Estudios Atacamenos最新文献

{"title":"Seal-skinners lobeando en territorio chono, aónikenk y chilote, 1830-1845","authors":"Marcelo Mayorga Zúñiga","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"espanolHacia fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX, en el contexto de un periodo de expansion por parte de naciones europeas y la naciente republica norteamericana, empieza a desarrollarse la caza comercial de lobos marinos, y en tal sentido, el extremo austral de America, se configuraria como uno de las principales areas de sus incursiones. Este trabajo busca contribuir a conocer mayores antecedentes respecto de la presencia de este grupo de navegantes, en relacion a la interaccion sostenida con los aborigenes australes y las actividades cinegeticas propiamente tales. El estudio se basa en documentos ineditos, especificamente bitacoras (logbooks) de embarcaciones loberas estadounidenses. Se plantea la hipotesis de que esta actividad comercial fue mucho mas que un transitorio deambular dedicado a la obtencion y acopio de pieles para su posterior traslado a mercados lejanos, por el contrario, los cazadores de lobos establecieron una estrecha relacion con los aborigenes que poblaban dichos territorios, ademas de generar un paulatino proceso de familiarizacion con la geografia. EnglishTowards the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century, in the context of a period of expansion on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial hunting of fur seals began to develop, and in this sense, the southern end of America became one of the main areas of their incursions. This work seeks to contribute to know more background regarding the presence of this group of navigators, in relation to the sustained interaction with the austral aborigines, as well as, regarding hunting activities. The study is based on unpublished documents, specifically American sealing ship logs. It is hypothesized that this commercial activity was much more than a transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and collecting skins for distant markets, on the contrary, fur-seal hunters established a close relationship with the aborigines who populated these territories, in addition to generating a gradual process of familiarization with geography.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"31 1","pages":"85-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77506913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El Impacto político, económico y social de la pesca del atún con almadrabas en el levante de la península ibérica","authors":"Judit Vidal Bonavila","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Tuna traps are a long history art, being one of the oldest fishing industries of the world. From this object of study we can disaggregate multiple aspects of this activity from different points of view (productive, economical, political and social). This paper focuses on the analysis of tuna traps from the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia and Catalonia) in XVIth and XVIIth centuries. In this chronology, fisheries contributed to the economic and cultural development of the regions that have been studied, but also to the western Mediterranean Sea as a whole. For this reason, it is important to compare these fishing areas with those from the most important fishing regions, especially the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and the south of the Iberian Peninsula. On the other hand, they also have to be related to other regions at an international level, so as to know the impact of these traps in each territory, in addition to the commercial and cultural relations that were designed to take advantage of sea resources. This method is based on the study of primary documentary sources kept in state and private archives of the mentioned regions.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"69 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87926631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memorias e imaginarios del ciclo pesquero entre los tripulantes industriales del puerto de Iquique, norte de Chile (1960-1990)","authors":"Claudio Aguirre Munizaga, C. Mondaca","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa industria pesquera en Iquique paso por distintos ciclos, de abundancia y escasez, principalmente por los vaivenes del mercado y la naturaleza, los cuales fueron marcando la industria a lo largo de su historia. Dentro de este contexto, se analizan las memorias e imaginarios sociales sobre esta nueva etapa economica de la region, a partir de sus actores principales, los pescadores industriales del puerto de Iquique (conocidos como “tripulantes”), tomando en cuenta el conjunto de practicas, laborales y culturales, de clase y genero. Inferimos que se conforman cuatro imaginarios colectivos de diferenciacion instituidos desde la base de su especificidad laboral, la que va a estar supeditada por la transformacion de la tecnologia de extraccion y del mercado (auge economico), generando nuevos cambios sociales entre los tripulantes y sus practicas culturales heterogeneas. EnglishThe fishing industry in Iquique went through different cycles of abundance and shortage, mainly by the vagaries of the market and the nature, which were marking the industry along its history. Within this context, we are analysing the reports and social imaginary on this new stage of the economic region, from its principal actors, the industrial fishermen from the port of Iquique (known as \"crew\"), and taking into account the set of practices, labor and cultural, class and gender. We infer that conform four imaginary collectives of differentiation introduced since the basis of its specificity of labor, which is going to be subject to the transformation of the mining technology and market (economic boom), generating new social changes among the crew and their cultural practices heterogeneous.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"116 1","pages":"7-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pescadores artesanales y prácticas pesqueras a inicios del siglo XX. Entre el control estatal y la libertad de pesca","authors":"Pablo Max Camus Gayan, M. Arias","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo busca evidenciar como el Estado fue delimitando y prohibiendo algunas practicas de pesca artesanal a comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de proteger los recursos marinos bajo principios racionales y de conservacionismo, y en beneficio del erario nacional, cambiando la logica de bienes comunes y libertad de pesca. Asi, este articulo plantea que tras la promulgacion de la Ley de Pesca de 1907 en Chile, se inicio tanto un proceso de apropiacion fiscal y cercamiento de los espacios y bienes comunes litorales y marinos, como tambien un proceso de intervencion del Estado en las practicas de los pescadores artesanales, especialmente en que, como y cuando pescar. Esta intervencion cambio radicalmente las practicas de la pesca artesanal y la relacion del hombre con el mar durante las primeras decadas del siglo XX. EnglishThis article seeks to show how the State was delimiting and prohibiting some artisanal fishing practices in the early twentieth century, in order to protect marine resources under rational principles and conservationism for the benefit of the national treasury, changing the logic of common property and freedom fishing. Thus, this article states that after the enactment of the Fisheries Act of 1907 in Chile, both a process of fiscal appropriation and enclosure of coastal and marine common spaces and goods was initiated, as well as a process of State intervention in practices of artisanal fishers, especially in what, how and when to fish. This intervention radically changed the practices of artisanal fishing and the relationship between man and the sea during the first decades of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"30 1","pages":"109-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enfermedad degenerativa articular en el esqueleto apendicular de cazadores-recolectores del sur de la cuenca del Plata","authors":"Bárbara Mazza","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0025","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa enfermedad degenerativa articular (EDA) es una de las patologias oseas mas comunes de sociedades pasadas y presentes. Se caracteriza por la destruccion del cartilago que recubre las articulaciones, cuya etiologia esta relacionada con factores intrinsecos y extrinsecos al individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las prevalencias de la EDA en el esqueleto apendicular de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras que habitaron el sur de la cuenca del Plata (Argentina) hacia fines del Holoceno Tardio. A la vez, se propone evaluar la relacion de la EDA con la edad y sexo de los individuos, sus indices de robusticidad diafisiaria, tamano corporal, sitios y unidades arqueologicas. Para esto se registro la presencia de osteofitos marginales y superficiales, porosidad y eburnacion en una muestra de 921 superficies articulares. Los resultados indican que la EDA presenta una prevalencia del 11,29% de la muestra total, y se manifiesta principalmente entre individuos femeninos mayores a los 35 anos, en tamanos corporales pequenos y en elementos oseos con altos indices de robusticidad diafisiaria. Estos resultados sugieren que factores etarios, hormonales, geneticos y mecanicos habrian influido en la presencia de la EDA. EnglishDegenerative joint disease (DJD) is one of the commonest bone pathologies in past and present societies. It is characterized by fragmentation of the synovial joint cartilage, whose etiology is related to individual´s intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The objective of this work is to explore DJD prevalence in the appendicular skeleton of late Holocene hunter-gathers from the southern point of La Plata Basin (Argentina). In addition, this work evaluates the relationship between DJD and the age and sex of the individuals, their midshaft robusticity indices, body size, archaeological sites and units. To this end, the presence of marginal and surface osteophytes, porosity and/or eburnation were registered on 921 articular surfaces. The results show that DJD has a prevalence of 11.29% in the total sample, and it manifests mainly among individuals females above 35 years of age, in small body sizes and in long bones with high midshaft robusticity indices. These results suggest that age, hormones, genetics and mechanical factors might have influenced the presence of DJD.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"42 1","pages":"171-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propuestas de inversiones chinas en territorio mapuche: Resistencias a la minería metalífera en Loncopué","authors":"L. Wagner","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0028","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa existencia de conflictos socioambientales en Argentina ha ganado creciente visibilidad en la opinion publica y en los medios de comunicacion. Aquellos conflictos suscitados por la potencial instalacion de proyectos mineros a gran escala, principalmente metaliferos, se destacan por su cantidad y productividad. Este articulo pretende avanzar en la caracterizacion de estos procesos conflictivos, a partir del analisis de uno de los ultimos conflictos generados en Argentina, en la localidad de Loncopue, provincia de Neuquen, donde una empresa de capitales chinos intento llevar adelante una exploracion minera en territorio mapuche. A traves de un trabajo etnografico con las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto, la investigacion tiene como objetivo central dar cuenta de la heterogenea trama de relaciones que dieron lugar al rechazo al proyecto minero, que se materializo en la realizacion de un referendum (consulta popular). Se busca tambien, en menor proporcion, indagar en las estrategias que las empresas chinas despliegan en el territorio para llevar adelante sus inversiones. La investigacion demuestra que estos conflictos empujan cambios sociales en pequenas comunidades que impactan en la institucionalidad en materia ambiental y de derechos de las comunidades indigenas. EnglishThe existence of socio-environmental conflicts in Argentina has gained increasing visibility in public opinion and in the media. Those conflicts caused by the potential installation of large-scale mining projects, mainly metalliferous, stand out for their quantity and productivity. This paper is expected to advance in the characterization of these conflictive processes, based on the analysis of one of the last conflicts generated in Argentina, in the Loncopue locality, Neuquen province, where a Chinese company tried to carry out a mining exploration in Mapuche’s territory. Through an ethnographic work with the communities affected by the conflict, the research has how central objective to give account of the heterogeneous network of relationships that gave rise to the mining project rejection, which was materialized in the realization of a “referendum” (popular consultation). In less proportion, it also seeks to investigate the strategies that Chinese companies deploy in the territory to carry out their investments. This work shows that these conflicts push social changes in small communities. These changes impact on the environmental institutionality and indigenous communities rights.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"25 1","pages":"315-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73573439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grandes narrativas, pequeños agricultores: Explorando desbordes académicos en el caso de los excedentes de agua en el valle de Motupe, Perú","authors":"Carolina Domínguez Guzmán","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0029","url":null,"abstract":"In the Motupe valley on the north coast of Peru, the cultivation of mango for export is in the hands of smallholders, many of whom cultivate on communal lands without water rights or official approval to grow perennial crops. In this article I present the case of the smallholders, known as excedentes de agua, who only have access to irrigate in time of abundance or excess water. Although these small farmers are considered displaced by modern agro-export, they and their mango plantations have managed to put down roots in a desert climate and adverse market sector. They challenge in this way, not only such conditions for doing agriculture, but also how to write about them and their water realities. It is this last point that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Inspired by actor-network theory, this article presents alternative ways to situate the partial ontologies that emerge from the case study as a point of interference – to converse or interchange with the grand narratives and their holistic aspirations, without having to add to them.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"21 1","pages":"365-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86285535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Así ocupo un lugar’. Situación de calle y las otras formas de habitar la ciudad en Chile y Uruguay","authors":"Leonardo Piña Cabrera","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0027","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSobre la base de diversos materiales testimoniales y fotograficos producidos a partir de la entrevista en profundidad y fotografia participativa, este articulo se pregunta por la situacion de calle como una otra forma de habitar la ciudad por parte de un grupo de personas que las usan para vivir en Montevideo y Paysandu, en Uruguay, y Arica y Santiago, en Chile. Parte de una investigacion mayor, propone como posibilidad un modo de habitar relacional, problematizandose acerca del impacto que la perspectivade la desafiliacion y el punto de vista domiciliado tienen en la invisibilizacion de este habitar, si bien material en su manifestacion, fundamentalmente jugado en su significacion. EnglishOn the basis of several testimonial and photographic materials produced by indepth interview and photovoice, this article asks about of the homelessness as another way of inhabiting the city by a group of homeless people who use the streets to live in Montevideo and Paysandu, in Uruguay, and Arica and Santiago, in Chile. Part of a larger research, proposes as a possibility a way to inhabit relational, problematizing about the impact that the perspective of the disaffiliation and the viewpoint of domicile have on the invisibility of this dwelling, although material in its manifestation, fundamentally played in its significance.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"48 1","pages":"105-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Chilote tipo salmón”. Relaciones entre comodificación de la naturaleza y procesos de producción identitaria El caso de la región de Los Lagos y la industria salmonera","authors":"B. Bustos, J. Delano, M. Prieto","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the case of the installation of the salmon industry in the Los Lagos region, to review the relationship between territorial commoditization and identity. In this work we identify the processes through which the materiality of the salmon could alter or trigger transformations in the local identity. From a review and discussion of the literature on neoliberalism as forms of production of citizenship and subjectivity, with special emphasis on that exploring the Latin American case, but also the literature from political ecology on commoditization of nature, we answer the following question: what strategies have been generated among local actors for facing effect on their identities of the arrival and production of the salmon commodity? We argue from political ecology and related approaches, the thesis that the commoditization of nature and territory not only implies the control or co-production of the environment but is also interwoven with processes of identity and citizenship formation. In other words, certain forms of identities are articulated through the management and control of nature and territory, which in turn influence said management.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"27 1","pages":"383-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91188142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“…y nos vamos a ir toditos para abajo”. Ontologías subterráneas en conflicto en Tierra Amarilla","authors":"Sebastián Ureta, Andrés Contreras","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0055","url":null,"abstract":"En noviembre de 2013, ocurrió un gran hundimiento de terreno cerca de Tierra Amarilla, una ciudad minera del norte de Chile. Este evento causó alarma inmediata entre la población local, debido a la posibilidad de nuevos hundimientos directamente bajo sus casas. Para abordar esta inquietud, compañías mineras locales establecieron una mesa de trabajo con representantes de la comunidad, autoridades y expertos en minería. Al centro del trabajo de esta mesa estuvo la difícil convivencia entre dos ontologías contrastantes respecto al subsuelo minero de la zona, una asociada con riesgos y ruinas, la otra con transparencia y control. Usando herramientas conceptuales de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología (CTS), en el presente artículo esta mesa de trabajo será analizada como un proceso enfocado en transformar esta primera ontología meramente en una creencia errónea, un “mito” derivado de la ignorancia de la población local. Pese a que esta mesa ha sido celebrada como la aplicación perfecta de los principios de responsabilidad social en el sector minero, este artículo concluye que tal éxito es solamente un ejercicio de equivocación que poco ha hecho por lidiar con las inquietudes iniciales de la población de Tierra Amarilla.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}