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Card Acceptance by Small Merchants: An Application of the Tourist Test to Peru 小商家接受信用卡:旅游测试在秘鲁的应用
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2021-0024
José Aurazo, Milton Vega
{"title":"Card Acceptance by Small Merchants: An Application of the Tourist Test to Peru","authors":"José Aurazo, Milton Vega","doi":"10.1515/rne-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a first estimation of the tourist test threshold for interchange fees that makes Peruvian small merchants indifferent between accepting cash and debit cards at the point of sale. We use the tourist test model (initially proposed by Rochet and Tirole), including tax evasion (Aurazo and Vasquez’s model) as an extra factor in the merchants’ decision between cash and card payments. Also, we revisit the existing empirical approaches and propose a new empirical approach, coined as the cash-flow approach, which assumes that small merchants estimate the overall cost in terms of the average ticket related to cash and card payments. Using a Survey on private costs of payment instruments conducted by the Central Reserve Bank of Peru in 2019, our estimates suggest that the tourist test threshold for debit cards is lower than the current interchange fee until 2019, even if tax evasion is not considered. Also, this study helps policymakers to better understand the factors around the merchants’ decision that may be considered to foster digital payments.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"101 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82622601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Broadband Internet and Income Inequality 宽带互联网与收入不平等
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-0042
G. V. Houngbonon, Julienne Liang
{"title":"Broadband Internet and Income Inequality","authors":"G. V. Houngbonon, Julienne Liang","doi":"10.1515/rne-2020-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2020-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital technologies like the Internet can affect income inequality through increased demand for employment in manual and abstract jobs and reduced demand for employment in routine jobs. In this paper, we combine city-level income distribution and jobs data with broadband data from France to investigate the impact of broadband Internet access on income inequality. Using an instrumental variable estimation strategy, we find that broadband Internet reduces income inequality through increased employment in manual jobs. These effects increase with the availability of skilled workers and are significant in cities with a large service sector or high-speed Internet access. Further, the diffusion of broadband Internet comes with relatively greater benefits in low-income cities compared to high-income cities. Several robustness checks support these findings.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"55 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73043390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Competition and Schedule Padding in the US Airline Industry 美国航空业的竞争和时间表填充
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2021-0016
Jules O. Yimga
{"title":"Competition and Schedule Padding in the US Airline Industry","authors":"Jules O. Yimga","doi":"10.1515/rne-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disclosure programs can help consumers with limited information about product quality make better purchase decisions. A quality disclosure mandate such as the On-Time Disclosure Rule in the U.S. that requires airlines to provide information on the quality of their products can be beneficial, but can also be counterproductive if it encourages airlines to act deceptively by “gaming” the system. If airlines care about public perceptions of their on-time record, they have an incentive to improve their on-time performance ranking by resorting to unscrupulous means such as padding their schedules beyond normal time required to absorb scheduling stochastic fluctuations. This study investigates the impact of competition on airline schedule padding. We construct a measure for schedule padding under different optimal flight time choices. Using different measures of market structure, we find that more competitive (concentrated) markets are subject to less (more) schedule padding.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85073838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Bundling and Consumer Churn in Telecommunications Markets 电信市场中的捆绑销售与消费者流失
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2021-0032
L. Grzybowski, Julienne Liang, Christine Zulehner
{"title":"Bundling and Consumer Churn in Telecommunications Markets","authors":"L. Grzybowski, Julienne Liang, Christine Zulehner","doi":"10.1515/rne-2021-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2021-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we analyze how fixed-mobile (quadruple-play) bundling impacts the decision of consumers to churn telecommunications services. We use a database from an European operator of fixed and mobile telecommunications services which includes information about 9.6 million fixed broadband subscribers and 14.2 million mobile subscribers between March 2014 and February 2015. These data is combined with socio-demographic characteristics from each municipality in this country. We find that consumers who bundle fixed and mobile services from the same provider are less likely to churn. Without fixed-mobile bundling the annual churn of fixed broadband consumers would increase from 8.4 to 9.2%. Furthermore, the consumer churn in the mobile market would increase from 11.5 to 13.1%. We conclude that in the current competitive environment in the country considered, bundling has a moderate impact on consumer retention on both fixed and mobile networks.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"35 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78809260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Frontmatter
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2021-frontmatter4
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/rne-2021-frontmatter4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2021-frontmatter4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83624731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Planned Obsolescence with Network Effects 计划报废与网络效应
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-0053
Ó. Gutiérrez
{"title":"Planned Obsolescence with Network Effects","authors":"Ó. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1515/rne-2020-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2020-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper appeals to the interplay between network effects and quality to justify the use of planned obsolescence by well-settled firms. We propose a simple contagion model to analyze an asymmetric duopoly market where an incumbent firm benefits, at least initially, from the first‐mover advantages attributed to network industries, while the entrant offers a product with higher quality. The simpler version of the model describes the evolution of the market shares, showing that network effects can overtake the quality effect if the market is sufficiently small. If the market lasts enough, network effects end up enhancing the effect of quality and the entrant gets a higher market share. If the incumbent can set the size of the market by launching a new product every so often, the model provides a rationale for the use of planned obsolescence from a strategic point of view. Social efficiency is then challenged.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"102 1","pages":"221 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75803396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Impact of Mobile Number Portability on Demand Price Elasticities in Sub-Saharan African Countries 移动号码可携性对撒哈拉以南非洲国家需求价格弹性的影响
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-0023
Onkokame Mothobi
{"title":"The Impact of Mobile Number Portability on Demand Price Elasticities in Sub-Saharan African Countries","authors":"Onkokame Mothobi","doi":"10.1515/rne-2020-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2020-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the effect of mobile number portability (MNP) on own- and cross-price elasticities. We use quarterly data for 27 mobile operators in seven Sub-Saharan Africa countries between 2010Q4 and 2014Q4 to estimate a differentiated products demand model. We find that the implementation of MNP increases price elasticities of demand for mobile services. This increase in price elasticities may be a result of reduction in switching costs between operators. On average, the introduction of MNP increases own-price elasticities by 0.47 in absolute value. We compare the level of price elasticities before and after the implementation of MNP in Ghana and Kenya, which implemented this policy in the time period of our study. Our results suggest that in Ghana, MNP increased own-price elasticities by an average of 0.35 in absolute term from an average of −0.74. In Kenya, the introduction of MNP increased own-price elasticities by an average of 0.21 in absolute term from a lower average of −0.39. However, we find that the average own-price elasticities in Kenya and Ghana remained small even after the implementation of MNP relative to other countries without MNP in place.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"291 1","pages":"249 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86605702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Payment System Self-Regulation through Fee Caps 通过收费上限进行支付系统自律
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1515/RNE-2020-0015
Griem Fabian
{"title":"Payment System Self-Regulation through Fee Caps","authors":"Griem Fabian","doi":"10.1515/RNE-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/RNE-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the organization of a single (domestic) payment system. When card issuers that are members of a payment system set their fees individually, this gives rise to a free-riding problem, as in providing access to different customers, card issuers are complements from the perspective of each merchant. When payment systems can threaten to exclude, in particular, card issuers with a smaller customer base that do not adhere to a common cap on fees, this allows to restore the full internalization outcome, leading to lower fees but higher profits and higher welfare. When payment systems cannot threaten to exclude card issuers, the full internalization outcome arises only when card issuers are sufficiently symmetric.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"62 1","pages":"141-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73513480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Direct Interconnection and Investment Incentives for Content Quality 内容质量的直接互联和投资激励
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-0013
Soo Jin Kim
{"title":"Direct Interconnection and Investment Incentives for Content Quality","authors":"Soo Jin Kim","doi":"10.1515/rne-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of direct interconnection agreements in the Internet backbone on content quality investment for content providers (CPs). The model assumes that when the Internet service provider (ISP) has a vertical affiliation with one CP, the ISP directly interconnects the affiliated CP’s traffic to its network for free while collecting a direct interconnection fee from the unaffiliated CP. If the unaffiliated CP’s traffic is indirectly interconnected to the ISP’s network via a third party transit provider, its network quality is lower than that via a direct interconnection. For the CPs’ content quality investments, I find that the affiliated CP invests more in content when the rival indirectly interconnects, leading to a higher total level of content investment. Accordingly, there is a condition under which the ISP does not want to offer direct interconnection to the unaffiliated CP. However, consumers are not always worse off from this interconnection foreclosure. Thus, the regulation of a paid direct interconnection does not necessarily enhance welfare in terms of consumer surplus.","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frontmatter
IF 0.7 4区 经济学
Review of Network Economics Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-frontmatter3
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/rne-2020-frontmatter3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2020-frontmatter3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45659,"journal":{"name":"Review of Network Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/rne-2020-frontmatter3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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