African Journal of Disability最新文献

{"title":"Rehabilitation care workers address environmental factors with persons with disabilities.","authors":"Judith N Mahlangu, Theresa Lorenzo, Eve M Duncan","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1609","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisational support for employees with dyslexia: An explorative study in South Africa.","authors":"Carmen Venter, Lizelle Rossouw","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1597","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects reading, writing and spelling. While it is often identified and accommodated in educational settings, employees with dyslexia (EWD) may still face challenges in the workplace as they continue to struggle with this disability throughout their adult lives. While dyslexia can pose challenges for adults in the workplace, accommodations and support measures are available to help mitigate these difficulties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the nature of organisational support provided to EWD within South African organisations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative research study adopted a constructivist paradigm and applied a qualitative descriptive research strategy. The research approach involved conducting 15 (<i>N</i> = 15) semi-structured virtual interviews with EWD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Employees with dyslexia identified challenges related to dyslexia. Some reported efficient organisational support, while others felt it was lacking. Many used adaptive strategies to cope with daily difficulties. Recommendations were made to improve support for EWD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employees with dyslexia's experiences can inform the development of inclusive policies and practices supporting these individuals. Moreover, EWD highlighted the importance of raising awareness and promoting a culture of inclusivity and support for dyslexia within South African organisations.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the literature on dyslexia and the workforce regarding organisational support within a South African context and has captured the need to encourage heightened awareness, empathy and equitable practices within organisations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiated instruction for Grade 3 reading challenges: South African teachers in full-service schools.","authors":"Thembi A Phala, Anna J Hugo","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1549","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We analysed the use of differentiated reading support by Grade 3 teachers and learning support teachers to help learners with barriers to reading in three full-service schools in Tshwane North District in Gauteng Province, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study explored how Grade 3 teachers and learning support teachers in full-service schools implement differentiated instruction to support learners with reading difficulties in their classrooms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative approach with a case study design was used to collect data from 11 Grade 3 class teachers and 6 learning support teachers in three full-service schools. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and classroom observations; thus, an interpretivist paradigm was followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that different strategies were employed by the participants, but some of the finer applications of differentiated instruction were unused. The following themes emerged: choosing different reading materials as content, the process during the teaching of reading, the product in the teaching of reading, the learning environment and the need for in-service teacher training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlighted the difficulties inherent in using differentiated instruction based on Grade 3 learners' reading needs. Many of the learners had specific barriers to reading.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the literature on methods of teaching reading in Grade 3 classes. It captures the need for teacher professional development regarding using the finer applications of differentiated instruction in the classroom.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal knowledge and attitude towards unintentional childhood injury among children under five.","authors":"Olaitan J Balogun, Oyeronke O Bello, Loveness A Nkhata, Joseph Conran","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1617","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood injuries resulting in disability represent a critical global health challenge, particularly for children under five and their families. Unintentional injuries, including falls, fractures, burns, scalds, and poisoning, pose significant risks. In Oyo State, Nigeria, limited maternal knowledge about these injuries potentially contributes to inadequate prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study examined unintentional childhood injuries among children under five by identifying nature of injury, assessing maternal knowledge and attitudes, and exploring associations between socio-demographic factors and their knowledge and attitude.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted across two hospitals, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data on injury characteristics, maternal knowledge, and attitudes. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 23.0 involved percentage calculations, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test and chi-square test to evaluate demographic variable associations at a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed falls, scalds, soft tissue damage, poisoning, and burns as the most frequent unintentional injuries necessitating hospitalisation. The research uncovered a significant deficit in maternal knowledge about childhood injuries, accompanied by predominantly negative preventive attitudes. Mothers' age, religious background, and educational attainment demonstrated statistically significant correlations with knowledge scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study exposes critical gaps in understanding and preventing childhood injuries, emphasising the urgent need for targeted educational interventions across community stakeholders to mitigate risks and improve child health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the existing literature, identified specific knowledge deficits regarding childhood injury prevention and factors that influence preventive knowledge and attitude. It also provides an evidence-base for developing appropriate educational interventions targeting vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring communication supports for children with visual impairment and blindness: A case study.","authors":"Kristen Abrahams, Dellicia de Vos, Armand Bam, Harsha Kathard","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1620","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early communication supports are essential for development, learning and later employment. For children with visual impairments and blindness (VI and B), we argue that communication and its supports need to be considered outside of the normative ableist framework to best facilitate development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore and describe how a home-based programme at a community-based organisation supported the communication development of children with VI and B by exploring and describing: (1) the organisation, its context and ethos; (2) the programme methodology including, role players, skills and activities; and (3) communication opportunities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A case study design was employed, and data were collected through interviews, document reviews and observations. Notably, one member of the research team has a VI, which provided additional context and understanding of the case and enhanced the analysis process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key themes emerging from the data included the organisation's history and context that shaped its ethos, the focus on a parent-led methodology and the support of communication through early multimodal opportunities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings emphasise the importance of understanding communication and communication supports beyond the normative ableist framework, which creates opportunities to appreciate and support communication holistically. More specifically, for speech-language pathologists, this study can expand their understanding of communication and raises questions about the profession's potential contribution.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the literature within the South African context that demonstrates the value of communication and further captures how multimodal community support contributes to the health and wellbeing of people with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual, bladder and bowel problems in people with spinal cord injury in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Lauren Tomes, Sonti Pilusa","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing experience that comes with multiple health challenges such as bowel, bladder and sexual health problems. Studies on the experiences of people with SCI based in rural South Africa are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the experience and long-term care needs related to sexual, bowel and bladder problems in people with SCI in a rural setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An exploratory qualitative design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with SCI living in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded. The content analysis steps were followed to identify categories and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 individuals with SCI were interviewed. Frustration was the main theme that emerged with three sub-themes: types, management and effects of sexual, and bladder and bowel problems on individuals with SCI. The expressed long-term care needs were medication specific to SCI conditions, health information on secondary health conditions and prevention care, and resources such as nappies and quality catheters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirm that secondary health conditions such as bowel, bladder and sexual health problems affect the well-being of people with SCI in rural settings. Prevention care is urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Patient education information on bowel, bladder and sexual health problems, and access to medication is imperative to support self-management practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biopsychosocial effects of transtibial amputation: A South African perspective.","authors":"Riyona Chetty, Raisuyah Bhagwan, Nalini Govender","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A myriad of physical, psychosocial and environmental sequelae are associated with limb loss. However, there is a paucity of empirical South African data, which focusses on these sequelae, how they interface with the amputee's quality of life as well as the challenges they experience following amputation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study sought to explore the biopsychosocial effects of amputation and how it affected the quality of life of transtibial amputees.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative approach guided this study. Data were collected using one-on-one interviews with 14 unilateral transtibial amputees. Data were analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five broad themes emerged from the inquiry, which captured amputees' experiences of phantom limb pain, body image disturbances and their challenges related to adapting to daily activities. Participants also expressed the salience of familial support as well as the importance of psychological interventions to cope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggested that support networks and professional psychological intervention are imperative in facilitating successful adjustment to the amputation experience. Raising awareness of limb loss, in both rural and urban settings, may help reduce the stigma attached to it.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Quality of life comprises several domains, namely physical, psychological, environmental and social. However, limited local and international data exists regarding the environmental and social effects. This study brought to the fore the positive and negative effects of amputation in each domain, as well as various strategies, which facilitate successful adjustment to amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between leisure participation, leisure constraints, and quality of life among individuals with lower-limb amputations in South Africa.","authors":"Adri I Visser, Mariette Swanepoel, Marike Cockeran, Cindy Kriel","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with lower-limb amputations (LLAs) face unique challenges that affect their leisure participation and overall quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines the relationships between leisure participation, leisure constraints and QoL among South Africans with LLAs (<i>N</i> = 50, mean age 46.2 ± 11.63 years).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative design was used, collecting data via the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale-Revised (TAPES-R), Constraints to Participation, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Disability Module (WHOQOL-DIS) questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weak to moderate relationships were found between leisure participation and constraints (interpersonal: τb = -0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.402; structural: τb = -0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.072). Moderate positive associations emerged between leisure participation and QoL in the disability module (τb = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.073), physical domain (τb = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.088) and environment domain (τb = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.091). Medium-negative correlations were observed between QoL and constraints in the physical domain (intrapersonal: <i>r</i> = -0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.021; interpersonal: <i>r</i> = -0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Significant negative relationships were found between QoL (social domain) and both intrapersonal (<i>r</i> = -0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.020) and interpersonal constraints (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to explore these relationships in South Africans with LLAs. Intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints significantly impact physical and social QoL. Addressing these barriers may improve overall QoL in this population.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study provides novel insights into the interplay between leisure participation, constraints, and QoL among South Africans with LLAs. By identifying the significant impact of intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints on physical and social QoL, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce barriers and enhance leisure engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of health conditions on daily functioning in Kenyan populations: A scoping review.","authors":"Naomi W Kingau, Quinette A Louw, Maria Y Charumbira","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kenya faces significant challenges in addressing the impact of various health conditions. Understanding the functioning problems associated with these conditions is crucial for informing targeted interventions and improving overall healthcare outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of functioning problems associated with health conditions contributing most to Years Lived with Disability in the adult Kenyan population and to identify the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains and categories most affected.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A scoping review was conducted. Searches were performed across multiple databases using relevant keywords and inclusion criteria. Studies published between January 2006 and December 2023 were eligible. Data were extracted from 39 eligible studies using a web-based software application (<i>Rehab4all</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Major depressive disorder, human immunodeficiency virus, low back pain and fractures were identified as the leading conditions contributing to functioning problems in Kenya. The most prevalent problems included walking difficulties, paraesthesia, various forms of pain and depression. The most affected ICF domains were mobility (d4), sensory function and pain (b2) and mental (b1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comprehensive description of functioning problems associated with priority health conditions in Kenya can be used to develop targeted interventions to improve health outcomes across affected domains.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This research enhances comprehension of disability burden guiding intervention development and policy formulation for improved rehabilitation and offers a platform for further evidence-based strategies to tackle the country's complex health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Electoral participation of people with and without disabilities in urban communities in Cameroon and Senegal.","authors":"Vladimir Y Pente, Anita Jeyam, Stevens Bechange, Emma Jolley, Anne Roca, Sandra R Dossou, Khady Ba, Joseph Oye, Salimata Bocoum, Laurene Leclercq, Elena Schmidt","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1399.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"14 ","pages":"1714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}