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Linguistic Typology最新文献

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Universal and macro-areal patterns in the lexicon 词汇中的普遍模式和宏观模式
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2088
T. Georgakopoulos, Eitan Grossman, D. Nikolaev, Stéphane Polis
{"title":"Universal and macro-areal patterns in the lexicon","authors":"T. Georgakopoulos, Eitan Grossman, D. Nikolaev, Stéphane Polis","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates universal and areal structures in the lexicon as manifested by colexification patterns in the semantic domains of perception and cognition, based on data from both small and large datasets. Using several methods, including weighted semantic maps, formal concept lattices, correlation analysis, and dimensionality reduction, we identify colexification patterns in the domains in question and evaluate the extent to which these patterns are specific to particular areas. This paper contributes to the methodology of investigating areal patterns in the lexicon, and identifies a number of cross-linguistic regularities and of area-specific properties in the structuring of lexicons.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"439 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Areal patterns and colexifications of colour terms in the languages of Africa 非洲语言中颜色术语的区域模式和集合现象
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2085
Guillaume Segerer, M. Vanhove
{"title":"Areal patterns and colexifications of colour terms in the languages of Africa","authors":"Guillaume Segerer, M. Vanhove","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Of all the semantic domains, colour terms have attracted the largest amount of attention, notably from a typological point of view. However, there is much more to be discovered. A search of the cross-linguistic lexical database of African languages (RefLex) reveals several previously undetected areal colexification patterns and shared lexico-constructional patterns in a genetically balanced sample of 401 languages. In this paper, we illustrate several areal characteristics of colour terms: (i) the spread of an areal feature due to a common extra-linguistic setting (locust bean – Parkia biglobosa – as the lexical source of yellow); (ii) two convergence phenomena, one based on a shared lexico-constructional pattern including a term for water, and one based on shared colexifications (red and ripe vs. green and unripe); and (iii) an areal pattern of lexical diffusion of colour ideophones, a category which has thus far been considered difficult to borrow.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"247 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46106719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The general noun-modifying clause construction beyond Eurasia 欧亚大陆以外的一般名词修饰从句结构
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2020-0100
Tongyu Wu
{"title":"The general noun-modifying clause construction beyond Eurasia","authors":"Tongyu Wu","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2020-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I aim to provide a typological investigation of the General Noun-modifying Clause Construction (NMCC) in languages other than those of Eurasia. I show that the five properties proposed by Matsumoto et al. as potentially correlating with the General NMCC are rather areal features which are falsified by the data of languages from Africa and Europe. The semantic interpretability condition and the syntactic licensing condition of the General Noun-modifying Clause Construction need reconsidering. Semantically, I argue that the interpretability of the General NMCC depends both on the semantics of the head noun and that of the modifying clause because they show close interaction with each other. Syntactically, I propose three general syntactic properties of the languages with the General NMCC, i.e. (1) no relative pronouns or relative pronouns in competition with a general clause marker, (2) complex subordinate locutions composed of the general clause marker(s) (and a head noun), and (3) unified verb forms in subordination.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"89 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49013155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to special issue on areal typology of lexico-semantics 词汇语义学区域类型学专题导论
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2087
A. Schapper, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
{"title":"Introduction to special issue on areal typology of lexico-semantics","authors":"A. Schapper, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"199 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Sitting and talking together: packaging meaning into verbs with the neighbors 坐在一起说话:和邻居一起把意思打包成动词
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2089
M. Mithun
{"title":"Sitting and talking together: packaging meaning into verbs with the neighbors","authors":"M. Mithun","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As observed by Koptjevskaja-Tamm and Liljegren, the impact of language contact on grammatical typology is well recognized, but the field of lexico-semantic areal typology is still young. Here some mechanisms leading to an areal pattern are explored in the domain of certain sets of basic verbs in languages indigenous to the North American West. The patterns involve the apparent evocation, as part of the meanings of the common verbs, of certain features of the most immediately involved participant, particularly number, animacy, shape, and/or consistency. Two mechanisms apparently underlie the areal patterns. First, bilinguals accustomed to distinguishing such features lexically in verbs in one of their languages may simply choose more specific verbs in another language on a regular basis until, over time, original hyponyms come to be basic level terms. Second, shadows of compounding and derivation can be seen in some pairs of verbs in some languages. Patterns elsewhere in the language or in a neighbor can stimulate such formations and accelerate their lexicalization, ultimately blurring their internal structure and hastening their ascent to basic-level status.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"375 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48515954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A typology of consonant-inventory gaps 辅音词库缺口的类型学
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2020-0128
D. Nikolaev
{"title":"A typology of consonant-inventory gaps","authors":"D. Nikolaev","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2020-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-0128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a new precise algorithmic definition of the notion “phonological-inventory gap”. On the basis of this definition, I propose a method for identifying gaps, provide descriptive data on several types of consonant-inventory gaps in the world’s languages, and investigate the relationships between gaps and inventory size, processes of sound change, and phonological segment borrowing.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"161 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grammar highlights 2020 语法亮点2020
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2084
Tatiana Nikitina
{"title":"Grammar highlights 2020","authors":"Tatiana Nikitina","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46529713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Baring the bones: the lexico-semantic association of bone with strength in Melanesia and the study of colexification 裸露骨骼:美拉尼西亚地区骨骼与强度的词汇语义关联以及共化的研究
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2082
Antoinette Schapper
{"title":"Baring the bones: the lexico-semantic association of bone with strength in Melanesia and the study of colexification","authors":"Antoinette Schapper","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2082","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article I demonstrate that there is a pervasive lexico-semantic association bones are strength in the languages of Melanesia, but that its linguistic expression is highly varied; languages are scattered along a lexical-to-clausal cline in their expression of the association between bone and strength, with a large number of language-specific idioms based on the association to be observed in Melanesia. I argue that the striking areality of this lexico-semantic association is readily missed in top-down approaches to lexical semantic typology that rely, for instance, on databases of word lists, or on narrow search domains limited to the meanings of simplex lexemes.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinship terminologies reveal ancient contact zone in the Hindu Kush 亲属术语揭示了古接触带在兴都库什山脉
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2080
Henrik Liljegren
{"title":"Kinship terminologies reveal ancient contact zone in the Hindu Kush","authors":"Henrik Liljegren","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Hindu Kush, or the mountain region of northern Pakistan, north-eastern Afghanistan and the northern-most part of the Indian-administered Kashmir region, is home to approximately 50 languages belonging to six different genera: Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, Sino-Tibetan, Turkic and the isolate Burushaski. Areality research on this region is only in its early stages, and while its significance as a convergence area has been suggested by several scholars, only a few, primarily phonological and grammatical, features have been studied in a more systematic fashion. Cross-linguistic research in the realms of semantics and lexical organization has been given considerably less attention. However, preliminary findings indicate that features are geographically bundled with one another, across genera, in significant ways, displaying semantic areality on multiple levels throughout the region or in one or more of its sub-regions. The present study is an areal-typological investigation of kinship terms in the region, in which particular attention is paid to a few notable polysemy patterns and what appears to be a significant geographical clustering of these. Comparisons are made between the geographical distribution of such patterns and those of some other linguistic features as well as with relevant non-linguistic factors related to shared cultural values or identities and a long history of small-scale cross-community interaction in different parts of the region.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"211 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lingty-2021-2080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44019848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Red, black, and white hearts: ‘heart’, ‘liver’, and ‘lungs’ in typological and areal perspective 红色、黑色和白色心脏：从类型学和区域学角度看“心脏”、“肝脏”和“肺部”
IF 2 2区 文学
Linguistic Typology Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-2081
M. Urban
{"title":"Red, black, and white hearts: ‘heart’, ‘liver’, and ‘lungs’ in typological and areal perspective","authors":"M. Urban","doi":"10.1515/lingty-2021-2081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-2081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On the basis of a sample of 424 languages or dialects, this article provides a typological-comparative investigation of designations for three major internal organs of the torso, the ‘heart’, the ‘liver’, and the ‘lungs’. While colexification patterns are relatively unconstrained, the data show a skewing in morphologically complex terms: ‘heart’ and ‘liver’ often serve as head nouns in complex terms for ‘lungs’, but the reverse is rare. Another recurrent phenomenon is that two of the organs –sometimes ‘heart’ and ‘lungs’, but more frequently ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’– share their head noun, and are distinguished from one another by modifiers that refer to their most salient characteristics, as in Azerbaijani aɣ ǯiyær ‘white ǯiyær’ = ‘lungs’ and gara-ǯiyær ‘black-ǯiyær’ = ‘liver’. Having thus set the typological stage, I move on to discuss two different regions of the world in which such terms for ‘lungs’ and ‘liver’ have spread through language contact. This has happened in Eurasia, where the abovementioned pattern, which I call “explicitly dyadic”, was brought from Turkish to vernaculars of the Balkans and, most likely through Azerbaijani influence, to languages of the Southern Caucasus. Similar explicitly dyadic terms, but based on a head noun meaning ‘heart’, also occur in the Andes, where they appear to have spread from Quechuan to Barbacoan languages. The evidence not only shows that ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’ form a “semantic dyad” in which designations make use of “opposed characteristics” in different regions of the world, but also that such designations are salient and therefore prone to spread in language contact situations.","PeriodicalId":45834,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Typology","volume":"26 1","pages":"349 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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