{"title":"Digital Platforms and Analogue Policies: Governance Issues in Canadian Cultural Policy","authors":"M. S. Jeannotte","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n2a4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n2a4225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Canada, a complex set of public action instruments have been used over the past 100 years or so to encourage, regulate, and support Canadian cultural expression. Analysis: During this period, governments were primarily motivated by three normative imperatives: national identity, economic vitality, and cultural diversity. This article explores the cultural stakes for Canada in the digital platform environment to determine if these normative perspectives are still valid. Conclusion and implications: Cultural policies rooted in the “analogue” past continue to be relevant in the “digital” present, but a new normative imperative—enhancing democracy, fairness, and cultural rights—appears to be emerging.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI and the Automation of Warfare","authors":"F. McKelvey, Jeremy Packer, Joshua Reeves","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n2a4303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n2a4303","url":null,"abstract":"On June 16, 2021, Fenwick McKelvey met with Jeremy Packer and Joshua Reeves (2020) to discuss their work, including their recently co-authored book Killer Apps: War, Media, Machine. McKelvey’s (2018) work focuses on algorithmic media and its implications for communication, including his book Internet Daemons: Digital Communications Possessed. Packer’s (2008) work is generally concerned with the use of automated, military, and mobile media for purposes of governance, surveillance, and political control.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archetypes and Homophilic Avatars: New Approaches to Studying Far-Right Facebook Practice","authors":"M. Devries","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3931","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: The concept of archetypes is often deployed to understand people engaged with far-right or right-wing online content. However, this can lead to essentializing as- sumptions that overlook how users are mobilized to participate with these politics. \u0000Analysis: This article theorizes how users are mobilized to perform far-right politics by conceptualizing them as embodying homophilic avatars, treating online practice as per- formative and homophily as an online and offline force. \u0000Conclusion and implications: Through qualitative analysis on Facebook, the homophilic avatar shows how users are driven to engage with far-right or right-wing content via political performativity and homophily, as opposed to psychological tendencies. \u0000RÉSUMÉ \u0000Contexte : On a souvent recours au concept d’archétype pour comprendre les gens qui accèdent à des contenus de droite ou d’extrême droite en ligne. Cependant, un tel concept peut entraîner des partis pris réducteurs où l’on oublie comment les utilisateurs sont réel- lement mobilisés pour s’intéresser à de tels contenus. \u0000Analyse : Cet article évalue comment les utilisateurs sont encouragés à s’engager dans des politiques d’extrême droite. Il le fait en conceptualisant ceux-ci comme étant des ava- tars homophiliques qui conçoivent leurs activités en ligne comme étant performatives et l’homophilie comme étant une force en ligne et hors ligne. \u0000Conclusion et implications : Par une analyse qualitative sur Facebook, l’article montre comment le concept d’avatar homophilique peut illustrer la manière dont c’est la perfor- mativité politique et l’homophilie—plutôt que des tendances psychologiques—qui moti- vent les utilisateurs à s’intéresser à un contenu de droite ou d’extrême droite.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44117265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable Hate: How Gab Built a Durable “Platform for the People”","authors":"Luke Munn","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: Gab is a social network and a haven for racism, sexism, and extremism. With accessible design and tech-forward products, this “platform for the people” has surged in popularity. \u0000Analysis: This article examines Gab News, analyzing its topics, sources, and platform in- integration. Its mix of topics creates an expansive world. Its mix of neutral and hyperpar- tisan sources creates a believable (yet still conservative) world. And its mix of moderate and explicit content establishes a sustainable (yet still hateful) world. \u0000Conclusion: Gab’s strategic communication offers a sustainable foundation for the radical right; understanding this is key for counteracting hate. \u0000RÉSUMÉ \u0000Contexte : Gab est un réseau social et un havre pour les adeptes du racisme, du sexisme et de l’extrémisme. Grâce à un design accessible et à des produits à la pointe de la techno- logie, cette “plateforme publique” connaît une véritable envolée. \u0000Analyse : Cet article porte sur Gab News, en analysant les thèmes abordés, les sources et l'intégration de la plateforme. La diversité des thèmes abordés offre un univers expansif. La combinaison de sources neutres et hyperpartisanes est à l’origine d'un univers réaliste (mais toujours conservateur). Et l’association de contenus modérés et explicites contribue à la création d’un univers durable (mais toujours odieux). \u0000Conclusion : La communication stratégique de Gab offre une base durable à la droite ra- dicale; comprendre ce principe est essentiel pour lutter contre toute forme de haine.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41789684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Cartoon Representations of Freedom of Information in Canada","authors":"Kevin Walby, Sanjam Panag","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3947","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: This article examines political cartoon depictions of access to information and freedom of information appearing in Canadian newspapers published between 2005 and 2019. \u0000Analysis: It focuses on three dimensions of these cartoons. First, many of these cartoons mirror the categories of political cartoons devised by Ray Morris. Second, several spatial metaphors regarding blockages, walls, and locked doors are used to represent government information control. Third, many of the cartoons suggest secrecy is germane to government across Canada and that transparency and secrecy are imbricated. \u0000Conclusion and implications: The implication of the findings for literatures on freedom of information, transparency, and political cartoons is assessed. \u0000RÉSUMÉ \u0000Contexte : Cet article examine la manière dont les caricatures politiques représentent l’ac- cès à l’information dans certains journaux canadiens publiés entre 2005 et 2019. \u0000Analyse : Cet article met l’accent sur trois dimensions de ces caricatures : 1) plusieurs de ces caricatures reflètent le type de caricature politique conçu par Ray Morris; 2) plusieurs métaphores spatiales (obstructions, murs et portes verrouillées) sont utilisées pour repré- senter le contrôle de l’information par le gouvernement; 3) plusieurs de ces caricatures laissent entendre que le secret est une caractéristique des divers gouvernements au Canada et que la transparence et le secret sont imbriqués. \u0000Conclusion et implications : Pour conclure, cet article évalue en fonction de leurs réper- cussions les données recueillies sur la littérature relative à l’accès à l’information, la trans- parence et les caricatures politiques.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46071211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Platform Multiverse: Discontent and Disconnection among Alt-Rights","authors":"Sandra Robinson","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: This article explores the platform multiverse of alt-rights, whereby groups and individuals, ideas, and discourses move across and between social platforms to avoid detection, suspension, and moderation. \u0000Analysis: This study examines disconnection practice among alt-rights as part of an affiliative assemblage that extends across multiple platforms and works to orient the disconnected toward reconnection. \u0000Conclusion and implications: Tracing this alt-right multiverse and the spatial and temporal intensities of disconnection practice exposes the discourses, habits, and interactions of alt-rights across new social platforms. \u0000RÉSUMÉ \u0000Contexte : Cet article explore le multivers de la plate-forme des droits alternatifs par lequel des groupes et des individus, des idées et des discours, se déplacent à travers et entre les plates-formes sociales pour éviter la détection, la suspension et la modération. \u0000Analyse : Cette étude examine la pratique de la déconnexion parmi des droits alternatifs dans le cadre d’un assemblage d’affiliation qui s’étend sur plusieurs plates-formes et tra- vaille à orienter les déconnectés vers la reconnexion. \u0000Conclusion et implications : Tracer ce multivers des droits alternatifs et les intensités spatiales et temporelles de la pratique de déconnexion expose les discours, les habitudes et les interactions des droits alternatifs sur de nouvelles plateformes sociales. \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regionally Alt-Right? #Wexit as a Digital Public Sphere","authors":"Javier Ruiz Soler, Wendy H. Chun","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a4121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: Wexit, a movement for the secession of the provinces in Western Canada, gained national attention and visibility in the federal elections of 2019, boosted by social media platforms. \u0000Analysis: This article explores #wexit interactions on Twitter as a Canadian digital issue public by analyzing the main actors spreading and controlling information and interac- tions to see if the public Wexit conversation on Twitter engages in alt-right discourse and rhetoric. \u0000Conclusion and implications: The analysis shows how #wexit, as a Canadian alter- native to mainstream conservative movements, engages regional concerns and/or petro- cultures about “Western culture.” \u0000RÉSUMÉ \u0000Contexte : Promu par les médias sociaux, le « Wexit » est un mouvement pour la souve- raineté des provinces de l’Ouest canadien qui a reçu une attention et une visibilité natio- nales lors des élections fédérales de 2019. \u0000Analyse : Cet article explore les interactions #wexit sur Twitter à titre d’enjeu numérique canadien. Il le fait en analysant les principaux participants diffusant et contrôlant l’infor- mation et les interactions sur le sujet afin de voir si la conversation publique à l’égard de Wexit menée sur Twitter inclut un discours et une rhétorique d’alt-droite. \u0000Conclusion et implications : Cette analyse montre comment #wexit, en tant qu’alterna- tive canadienne au mouvements conservateurs dominants, se rapporte à des soucis et/ou des pétrocultures régionaux relatifs à la « culture de l’Ouest ».\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Does the Livable City Sound Like? Analyzing Public Communication in Vancouver, Canada","authors":"Milena Droumeva, Stacey Copeland, Brett Ashleigh","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2022v47n1a3841","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: Livability has suffered from lack of engagement with the sensory aspects of urban life. \u0000Analysis: This article offers a content and discourse analysis of the keywords sound, noise, and livability found in two types of public communication streams in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: local news media and public city planning documents. \u0000Conclusion and implications: The analysis finds a critical missing link between neoliberal discourses on “livability” and considerations of sound and noise as important aspects of the urban experience. We suggest ways in which public discourses shape this gap, and how public communication on sound can inform richer considerations of urban livability. \u0000RÉSUMÉContexte : L’habitabilité a souffert du manque d’engagement avec les aspects sensoriels de la vie urbaine. \u0000Analyse : Cet article propose une analyse du contenu et du discours des mots-clés son, bruit et qualité de vie trouvés dans deux types de flux de communication publique à Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada : les médias d’information locaux et les documents d’urbanisme publics. \u0000Conclusion et implications : L’analyse trouve un chaînon manquant critique entre les discours néolibéraux sur la « habitabilité » et les considérations sur le son et le bruit en tant qu’aspects importants de l’expérience urbaine. Nous suggérons des façons dont les discours publics façonnent cet écart et comment la communication publique sur le son peut éclairer des considérations plus riches sur l’habitabilité urbaine. \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}