African Journal of Disability最新文献

{"title":"Availability and use of assistive technologies at selected South African public libraries.","authors":"Takalani M M Mamafha,&nbsp;Patrick Ngulube,&nbsp;Luyanda Dube,&nbsp;Sindile A Ngubane","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assistive technologies (ATs) enable persons with visual impairment (PwVI) to equitably benefit from public library resources and services as their sighted counterparts. However, the extent to which this facility is available and used at public libraries in less-developed countries remains largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study reports on the investigation done on the availability and use of ATs by PwVI at public libraries in the cities of Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study used a multimethod and explanatory sequential design in which data were collected through questionnaires administered with 131 librarians and interviews held with 10 PwVI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the study point towards inadequate availability of computers with internet services, audiotapes, screen magnifying and reading software, and these were used for, among others, leisure, research, job searching and communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that certain ATs were inadequately available and used by PwVI at some libraries in the cities of Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg. The study recommends training for PwVI on how to use ATs, marketing of available ATs, training of staff on how to render AT-based services as well as management availing adequate budget for the development of AT-based collection.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the understanding of the types of ATs available and used by PwVI in public libraries.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10476220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human capabilities of South African parents who have children with developmental disabilities.","authors":"Lumka Magidigidi,&nbsp;Nicolette V Roman,&nbsp;Inge K Sonn","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parenting a child with a developmental disability (DD) has a substantial influence on the lives of the parents or caregivers, as well as on how the family operates. This is frequently because of the adjustments in some daily practices that are crucial for parents' or caregivers' human capabilities to provide for childcare. There is not enough research done on human capabilities of parents or children with DD in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the available support in improving the human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD and the bodily health and bodily integrity human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 parents or caregivers of children aged between 1 and 8 years old with DD. This study used snowball sampling. Thematic data analysis was chosen to analyse the data collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study indicate that participants have difficulties bringing up their children because of the emotional strain that goes along with parenting a child with DD. In addition, participants were not able to afford decent and satisfactory shelter and had limited access to good quality food because they could not afford it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A lack of social support and care burden influences parents' or caregivers' ability to raise their child with developmental disability.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contains helpful information about families of children with DD in under-resourced locations. The information may be of significance to policymakers who are accountable for designing and executing policies that are targeted at assisting parents or caregivers of children with DD.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10331022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in the Vaal Triangle mainstream classrooms.","authors":"Nilford Hove,&nbsp;Nareadi T Phasha","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Africa adopted a policy on inclusive education in 2001 to ensure that all learners are accommodated and accepted in the classrooms despite their differences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was aimed at exploring the inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in mainstream primary schools for teaching and learning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study followed a qualitative approach embedded in a descriptive phenomenological design. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with individual participants and were analysed thematically for content. Six teachers from six different mainstream primary school classrooms were purposefully selected for the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that overcrowding, time constraints and lack of parental involvement impede the inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in mainstream classrooms. However, teachers use: (1) multi-level teaching, (2) concrete teaching and/or learning aids, (3) differentiated instruction and (4) code-switching in accommodating learners with learning disabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study argues that for learners with learning disabilities to be more included in mainstream classrooms, the learner population should be reduced to a maximum of 30 learners per class, and collaboration with parents should be enhanced. Also, the arrangement of learners for teaching and learning could be limited to small groups consisting of four to five learners. Multi-level teaching and differentiated instruction should be applied in settings that do not require learners to be separated from their peers without learning disabilities.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study will help improve teachers' inclusive classroom pedagogical practices for all learners including those with learning disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10331023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing resilience capacity for learners presenting with specific learning disability in learners with special education needs schools.","authors":"Daphney Mawila","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventing adversity from accelerating among learners with specific learning disabilities (SLD) is imperative. Continuous adversities, such as social-emotional, psychological and academic difficulties, characterise learners with SLD. Prior studies have been conducted on learners with SLD developing a disorder because of the difficulties they face. However, very few studies offer evidence of how learners presenting with SLD cope despite their learning disability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study sought to investigate what resilience resources are available among learners with SLD in learners with special education needs (LSEN) schools and to provide stakeholders with evidence of resilience enablers for learners with SLD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An exploratory quantitative research study was adopted, and 217 respondents with SLD were selected through purposive sampling in four LSEN schools. These learners completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the custom table was used as a statistical technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Even though the presence of SLD negatively affects an individual's academic, psychological, social and emotional functioning, the results of this study show that individual qualities, relationships with caregivers and peers and contextual resources were resilience-enabling resources for learners with SLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study's results show that the combination of individual attributes, relational and environmental factors enables the resilience of learners with SLD. When given accessible and meaningful support, learners with SLD can develop resilience.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the resilience of learners with SLD in LSEN schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10157443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9430644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Evaluating the awareness and knowledge of dyslexia among primary school teachers in Tshwane District, South Africa.","authors":"Mary M Makgato,&nbsp;Monicca Leseyane-Kgari,&nbsp;Madoda Cekiso,&nbsp;Itani P Mandende,&nbsp;Rose Masha","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9982458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Yebo, it was a great relief': How mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses.","authors":"Mbalenhle N Manono,&nbsp;Mary G Clasquin-Johnson","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an emerging body of knowledge on the lived experiences of parenting a child with autism from a maternal perspective. Mothers' reactions to their children's autism diagnoses have been identified as a key factor influencing their children's long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore how South African mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 mothers from KwaZulu-Natal to understand their experiences prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses. The data were analysed thematically according to the values of <i>ubuntu</i>, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity and compared to the existing scholarship, employing an Afrocentric theoretical lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants held strong cultural and religious beliefs which influenced the entire diagnosis process. Some, who waited a long time, turned to traditional healers or religious leaders. While some reported feeling relieved after the diagnosis, in the sense of at least having a name for their child's condition, they also reported feeling overwhelmed by the realisation that there is no cure for autism. Over time, mothers' feelings of guilt and anxiety declined, and they became increasingly resilient and empowered as their understanding of the meaning of their children's autism diagnosis deepened, but many continued to pray for a miracle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research should focus on how to enhance support for mothers and their children during each of the three phases of autism diagnosis: prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlighted the crucial role of community-based religious and cultural organisations in providing appropriate support to mothers and their children diagnosed with autism, aligned to the values of <i>ubuntu</i>, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfemoral amputation and prosthesis provision in Tanzania: Patient and provider perspectives.","authors":"Mayur Urva,&nbsp;Claire A Donnelley,&nbsp;Sravya T Challa,&nbsp;Billy T Haonga,&nbsp;Saam Morshed,&nbsp;David W Shearer,&nbsp;Nooshin Razani","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of disability because of traumatic limb amputation, particularly transfemoral amputation (TFA) is disproportionately carried by low- and middle-income countries. The need for improved access to prosthesis services in these settings is well-documented, but perspectives on the burden imposed by TFA and the challenges associated with subsequent prosthesis provision vary among patients, caregivers and healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the burden of TFA and barriers to prosthesis provision as perceived by patient, caregiver and healthcare professional, at a single tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from five patients with TFA and four caregivers recruited via convenience sampling, in addition to 11 purposively sampled healthcare providers. All participants participated in in-depth interviews regarding their perceptions of amputation, prostheses and underlying barriers to improving care for persons with TFA in Tanzania. A coding schema and thematic framework were established from interviews using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants noted financial and psychosocial burdens of amputation, and perceived prostheses as an opportunity for return to normality and independence. Patients worried about prosthesis longevity. Healthcare providers noted significant obstacles to prosthesis provision, including infrastructural and environmental barriers, limited access to prosthetic services, mismatched patient expectations and inadequate coordination of care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This qualitative analysis identifies factors influencing prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania which are lacking in the literature. Persons with TFA and their caregivers experience numerous hardships exacerbated by limited financial, social and institutional support.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This qualitative analysis informs future directions for research into improving prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting a child with disability: A mother's reflection on the significance of social support.","authors":"Marubini C Sadiki","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1157","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a reflection on my experiences. Here, I reflect on the significance of social support groups as a mother of a child with disabilities. I share my experiences of how I was empowered by the social support of mothers of children with disabilities, with the intention that these experiences will assist other mothers in a rural context. I relate my personal positive experiences of how collaborating with other mothers in the support groups enabled me to be a better parent to my child. This paper presents the significance of coming together as mothers of children with disabilities in a rural setting. I reflect on the implications of raising a child with a disability without social support, and how I overcame those challenges after joining the social support group for mothers of children with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9982455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation patterns of children with cerebral palsy: A caregiver's perspective.","authors":"Lethabo E Africa,&nbsp;Anri Human,&nbsp;Muziwakhe D Tshabalala","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Participation in activities of daily living (ADL), education, leisure and play in children living with cerebral palsy (CP) may be affected by various factors, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The aim of this study was to describe the participation patterns of a group of these children.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe participation patterns in ADL, education, leisure and play activities of children living with CP in Modimolle.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study design was used. A researcher-constructed bio-demographic data sheet and a semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from the primary caregivers of children (5-17 years) living with CP in Modimolle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Sepedi to English and analysed using the content analysis approach and NVivo software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study indicated that children living with CP in Modimolle require set-up and assistance to participate in various ADL such as self-care, family and community activities. They also participate in formal and informal educational programmes as well as active and passive leisure and play activities. However, at the moment, they have limited opportunities to participate because of resource constraints and inaccessible infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although children with CP in Modimolle perform some ADL, and participate in educational, leisure and play activities, they are not fully integrated into their community. Legislative support and policy implementation are required to improve participation and integration of children living with CP. Further studies on community-specific integrative strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities are recommended.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This paper provides valuable information on the participation patterns of children with CP living in a rural area of South Africa. The findings can assist with development and implementation of community-specific, integrative health and social care strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10675461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal barriers to participation in chosen instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia in Rwanda.","authors":"Pierre D Turikumana,&nbsp;Lizahn G Cloete,&nbsp;Jerome P Fredericks","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental disorders are a major health concern across the globe. Schizophrenia, one of the mental disorders, affects approximately 20 million people globally and 5 million people within the African continent. Schizophrenia can affect all areas of life, including participation in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to explore personal barriers affecting participation in chosen IADLs among community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia in Kigali city, Rwanda.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative, embedded case study design and constructivist epistemology paradigm were used. Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants that included 10 persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (case 1) and 10 of their caregivers (case 2). Data were analysed according to the seven steps of Ziebland and Mcpherson.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The two themes identified were community negative attitudes and individual hindrances to participation in IADLs. Theme 1 demonstrated the community's poor support towards persons with schizophrenia due to the stigma attached to mental health illness, which is reported elsewhere. This paper reports on individual hindrances to participation, which revealed limited knowledge and skills, decreased motivation and interest, financial problems, maladaptive behaviours, medication side effects, loss of social interaction and isolation, and disorganised in performing activities to negatively affect persons with schizophrenia's full participation in their chosen IADLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia are experiencing various hindrances to participating in their chosen IADLs, which shows a need for support from different stakeholders to improve access and participation of persons with schizophrenia in their daily activities based on their abilities.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Different barriers affecting participation of the persons with schizophrenia in their chosen IADLs were highlighted together with the common affected IADLs. It is recommended that when right support is provided, persons with schizophrenia may function at their maximum abilities in their activities of choice and may live at their highest independence level.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10331024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}