Media War and Conflict最新文献

{"title":"Messiness in photography, war and transitions to peace: Revisiting Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace","authors":"R. Bellmer, F. Möller","doi":"10.1177/17506352211072463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211072463","url":null,"abstract":"During and after the wars in ex-Yugoslavia, Bosnia was a laboratory for new photographic approaches to war, violence and civilian suffering. Among these approaches, Fred Ritchin and Gilles Peress’s online photo essay, Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace (1996), emphasized interpretive openness, plurality of meaning, narrative non-linearity and audience interaction, thus redefining as merits what photojournalism had formerly regarded as liabilities. The project convincingly represented the ongoing conflict’s multilayeredness and the vicissitudes of the transition to peace: on a day-to-day level, ambivalence ruled and alliances shifted; chaos, confusion and unpredictability prevailed. The project’s users experience the conflict’s messiness through the website’s overall organization which inhibits easy orientation, thus reproducing the conflict’s disorder. In the grids, in particular, non-sequitur panel-to-panel transitions illustrate the conflict’s lack of sense as it is traditionally understood. The project is an important precursor to current war photography, aiming to acknowledge the messiness of violent conflict rather than reducing it to simple but misleading narratives.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"265 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drone affective politics against state impunity: The case of 43 disappeared students in Ayotzinapa, Mexico","authors":"Marcela Suárez Estrada","doi":"10.1177/17506352211066175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211066175","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes some implications of new drone aesthetics involved in affective politics against state impunity in social conflicts. Whereas the literature on media, war and conflict has been centered around the war aesthetics of military drones, the author argues that civilian drones can mobilize affective politics – expressed, for example, in the aestheticization of shame, rage and the subversion of fear – as a means of political communication with and against the state. Further, she proposes that the present focus on drone aesthetics should be expanded to also account for the political affects that aesthetic sensory perceptions mobilize. Drawing on actor-network theory and new materialism, the article takes the disappearance of 43 students in Ayotzinapa (Mexico) as an exemplary case of state impunity in the context of the war against drugs and social conflict. By means of a digital ethnography of the social collective project Rexiste, the author analyzes its public interventions deploying a civil drone named ‘Droncita’, which sought to generate an aesthetics of affect against state impunity. The article contributes toward expanding investigation of (civilian) drone aesthetics and the mobilization of affective politics in the literature on war and social conflicts and collective action.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"246 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42236376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-regime-change Afghan and Iraqi media systems: Strategic ambivalence as technology of media governance","authors":"M. Salih","doi":"10.1177/17506352211062749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211062749","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the governance of post-US invasion Afghan and Iraqi media systems by analyzing provisions pertinent to public broadcasting, licensing, and defamation in 14 laws and policy documents in the two nations. The author argues that the results point to a regime of regulatory ambivalence whereby state authorities have established an ontologically incongruent complex of legal and policy structures characterized by a simultaneous cohabitation of democratic and authoritarian tendencies. This ambivalence, born of struggles and contestations between state authorities, domestic civil societies and external supporters and donors, is a deliberate technology of media governance. The authoritarian tendencies of this regulatory regime have implications for media/journalists’ self-regulation as they are designed to curtail the agency of media institutions and journalists, and assert government control over speech and the flow of information.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"228 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42246341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portrait of liberal chaos: RT’s antagonistic strategic narration about the Netherlands","authors":"Aiden Hoyle, Helma van den Berg, B. Doosje, Martijn Kitzen","doi":"10.1177/17506352211064705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211064705","url":null,"abstract":"Hostile political actors can use antagonistic strategic narration as a means of marring the image of targeted states in the international arena. The current article presents a content analysis of narratives about the Netherlands that were published by Russian state-sponsored media outlet RT between 2018 and 2020, capturing a period of heightened tension between the states. The authors distil and describe six overarching narratives used to portray the Netherlands as a state of liberal chaos. They analyse them using a framework of strategies underpinning Russian state-sponsored media’s narration, and interpret their strategic functions within the context of recent Dutch–Russian relations. Finally, they provide directions for future research, such as expanding on nuances within Russian media’s negative portrayals of different states or exploring the possible psychological responses this narration may elicit in the Dutch domestic audience.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"209 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iconic war images and the myth of the ‘good American Soldier’","authors":"Megan MacKenzie","doi":"10.1177/17506352211059130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211059130","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the ‘good American soldier’ as a gendered ideal type shaped by, and reproductive of, myths about American military success, romantic notions of small-town working and white America, notions of heterosexual virility, and ableist stereotypes about personal resilience. Drawing from an analysis of 10 years of media coverage of an iconic image dubbed the ‘Marlboro Marine’, the article outlines three specific myths linked to the ‘good American soldier’, in order to provide an insight into ideals of militarized masculinity and the gendered myths that shape American nationalism and identity. In developing this analysis, the article extends existing work on military masculinities by introducing the ‘good American soldier’ ideal type and explores the multiple myths associated with this ideal type. The article also demonstrates how a media narrative analysis that covers an extended period of time makes it possible to observe shifting narratives associated with the ‘good American soldier’.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"192 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Salomi Boukala, European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press: Argumentation and Media Discourse","authors":"Wenting Zhao","doi":"10.1177/17506352211052722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211052722","url":null,"abstract":"European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press can be placed in a body of research in discourse studies that has emerged since the outset of the European integration project (Wodak and Boukala, 2015). This research studies European identity – whether it is possible, what challenges it faces and discourses of inclusion and exclusion. European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press looks, in particular, at the discursive constructions of European identity during a period when there have been waves of migration into Europe, particularly of people from Muslim countries, creating newer waves of what have been characterized as popular nationalist discourses (Wodak, 2015). This body of research can be characterized as having two overlapping domains of focus. One of these is how people narrate grassroots identities through interactions (Zappettini, 2019). The other is about the role of institutions and the discourse of identity they seek to impose on people (Wodak and Fairclough, 1997). Boukala’s contribution fits into the second of these, looking at the representation of European identities as expressed in different national news outlets in Greece, France and Britain. This is clearly seen as highly relevant at present, with another important recent volume by Galpin (2017) covering similar ground. Both of these books explore how different national media represent the legitimacy of the EU project in the face of new challenges. In particular, Boukala asks to what extent the place of Muslim people within the EU, often represented as alien to European culture, ideas and traditions, has provided any kind of rallying point to foster an ‘Us’. Boukala takes up from a trajectory of work on national news media across the EU (Krzyżanowski, 2009; Triandafyllidou et al., 2009). Here, there is a sense that domestic news outlets consistently suppress or challenge the possibility of providing any kind of pan-European interpretations of events. Rather than unity, there has been a pattern of consistent contestation. And what is striking for Boukala is how consistently representations of the EU are strongly characterized by what she calls the ‘blame game’ (p. 6) where the union becomes the cause of all kinds of ills. 1052722 MWC0010.1177/17506352211052722Media, War & ConflictBook review research-article2021","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"15 1","pages":"257 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active agency, access and power","authors":"Virpi Salojärvi, R. Jensen","doi":"10.1177/17506352211037318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211037318","url":null,"abstract":"In this special issue on active agency, access and power, we move beyond media representations of people, objects and events during war and conflict, which often underpin research at the intersection of Media and War Studies. We do so by focusing on active citizenry, participation and journalism in different communication networks, across societies and communities, and from a diversity of perspectives. More specifically, the individual contributions to this special issue explore, question and challenge – in different ways – how agency, access and power are negotiated through multiple media discourses, technologies, outlets and everyday practices during war and conflict. They articulate and emphasize the need for a plurality of voices and levels of participation in the interplay between social actors and technology, and they demonstrate how agency emerges in, and is shaped by, distinct media practices, institutions, emotions and affects in this context. Before we introduce the individual contributions that make up this special issue, we briefly engage with the key notions that underpin the debates they address. Agency is multi-faceted and, at times, ill-defined. Yet, here, agency is understood as","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"14 1","pages":"263 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dangerous or political? Kenyan youth negotiating political agency in the age of ‘new terrorism’","authors":"M. H. Mohamed","doi":"10.1177/17506352211028406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211028406","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how the online Kenyan press constructs ‘radicalization’ and how youth challenge these constructions. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) through NVivo, the author analyzed two corpora, one of news texts and the second composed of transcripts from two focus group discussions conducted with youth in Mombasa. The analysis shows the media persistently depoliticize youth by constructing them as a dangerous ‘Other’. In contrast, youth challenge this image by claiming political agency through (re)defining their identities using language and material practices. The construction of actors in discourses of radicalization highlights a specific understanding of radicalism and violence, and impacts framing of the Preventing/Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) agenda. The author concludes by showing the implications of the different constructions of youth identities and how youth legitimately enact agency within these bounds. This article raises crucial questions on the practices of meaning-making by individuals and media actors.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"14 1","pages":"303 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17506352211028406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42976111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victims or intruders? Refugee portrayals in the news in Turkey, Bulgaria and the UK","authors":"Emel Ozdora-Aksak, C. Connolly-Ahern, D. Dimitrova","doi":"10.1177/17506352211013482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211013482","url":null,"abstract":"News shapes audiences’ views of people and events beyond their immediate physical environment. Since the mass migration of refugees from Syria represents one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history, its news coverage necessarily shaped the way global audiences understood the crisis. This qualitative study employs critical discourse analysis (CDA), specifically Van Leeuwen’s Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis (2008) as a social practice approach, to reveal and compare the discursive strategies used in the print media coverage of the Syrian refugees in three European countries: Turkey, Bulgaria and the UK. The findings show significant differences in the discourse used to describe the refugees and different approaches in terms of contextualization, spaces and actions depicted in the media coverage in each country. The study reveals the ongoing dialogue between journalistic practice and political decision making in three countries impacted to varying extents by the ongoing crisis.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"14 1","pages":"282 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42921465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic conflict studies: Making sense of war in the social media age","authors":"Jakob Hauter","doi":"10.1177/17506352211037325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352211037325","url":null,"abstract":"Online media is a blessing and a curse for academic research on war. On the one hand, the internet provides unprecedented access to information from conflict zones. On the other hand, the prevalence of disinformation can make it difficult to use this information in a transparent way. This article proposes digital forensic process tracing as a methodological innovation to tackle this challenge and make case study research on the causes of war fit for the social media age. It argues that two important features of process-tracing methodology – source criticism and Bayesian updating – are well developed in theory but are rarely applied to the study of armed conflict. Digital forensic process tracing applies these features to online media sources by drawing on the journalistic practice of open source intelligence (OSINT) analysis. This article uses the case of the war in eastern Ukraine’s Donbas region to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":45719,"journal":{"name":"Media War and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"153 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17506352211037325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}