Indian Economic and Social History Review最新文献

{"title":"Book Reviews : TIRTHANKAR ROY, The Economic History of India, 1857-1947. Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000, pp. 318","authors":"D. Ludden","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000106","url":null,"abstract":"University system, which through its departments and disciplines, displays and perpetuates this logic of the division of knowledge into facts and values or the sciences and the arts. The social sciences (or anything that has both mind and body like medicine), then, are not a mediating third but schizoid children of an original schism that renews itself by replication. This is a persuasive story. A story with many variants that usually begins with Descartes rather than Kant and recounts how all the solutions offered by postCartesian theorists-solutions that essentially attempt to put res cogitans and res extensa back together-have failed. And usually it is a story that is told about one side of the fact-value divide: how the attempt to study values modelled on the study of facts (positivism) is either doomed to failure, and/or the study of values ought by the same logic to be constituted differently (interpretation/narrative). This story presupposes-and Abbott’s argument certainly does-that the sciences (with the exception of the biological sciences) are not subject to this kind of","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"109 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : MEENA RADHAKRISHNA, Dishonoured by History? Criminal Tribes and British Colonial Policy, New Delhi, Orient Longman, 2001, pp. 192","authors":"R. Ahuja","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000111","url":null,"abstract":"particularly oppressive piece of colonial legislation, the ’Criminal Tribes Act’ (CTA) of 1911. While the first law of this kind had been enacted four decades earlier, the 1911 Act was significant in that it further facilitated the notification of ’criminal tribes’ by authorising local officials to register members of itinerant communities and their relatives summarily, without any legal procedure, as ’hereditary criminals’ . Moreover, the act extended ’criminal tribes’ legislation for the first time to the Madras Presidency. Radhakrishna’s study focuses specifically on implications of the CTA for the South Indian Koravar, Yerukula and Koracha communities whose traditional subsistence strategies (namely itinerant salt and grain trade) had progressively failed them after the mid-nineteenth century due to the introduction of railways, investment in roads and colonial revenue policies. Contextualising the debate on ’criminal tribes’ in the wider Victorian discourse on ’crime’, the author points out that British administrators in India laid far less emphasis on eugenic than on sociological ’explanations’ of crime. Hence nomadic communities were deemed to be criminal not because of their genetic disposition, but rather due to ’irrational’ habits (e.g., allegedly ’aimless wandering’), ‘immoral’ customs (e.g., easy divorce) and to a loss of traditional means of subsistence. ’Criminal tribes’, therefore, required civilisational effort, i.e., education backed up by coercion, and this was what the CTAs were intended to provide a legal framework for. Koravars, Yerukulas and Korachas, like other nomadic communities, had combined itinerant trade with other economic activities such as cattle breeding and the production of bamboo items. Yet when pack bullocks were increasingly replaced by carts and railways, when itinerant traders were sidelined by merchant firms, the colonial administration concluded that these communities had lost all ’visible sources of income’ and were, therefore, bound to take to crime. This was","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"119 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : SHAMITA BASU, Religious Revivalism as Nationalist Discourse. Swami Vivekananda and New Hinduism in Nineteenth Century Bengal, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 202","authors":"A. P. Sen","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000112","url":null,"abstract":"or Swami Vivekananda were ’reformers’ in the accepted sense of the term of ’made valuable contributions to the Indian social and religious reform movements in the nineteenth century’. In the case of Vivekananda, it would have been important to draw a distinction between a liberal-reformist outlook and active participation in organised reform campaigns. And Sri Ramakrishna, one would have to say, does not fit into either of these categories. Again, contrary to what is claimed, this is not","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"122 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : CATHERINE A. ROBINSON, Tradition and Liberation: The Hindu Tradition in the Indian Women's Movement, Surrey, Curzon Press, 1999, pp. 230","authors":"Charu Gupta","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000110","url":null,"abstract":"or on water. Autumn crime was different from winter crime. Besides, the incidence of crime was not necessarily greatest in regions of most acute scarcity. Reading this chapter, one feels that so much more work of this kind is waiting to be done. We also witness the working of the colonial system in its application of the rule of property. Property was so sacrosanct that its damage was regarded as more dastardly and culpable than murder! The 1837-38 famine was a landmark in that, for the first time, it witnessed a systematic attempt at famine relief on the part of the state. It was the alarming scale of crime and the almost total breakdown of law and order that necessitated this effort. Even as relief measures were being undertaken, there were fears of promoting indolence among the relief-seekers. Hence the idea was to provide only enough for the barest minimum of subsistence. There was also a reluctance to interfere with the ’natural’ functioning of the market. And yet changes were taking place. The new classifications of destitutes and paupers broke down traditional indigenous identities. Famine relief acted as a social leveller, much to the discomfiture of the traditional elites. Thus the colonial state was revealed in all its","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : SANJAY JOSHI, Fractured Modernity. Making of a Middle Class in Colonial North India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 187","authors":"F. Orsini","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000107","url":null,"abstract":"global context of the last 20 years, in which neo-classical economists and freemarketeers have been striving with new vigour and increasing success to rule economies everywhere, educators will want to make students think hard about what an ’economy’ actually is; this will require additional reading to convey that economic history is more than time series data on market operations and growth trajectories. I","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"111 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : HARIPRIYA RANGAN, Of Myths and Movements: Rewriting Chipko into Himalayan History, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 272. AKHILESHWAR PATHAK, Laws, Strategies and Ideologies: Legislating Forests in Colonial India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 185","authors":"A. Prasad","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000113","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of environmental history in the last decades of the twentieth century opened up history writing to new themes and uncharted terrain. These included an exploration of the histories of states and polities in their relationship with natural resources on the one hand and history of movements for the rights of the people on the other. In the course of writing these histories the dominant discourses also made scathing critiques of modern development paradigms and their impact on marginalised and disadvantaged sections of the society. The resultant ideology of the ’Environmentalism of the Poor’ was done by people who were involved with existing environmental movements as activists or merely as ideologues. Today, after 15 years of the advent of environmentalism, the movements that provided it inspiration find themselves in a crisis. Little wonder then that there is now a serious attempt to re-evaluate the approaches of environmental history that popularised environmentalism as an ideology amongst Indian intelligentsia. The books under review are an attempt precisely at this task. Haripriya Rangan’s book Of Myths and Movements is an attempt to reinterpret the Chipko movement and its meaning for sustainable regional development. She writes that Chipko was a ’social movement’ that emerged nearly 25 years ago in the Garhwal Himalayas, and today ’transformed by a variety of narratives it exists","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"124 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle, crime and colonialism: Property as negotiation in north India","authors":"D. Gilmartin","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000102","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle theft was a common crime in British India, and yet one marked by contradictions. While the protection of property was for many a defining feature of the modern state, colonial administrators were often loath to interfere in the negotiations by which Indians commonly arranged the return of stolen cattle. By examining one important prosecution of cattle theft in Punjab's Karnal district in 1913, this article argues that the state, local communities and individuals negotiated the meaning of property at multiple levels. Property was not a fixed concept, but rather a field of negotiation in which the relationship of state, community and individual were tiefined.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"33 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 'hut' and the 'axe': The 1947 Sylhet referendum","authors":"B. Chakrabarty","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900401","url":null,"abstract":"an unfolding of historical processes in which people were drawn spontaneously or under compulsion, and participated as significant actors in what was, among other things, ’a history of struggle’ for survival in changed circumstances following the construction of new political identities as Indians and Pakistanis. Independence came in 1947, but with it came Partition. Not simply a British decree, but various schemes in which different modalities were followed, divided India. For the accession of princely states, the consent of the rulers was sought to amicably settle the issue of amalgamation with either of the independent nations. The Muslim-majority provinces, Bengal and Punjab, had decided for partition by voting by the respective legislators. Under the chairmanship of Ceril Radcliffe, two Boundary Commissions were accordingly appointed to demarcate the boundaries. There was also a third way of referendum through which new boundaries were drawn, separating the two independent dominions. Following the outcome of the referendum, the fate of Sylhet in Assam and the North West Frontier Province was decided. All these modalities were clearly stated in Louis Mountbatten’s 3 June statement.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"317 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77335601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : ROMILA THAPAR, Śakuntalā: Texts, Readings, Histories, Delhi: Kali for Women, 1999, pp. x + 272, Rs 400","authors":"D. Shulman","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900412","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to the Abhijiianasakuntala, an almost eery unanimity prevails. Medieval Sanskrit commentators and poeticians declare unambiguously that among all plays (notakam), this work is the finest. Goethe, as is well known, upgraded the Sakuntala’s perfection to embrace everything that ’charms, bewitches, nourishes, and satisfies’ in the world, whether in heaven or on earth. A long series of European Romantics, Orientalists and Bengali modernists vied in inventing","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"452 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82372075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews : AYESHA JALAL, Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam since 1850, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 630","authors":"D. Gilmartin","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"111 1","pages":"458 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89615291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}