID-19 pandemic has declined the rate of lung cancer diagnosis worldwide, some institutions have significantly limited detrimental effects. Histology related to early SARS-CoV-2 infection in surgical samples for lung cancer revealed specific histologic changes.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 5","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view. COVID-19.生物学、病理生理学和免疫学：病理学家的观点。

IF 3.5

PATHOLOGICA Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-954

Marco Chilosi, Claudio Doglioni, Claudia Ravaglia, Sara Piciucchi, Alessandra Dubini, Lavinia Stefanizzi, Venerino Poletti

{"title":"COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view.","authors":"Marco Chilosi, Claudio Doglioni, Claudia Ravaglia, Sara Piciucchi, Alessandra Dubini, Lavinia Stefanizzi, Venerino Poletti","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-954","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-954","url":null,"abstract":"Even if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been declared over, several risks and clinical problems remain to be faced, including long-COVID sequelae and possible outbreaks of pathogenic variants. Intense research on COVID-19 has provided in these few years a striking amount of data covering different fields and disciplines, which can help to provide a knowledge shield against new potential infective spreads, and may also potentially be applied to other fields of medicine, including oncology and neurology. Nevertheless, areas of uncertainty still remain regarding the pathogenic mechanisms that subtend the multifaceted manifestations of the disease. To better clarify the pathogenesis of the disease, a systematic multidisciplinary evaluation of the many mechanisms involved in COVID-19 is mandatory, including clinical, physiological, radiological, immunological and pathological studies. In COVID-19 syndrome the pathological studies have been mainly performed on autopsy cases, and only a few studies are available on biopsies. Nevertheless, these studies have provided relevant information that can substantially contribute to decipher the complex scenario characterizing the different forms of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19. In this review the data provided by pathological investigations are recapitulated and discussed, in the light of different hypothesis and data provided by clinical, physiological and immunological data.","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"115 5","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0