Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Micronutrient Deficiencies in Systemic Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Audrey D Nguyen, Zsuzsanna H McMahan, Elizabeth R Volkmann","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S354736","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S354736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary aim is to identify the micronutrient deficiencies commonly reported in SSc. The exploratory aim is to evaluate associations between micronutrient deficiencies and SSc clinical manifestations.</p><p><strong>Patient and methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review of all published reports on SSc and nutrition in PubMed from its inception to August 2020. Clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, and case series (with ≥20 cases) containing data on nutritional deficiency and SSc were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for reporting our findings. Two reviewers (ADN and ERV) studied the titles and abstracts of all search results with pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 790 retrieved publications, 35 full-length articles and 3 abstracts met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies took place across multiple geographic locations and included patients with both diffuse and limited cutaneous SSc. Vitamin D deficiency was the most commonly reported deficiency described in SSc, followed by vitamin B12, vitamin B9, selenium, zinc, and iron. In addition, some small studies found deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, C, E, and A. While some studies reported associations between specific micronutrient deficiencies and SSc disease features (eg, interstitial lung disease was commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency and elevated homocysteine [Hcy]), the evidence to support these associations was not robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Micronutrient deficiencies are common in SSc and are associated with specific SSc features. Routine screening for micronutrient deficiencies may lead to early detection of malnutrition. Future studies are needed to understand how interventions to replete micronutrient deficiencies affect patient outcomes in SSc.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"309-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/05/oarrr-14-309.PMC9769137.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9773180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Ribosomal-P Antibody Association with Neuropsychiatric Lupus in Sudanese Patients Attending Rheumatology Clinic in Omdurman Military Hospital.","authors":"Ziryab Imad Taha,&nbsp;Israa Abdelghani Awad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Salih Boushra Hamza,&nbsp;Yassin A Abdalla,&nbsp;Elnour M Elagib,&nbsp;Husam A M Ali,&nbsp;Sara Joseph,&nbsp;Jimmy William","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S387650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S387650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess and establish the relationship between neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) involvement and serological biomarkers like antiribosomal-P antibodies.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This is an analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted on patients attending Omdurman Military Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. A total of 90 patients were enrolled, 30 of whom had NPSLE compared with 60 SLE patients without NPSLE. SLE diagnosis was established based on the revised SLICC criteria (presence of at least 4 criteria) for SLE classification, with neuropsychiatric manifestations defined based on the ACR nomenclature. The immunological examination results have been performed by (ELISA immune-enzymatic method, immunofluorescence, and Western immunoblotting test). SPSS v 21.0 software was utilised for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPSLE patients exhibited +ve ANA in 96.7% vs 75% in non-NPSLE (P-value = 0.008), antiribosomal-P antibodies (46.7% vs 20%; P-value = 0.0001), anti-nucleosome antibodies (26.7% vs 5%; P-value = 0.005), and anti-histones antibodies (40% vs 20%; P-value = 0.04). ANA antibodies were significantly associated with neurological manifestations as ANA antibodies were common in epilepsy (n = 9; 91%) and stroke (n = 8; 27.6%) (P-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus exhibits variable clinical manifestations. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE are strongly associated with the anti-ribosomal P antibody presence and can be employed as a powerful diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/fb/oarrr-14-281.PMC9697392.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better Clinical Results in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated Under a Multidisciplinary Care Model When Compared with a National Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry.","authors":"Pedro Santos-Moreno,&nbsp;Gabriel-Santiago Rodríguez-Vargas,&nbsp;Susan Martínez,&nbsp;Linda Ibatá,&nbsp;Laura Villarreal-Peralta,&nbsp;Anggie Aza-Cañon,&nbsp;Manuel Rivero,&nbsp;Pedro Rodriguez,&nbsp;Adriana Rojas-Villarraga","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S385423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S385423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe clinical characteristics and effectiveness of health care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as part of a multidisciplinary care model (MCM) in a specialized rheumatology center, compared with the results of a national registry of RA (NARRA) as evidence of real-world management.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a real-world study (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) based on an analysis of electronic health records of a cohort of RA patients managed with the \"Treat-to-Target\" strategy in a specialized rheumatology center in Colombia with an MCM, compared with the NARRA that includes different models of usual care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have analyzed 7053 subjects with RA treated at a specialized rheumatology center and 81,492 patients from the NARRA. Cohorts were similar in their baseline characteristics, with women in predominance and diagnosis age close to 50 years. At the time of diagnosis, a higher proportion of clinical diagnostic test use and rheumatology consultation access was observed in the specialized rheumatology center than in the national registry (4-6 per year versus three or less). In addition, higher proportions of patients in remission and low disease activity were reported for the specialized rheumatology center, with a >40% amount of data lost in the national registry. Pharmacological management was similar regarding the analgesic use. In the specialized center, Certolizumab was more frequently used than in the NARRA registry; also, there were significant differences in methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine use, being higher in the specialized rheumatology center.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MCM of a specialized center in RA can guarantee comprehensive care, with better access to all the services required to manage the disease. It ensures specialist management and evidence-based care that facilitates the achievement of therapeutic objectives. In addition, better patient records and follow-ups are available to evaluate health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/80/oarrr-14-269.PMC9680987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Abnormalities, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Current Perspectives and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Pedro Santos-Moreno, Gabriel-Santiago Rodríguez-Vargas, Susan Martínez, Linda Ibatá, Adriana Rojas-Villarraga","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S285407","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S285407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis is a prevalent worldwide disease, associated with an increased risk of multiple metabolic abnormalities that generate a higher disease burden.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To gather the available evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, current perspectives, clinical implications and prognosis of metabolic abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative literature review. Search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, and Taylor & Francis databases, using the following MeSH terms: \"Arthritis Rheumatoid\", \"Metabolic Diseases\", and \"Metabolic Syndrome\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study describes the main metabolic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Research has recognized that rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic abnormalities share pathophysiological mechanisms with an additive effect that increases cardiovascular risk. In that context, appropriate antirheumatic treatment can also impact on cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are metabolic abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients that increase cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate cardiovascular risk to provide appropriate comprehensive management to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"255-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/eb/oarrr-14-255.PMC9642585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40691374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Samar Alharbi","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S384256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S384256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Women of childbearing age are affected approximately nine times more often than men. Its presentation and course are highly variable, ranging from mild to fulminant systemic disease. Any organ can be affected by SLE. Although less common than in other systems, such as the skin, joints, and kidneys, 40%-60% of SLE patients have gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. SLE can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. GI manifestations can be caused by SLE, medication-related side effects, or non-SLE causes including infection. This article reviews the most common types of GI involvement associated with SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/ed/oarrr-14-243.PMC9587305.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40658055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Added Effect of Disease Activity to Traditional Risk Factors.","authors":"Mohammed A Omair,&nbsp;Sara A Alkhelb,&nbsp;Sadeen E Ezzat,&nbsp;Ayah M Boudal,&nbsp;Mohammed K Bedaiwi,&nbsp;Ibrahim Almaghlouth","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S284757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S284757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA and VTE share some background factors, such as increasing age, smoking, and obesity. At the same time, other VTE factors, such as knee replacement and oral contraceptive pills, occur commonly in RA patients. In addition, the chronic inflammatory state of RA might hypothetically lead to endothelial injury and a hypercoagulable state. Two critical pathophysiological pathways lead to VTE. Recently, concerns increased about the increased risk of VTE in patients using Janus Kinase inhibitors. This review aims at reviewing the risk of VTE in RA and the role of traditional risk factors and disease-related inflammation and develops a conceptual framework that describes the interaction between these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/0d/oarrr-14-231.PMC9586712.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40676037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifting the Mask on Musculoskeletal Manifestations of COVID-19: Results of an Interview-Based Study.","authors":"Samar Tharwat,&nbsp;Noran Mohamed Shabana,&nbsp;Mohammed Kamal Nassar","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S376289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S376289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is considered a multi-system disease that might present with or develop complications during the acute phase of illness. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection and investigate their clinical correlations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was carried out on 110 patients with a history of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. They completed a questionnaire that covered detailed information on their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data of COVID-19 infection in addition to MSK discomfort form based on the Nordic MSK Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 37.7 years (SD 12.9), 72.7% were females. The majority of patients (90.9%) reported MSK symptoms that occur during or shortly after the acute attack of COVID-19 infection. The median duration of onset of MSK symptoms was 2 days from the first day of COVID-19 infection (min-max: 0-45 days) with a median duration of MSK symptoms of 7 days. Myalgia was the main complaint (85.5%) followed by arthralgia 90 (81.8%). However, swollen joints were reported in only 9 patients (8.2%). According to the body areas, maximum number of patients felt pain at the lower back (60%), followed by neck (39.1%), and upper back (32.5%) followed by right and left shoulder (20.9%). Patients with MSK manifestations were associated higher severity of COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), prolonged duration of COVID-19 symptoms (p < 0.001) and higher prevalence of fatigue (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSK manifestations are common in COVID-19 patients and related to disease severity, duration and fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/d7/oarrr-14-211.PMC9547602.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33498084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Long-Term Cohort of Early Arthritis Based on the ACR-1987 Classification Criteria.","authors":"Monica Leu Agelii,&nbsp;Ingiäld Hafström,&nbsp;Björn Svensson,&nbsp;Sofia Ajeganova,&nbsp;Kristina Forslind,&nbsp;Maria Andersson,&nbsp;Inger Gjertsson","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S372724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S372724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Correct diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is essential for optimal treatment choices. No pathognomonic test is available, and diagnosis is based on classification criteria, which can result in misdiagnosis. Here, we examined the differences between actual and misdiagnosed RA cases in a long-term cohort of patients included based on the ACR-1987 classification criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients in the BARFOT (Better Anti-Rheumatic PharmacOTherapy) cohort (n=2543) with at least four follow-up visits during the initial 5 years from enrolment were assessed, and a change in diagnosis was reported by the treating rheumatologist. The groups were analysed with respect to the individual classification criteria, antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA), disease activity (DAS28) and radiographic changes from inclusion up to 2 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five patients (1.8%) were misdiagnosed (<i>RA-change</i> group). When compared to those in the <i>RA-change</i> group, the patients who kept their diagnosis (<i>RA-keep</i>) were more often RF positive (64% vs 21%, p<0.001) or ACPA positive (59% vs 8%, p<0.001). They were also more likely to fulfil more than four ACR-1987 criteria (64% vs 33%, p<0.001) and to have radiographic changes at inclusion (<i>RA-keep</i> 27% vs <i>RA-change</i> 12%, p=0.04). The groups had a similar evolution of DAS28 and its components as well as of radiological joint destruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis of RA according to the ACR-1987 criteria had a high precision in this long-term cohort. A diagnosis of RA should be re-evaluated in patients who do not fulfil more than four ACR-1987 criteria especially in patients negative for RF.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9512412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent Lupus Nephritis: Renal Histopathological Profile and Early Detection with Urinary Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1.","authors":"Wesam Gouda,&nbsp;Aldosoky Abd Elaziz Alsaid,&nbsp;Awad Saad Abbas,&nbsp;Tarek M Abdel-Aziz,&nbsp;Mohamed Z Shoaeir,&nbsp;Abd Allah S Abd Elazem,&nbsp;Mohammad Hamdy Sayed","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S373589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S373589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lupus nephritis (LN) affects almost half of all individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Overt LN (OLN) symptoms might vary from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to renal failure. However, when there are no clinical or laboratory indicators of renal involvement, some people with silent LN (SLN) may have pathological evidence of renal involvement identified by renal biopsy. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1) is a chemotactic factor that promotes leukocyte migration to the kidney. MCP-1 urine levels (uMCP-1) have been demonstrated to be high in individuals with active LN. The purpose of this study was to discover the occurrence of SLN, as well as the possible variations between overt LN (OLN) and SLN across SLE patients based on the histopathological assessment, as well as the role of uMCP-1 in the early detection of SLN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An overall of 144 patients with SLE were included in the current research. Patients were subsequently divided into two groups: individuals who did not have clinical evidence of LN (84 patients) and those with OLN (60 patients). All the patients were subjected to the following investigations: uMCP-1, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), creatinine, albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR), creatinine clearance, quantitative assessment of proteinuria by 24-hour urine proteinuria (24hr UP) and percutaneous renal biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients from group I (71.4%) showed glomerular lesions on renal biopsy (SLN), and class II was the predominant class. uMCP-1 had a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 98% in the detection of SLN, and uMCP-1 values were markedly higher in patients with OLN in comparison to SLN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The actual frequency of SLN may be higher than expected. High levels of uMCP-1 may have warranted the early activity of LN. uMCP-1 can be used as a non-invasive, useful tool for the prediction of LN.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6f/b0/oarrr-14-161.PMC9482965.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33468907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Gland Ultrasound in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Current and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Michele Lorenzon,&nbsp;Erica Spina,&nbsp;Francesco Tulipano Di Franco,&nbsp;Ivan Giovannini,&nbsp;Salvatore De Vita,&nbsp;Alen Zabotti","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S284763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S284763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of parotid and submandibular gland parenchyma. Being highly effective, non-invasive and easy to perform, SGUS has become increasingly popular among specialists in assessing salivary gland (SG) abnormalities, including those commonly found in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). SGUS may be useful in the assessment of pSS and its complications, the most serious being the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). SGUS may also be useful in the characterization and differential diagnosis of diffuse and focal abnormalities commonly associated with pSS, and may act as a guide for core-needle biopsy (CNB), an established, safe, and feasible technique, which provides enough viable tissue for the diagnosis and assessment of lymphoproliferative diseases of the SG. The combination of SGUS with other tools, such as sonoelastography and artificial intelligence (AI), could further improve the usefulness of SGUS in the management of pSS. In this perspective, we summarize current and future applications of SGUS in pSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"147-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/ac/oarrr-14-147.PMC9444027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33448505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}