Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis最新文献_第6页

Demand for an Environmental Public Good in the Time of COVID-19: A Statewide Water Quality Referendum COVID-19时期对环境公共产品的需求:全州水质公投

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2021.14

G. Parsons, L. Paul, K. Messer

引用次数: 0

Benefit-Cost Ratios of Continuing Routine Immunization During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa 非洲COVID-19大流行期间持续常规免疫接种的效益-成本比

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2021.13

E. Watts, J. Mak, B. Patenaude

{"title":"Benefit-Cost Ratios of Continuing Routine Immunization During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa","authors":"E. Watts, J. Mak, B. Patenaude","doi":"10.1017/bca.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disruptions in routine immunization caused by COVID-19 put African countries with large vaccine-preventable disease burdens at high risk of outbreaks. Abbas et al. (2020) showed that mortality reduction from resuming immunization outweighs excess mortality from COVID-19 caused by exposure during immunization activities. We leverage these estimates to calculate benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) of disrupted immunization and apply cost of illness (COI) and value of statistical life-year (VSLY) approaches to estimate the cost of excess child deaths from eight vaccine-preventable diseases. BCRs were computed for each country, vaccine, and Expanded Program on Immunization visit. Secondary estimates that include the cost of providing immunization are presented in scenario analysis. Suspended immunization may cost $4949 million due to excess mortality using the COI approach, or $34,344 million using the VSLY approach. Likewise, excess COVID-19 deaths caused by exposure from immunization activities would cost $53 and $275 million using the COI and VSLY approaches, respectively. BCRs of continuing routine immunization are 94:1 using COI and 125:1 using VSLY, indicating that the economic costs of suspending immunization exceed that of COVID-19 deaths risked by routine immunization. When including the costs of providing routine immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic, the BCRs are 38:1 and 97:1 using the COI and VSLY approaches, respectively.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"969 1","pages":"91 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86182917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

BCA volume 13 issue 3 Cover and Back matter BCA第13卷第3期封面和封底

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.26

引用次数: 0

Valuing COVID-19 Morbidity Risk Reductions. 评估 COVID-19 降低的发病风险。

IF 2 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.11

Lisa A Robinson, Michael R Eber, James K Hammitt

{"title":"Valuing COVID-19 Morbidity Risk Reductions.","authors":"Lisa A Robinson, Michael R Eber, James K Hammitt","doi":"10.1017/bca.2022.11","DOIUrl":"10.1017/bca.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Many economic analyses, including those that address the COVID-19 pandemic, focus on the value of averting deaths and do not include the value of averting nonfatal illnesses. Yet incorporating the value of averting nonfatal cases may change conclusions about the desirability of the policy. While per case values may be small, the number of nonfatal cases is often large, far outstripping the number of fatal cases. The value of averting nonfatal cases is also increasingly important in evaluating COVID-19 policy options as vaccine- and infection-related immunity and treatments reduce the case-fatality rate. Unfortunately, little valuation research is available that explicitly addresses COVID-19 morbidity. We describe and implement an approach for approximating the value of averting nonfatal illnesses or injuries and apply it to COVID-19 in the United States. We estimate gains from averting COVID-19 morbidity of about 0.01 quality-adjusted life year (QALY) per mild case averted, 0.02 QALY per severe case, and 3.15 QALYs per critical case. These gains translate into monetary values of about $5,300 per mild case, $11,000 per severe case, and $1.8 million per critical case. While these estimates are imprecise, they suggest the magnitude of the effects.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"13 2","pages":"247-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455599/pdf/nihms-1825783.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BCA volume 13 issue 1 Cover and Front matter BCA第13卷第1期封面和封面问题

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.7

引用次数: 0

“We Test”: An Imagined Regulatory Future “我们测试”:想象中的监管未来

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.23

C. Sunstein

引用次数: 1

Costs and Benefits of Branded Drugs: Insights from Cost-Effectiveness Research 品牌药的成本和收益:来自成本效益研究的见解

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.12

Iii H. E. Frech, M. Pauly, W. Comanor, Joseph R Martinez

{"title":"Costs and Benefits of Branded Drugs: Insights from Cost-Effectiveness Research","authors":"Iii H. E. Frech, M. Pauly, W. Comanor, Joseph R Martinez","doi":"10.1017/bca.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between costs and health benefits of branded pharmaceuticals remains controversial. This paper examines the incremental costs incurred for incremental health benefits gained from the largest available sample of cost-effectiveness studies of branded drugs in the USA, the 1994–2015 Tufts Registry of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses. Earlier studies used small, specialized samples of drugs. We use linear regression analysis to estimate the association in those studies between additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental pharmaceutical costs. The preferred sample uses 476 studies involving branded pharmaceuticals with both higher costs and increased effectiveness compared to the previous standard of care. Regressions of costs on QALYs imply that an additional QALY is associated, on average, with a $28,561 increase in cost (95 % CI, $18,853–$38,270). This regression explains 20 % of the variation in sample costs. In this analytical sample, a share of the variation in the cost of pharmaceuticals is, therefore, not random but rather associated with variation in QALYs; prices are to some extent “value-based.” Our results are robust to varying sample inclusion criteria and to the funding source. In subgroup analyses, the highest cost per QALY was $44,367 (95 % CI, $35,373–$53,361). Costs of pharmaceuticals in this data set are, on average, lower than common estimates of the monetary value of a QALY to American consumers. As in other studies, we find that sellers of patent-protected beneficial new technology appear to capture only a fraction of the benefits provided.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79828679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Early Education and Adult Health: Age 37 Impacts and Economic Benefits of the Child-Parent Center Preschool Program. 早期教育与成人健康：37 岁儿童-家长中心学前计划的影响和经济效益。

IF 2 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.4

Nishank Varshney, Judy A Temple, Arthur J Reynolds

{"title":"Early Education and Adult Health: Age 37 Impacts and Economic Benefits of the Child-Parent Center Preschool Program.","authors":"Nishank Varshney, Judy A Temple, Arthur J Reynolds","doi":"10.1017/bca.2022.4","DOIUrl":"10.1017/bca.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the long-term impacts of the Chicago Child-Parent Center (CPC) program, a comprehensive early childhood program launched in the 1960s, on the physical and mental health outcomes. This study follows a cohort of 1539 participants born in 1979-1980 and surveyed most recently at age 35-37 by employing a matched study design created by including all students who were enrolled in kindergarten classrooms in CPC school sites as well as entire kindergarten classrooms in a matched set of similar high-poverty schools. Using propensity score weighting that addresses potential issues with differential attrition and nonrandom treatment assignment, results reveal that CPC preschool participation is associated with significantly lower rates of adverse health outcomes such as smoking and diabetes. Further, evaluating the economic impacts of the preschool component of the program, the study finds a benefit-cost ratio in the range of 1.35 to 3.66 (net benefit: $3,896) indicating that the health benefits of the program by themselves offset the costs of the program even without considering additional benefits arising from increased educational attainment and reduced involvement in crime reported in earlier cost-benefit analyses. The findings are robust to corrections for multiple hypothesis testing, sensitivity analysis using a range of discount rates, and Monte Carlo analysis to account for uncertainty in outcomes.","PeriodicalId":45587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis","volume":"13 1","pages":"57-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9273114/pdf/nihms-1816137.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40597473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BCA volume 13 issue 3 Cover and Front matter BCA第13卷第3期封面和封面问题

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.25

引用次数: 0

BCA volume 13 issue 1 Cover and Back matter BCA第13卷第1期封面和封底

IF 3.4 4区经济学

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/bca.2022.8

引用次数: 0