Accreditation and Quality Assurance最新文献

{"title":"Is everything wrong in analytical chemistry? A study on reproducibility","authors":"Bruna Drielen Ferreira,&nbsp;Igor Renato Bertoni Olivares,&nbsp;Emanuel Carrilho,&nbsp;Vitor Hugo Polisél Pacces","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01649-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01649-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproducibility in science, particularly in fields that develop and apply analytical methods, such as analytical chemistry and related disciplines, has been increasingly questioned. A survey by Monya Baker (2016) indicated that most researchers acknowledge a reproducibility crisis. Frequently cited causes include low statistical power or poor analysis, insufficient replication in the original laboratory, unavailability of methods, poor experimental design, and absence of raw data. Chemistry was the field in which researchers most frequently reported difficulty reproducing both their own and others’ experiments. This study was conducted to confirm the existence of this crisis in analytical methods, quantify its extent, and evaluate its relationship with method validation and measurement uncertainty, which are based on statistical approaches and metrological principles, using the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle. The results suggest that the crisis is directly associated with incorrect statistical procedures, inadequate validation criteria, and deficient execution of performance characteristics, factors that directly contribute to elevated measurement uncertainty. In 28% of the evaluated methods, expanded uncertainties exceeded 100% at the first point of the linearity assessment, compromising both result reliability and metrological traceability. These observations support concerns from previous studies regarding statistical errors, insufficient replication, and limited methodological transparency. Enhancing statistical training and quality assurance in academic programs, broader adoption of open science practices, and clearer policies aligned with international guidelines, such as EURACHEM, ISO/IEC 17025, and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, may improve the reproducibility and reliability of analytical research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"361 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrological tools for quality control in distilled beverages with a focus on the development of reference materials and proficiency tests","authors":"Rhaissa Mecca Bontempi,&nbsp;Bruna Drielen Ferreira,&nbsp;Cleyryson de Sousa Lima,&nbsp;Igor Renato Bertoni Olivares","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01650-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01650-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quality of cachaça and vodka is influenced by the organic congeners formed during their production, which can be toxic in high concentrations, requiring monitoring. To ensure reliability and traceable results, the application of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard in distilled beverage laboratories is essential. This standard covers metrological tools, such as method validation, use of certified reference material (CRM) and proficiency test (PT). This article presents the development and application of these tools to support reliability in analytical results, including method validation to verify the fitness of use, production of a CRM for internal quality control, and implementation of a PT as a practical application of the CRM. These tools were developed according to ISO 17034, ISO 33405:2024, and ISO 17043:2023. Statistical approaches were used throughout the study to ensure reliability in uncertainty estimation and performance evaluation. National laboratories collaborated in the quality control of distilled beverages and received CRM and PT samples, along with a protocol for future CRM production and PT implementation in this sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"477 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study of measurement uncertainty evaluation: melamine quantification in milk samples by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Francesca Rolle,&nbsp;Francesca Romana Pennecchi,&nbsp;Francesca Durbiano,&nbsp;Stefano Pavarelli,&nbsp;Andrea Mario Giovannozzi,&nbsp;Andrea Mario Rossi,&nbsp;Michela Sega","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01651-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01651-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to describe a metrological approach for measurement uncertainty evaluation, applied to the quantification of melamine in a food matrix, being melamine a well-known food adulterant with harmful effects on health. The work provides insights on the calibration process of a Raman spectroscope, carried out in the melamine amount fraction range (0.16–5.0) mg L⁻¹ and based on the application of Weighted Total Least-Squares regression. The focus is on the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty associated to the recovery efficiency of the method. As a case study, an experimental method previously developed and validated at INRiM and based on the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy was considered as a starting point. The Law of Propagation of Uncertainty was applied to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the results. The proposed approach for the uncertainty evaluation could be applied to the detection of the levels of melamine in real samples, as milk or milk-derived ingredients. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"457 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RP-HPLC-UV method for estimation of antiviral drug (Valaciclovir) in pure, solid dosage form and spiked human plasma using MBTH reagent as per ICH guidelines","authors":"K. Bhavya Sri,&nbsp;A. Vaishnavi,&nbsp;J. Pravallika,&nbsp;Mogili Sumakanth","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01638-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01638-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Valaciclovir is an antiviral drug that requires accurate and sensitive analytical methods for quantification in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. This study presents the development and validation of two analytical techniques in accordance with ICH Q2(R2) and M10 guidelines: a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method and a novel chromogenic UV–visible spectrophotometric method extended to biosamples.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The RP-HPLC method provided rapid and precise quantification of valaciclovir, with a retention time of 3.177 min. Linearity was observed in the range of 10–60 µg/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.0702 µg/mL and a limit of quantification of 0.2128 µg/mL. The method demonstrated high accuracy, specificity, and reproducibility, making it suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis. The second method involved a chromogenic reaction between valaciclovir and MBTH reagent in the presence of ferric ammonium sulfate, forming a green chromogen with maximum absorbance at 618 nm. This method showed linearity from 10 to 550 µg/mL and further the method was validated as per ICH M10 guidelines. For biological analysis, human serum samples were processed using a protein precipitation method and analyzed successfully. Validation confirmed its suitability for bioanalytical use.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both methods are sensitive, accurate, and validated for the quantification of valaciclovir. RP-HPLC is ideal for pharmaceutical analysis, while the UV–visible method offers a simple, cost-effective alternative for biological samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"349 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction and detection of novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage: a modified QuEChERS approach with GC–MS/MS analysis","authors":"Ankur Tomar,&nbsp;Ajay Sharma,&nbsp;Sapna Katna,&nbsp;Tanuja Banshtu,&nbsp;Nisha Devi,&nbsp;Gaganpreet Singh Brar,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar,&nbsp;Shubhra Singh,&nbsp;Sakshi Sharma,&nbsp;Preeti Bansal,&nbsp;Sonali Sharma,&nbsp;Shivani Bhartiya","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01642-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01642-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe analytical method was utilized for extraction, and GC–MS/MS was used for detection of the residues of novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin in/on cabbage when applied at the recommended dose, i.e. 75 and 15 g a.i. ha⁻¹, and 1.25 times the recommended, i.e. 93.75 and 18.75 g a.i. ha⁻¹, respectively. The analytical method was validated as per European Union guidelines. These insecticides dissipated following first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 1.99 and 1.46 days at the recommended dose and 2.83 and 1.89 days at 1.25 times the recommended dose for novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. No residues were present in the soil at the time of harvest. These insecticides were safe for human consumption, as the TMDI &lt; MPI, aHQ &amp; cHQ were less than one for both the doses. Removal of outer leaves was the most effective method for maximum per cent reduction in residues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"335 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human hair certified reference material for total mercury, methylmercury, and trace element analyses","authors":"Akane Yamakawa,&nbsp;Kimiyo Nagano,&nbsp;Kaoru Onishi,&nbsp;Miyuki Ukachi,&nbsp;Teruyo Ieda,&nbsp;Miyako Kobayashi,&nbsp;Tomoharu Sano,&nbsp;Miyuki Iwai-Shimada,&nbsp;Kenta Iwai,&nbsp;Kozue Inamasu,&nbsp;David Amouroux,&nbsp;Emmanuel Tessier,&nbsp;Milena Horvat,&nbsp;Adna Alilović,&nbsp;Polona Klemenčič,&nbsp;Ermira Begu,&nbsp;Marta Jagodic Hudobivnik,&nbsp;Rand Matthew,&nbsp;Koichi Haraguchi,&nbsp;Ping Li,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez-González,&nbsp;Laura Suárez-Criado,&nbsp;Ligang Hu,&nbsp;Nozomi Takeda,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Li,&nbsp;Keisuke Uchida","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01637-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01637-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) developed the NIES CRM No. 13-a, a new certified reference material for human hair, using scalp hair from Asian females. This CRM represents a significant advancement in support of global mercury exposure assessments and offers unparalleled reliability and scope compared with existing materials. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the preparation, certification, and application of NIES CRM No. 13-a. In total, 806 bottles (3 g each) were produced, with thorough homogenization ensured through sieving and blending. Certified values for total mercury (1.06 ± 0.07 mg/kg), methylmercury (0.858 ± 0.075 mg/kg), and key trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, selenium, and zinc) were determined through extensive collaborative analyses involving 20 laboratories. Additional reference values were provided for calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, antimony, barium, copper, iron, and manganese. Rigorous stability and homogeneity assessments demonstrated the stability of the CRM for over 10 years and consistency across sample units, even for challenging elements such as selenium. The CRM also includes information values of stable mercury isotope ratios, reflecting their growing importance as exposure tracers. This enhancement in accuracy and traceability facilitates accurate mercury and trace element assessments in human hair, enabling improved biomonitoring of mercury exposure, dietary studies, toxicological evaluations, human health risk evaluations, and regulatory compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 3","pages":"277 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00769-025-01637-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative UV spectrophotometric analysis of teriflunomide and quercetin in dual drug-loaded transferosomes using the absorption factor method","authors":"Sriravali Karnam,&nbsp;Anil B. Jindal,&nbsp;Atish T. Paul","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01644-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01644-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research focused on establishing a method for concurrently measuring teriflunomide (TFD) and querectin (QCN) accurately, precisely, and with simplicity. This method aims to be suitable for routine analysis purposes. The goal is to effectively utilize this combination effectively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a topical delivery approach. To date, there have been no reported UV-based methods for simultaneous estimation of TFD and QCN. The quantification was performed using the absorption factor method for multicomponent analysis. The developed method underwent validation in accordance with the guidelines set by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The validated method demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 2.0 to 12.0 μg/mL for both substances, exhibiting a regression coefficient of &gt; 0.990. The developed method validated for accuracy and precision, demonstrating a recovery rate within the range and precision with an RSD of less than 2 % for both inter and intra-day measurements. Moreover, the developed method was effectively utilized for quantification in the prepared transferosomes using absorption factor method. The greenness of the proposed methods was assessed, showing their minimal environmental impact and low level of toxicity to the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"325 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining green analytical chemistry approach for development of a gradient HPLC protocol for the simultaneous analysis of pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride in capsule dosage form","authors":"Susheel John Varghese,&nbsp;V. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01641-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01641-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green analytical methods have become an area of keen interest in the field of pharmaceutical analysis to safeguard both the operators’ health and the environment. The present work describes the systematic development of a green, simple, sensitive, and robust reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride in capsules. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shim-pack Solar C₁₈ (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The proposed method used a mobile phase, comprising of di-potassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 20 mM) and acetonitrile delivered in a gradient mode. The separated analytes were monitored at 210 nm. Validation, as per the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, endorsed the efficiency of the developed novel analytical method. Employing the optimized chromatographic conditions, pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride were well separated with retention times of 3.9 and 12.7 min, respectively. The linear ranges of duloxetine hydrochloride and pregabalin were between 10–40 µg/mL and 25–100 µg/mL, respectively. Greenness assessment of the developed method was evaluated using three different assessment tools viz. Analytical Eco-Scale, GAPI, and AGREE. This is the first analytical method to be developed for the simultaneous estimation of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form based on green chemistry principles. The developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of pregabalin and duloxetine in capsule dosage form.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"305 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of chlorpyrifos using GC-FID in pesticides and human plasma; method validation with greenness assessment","authors":"Kumaraswamy Gandla,&nbsp;Adel Ehab Ibrahim,&nbsp;Samy G. Alamir,&nbsp;Ghanem Al-Thani,&nbsp;Baher I. Salman,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Harrasi,&nbsp;Sami El Deeb","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01643-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01643-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>About 3.70 million tons of pesticides are consumed annually to improve agricultural revenues. Organophosphate (OP) is a significant pesticide class, representing approximately 40% of pesticides' global sales. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been an OP pesticide commonly used to prevent horticultural and domestic pests for the past 25 years. Although CPF was banned from household products by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) in the year 2000, its current sales in the US alone exceed 5,000 tons. Other authorities, such as European, Canadian and Egyptian, have also discontinued its use since 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze CPF as a counterfeit pesticide in products and biological samples in the coming years. CPF has high toxicity, representing neurological and cardiovascular threats. The proposed research aims to develop a novel, fast, and cost-effective methodology to estimate CPF in pesticide products and biological human plasma using gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID). Notably, only a few GC-FID methods were reported for CPF analysis in marketed products. Still, none has yet been reported for its determination in plasma using GC-FID despite being greener, cheaper, and simpler than GC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both procedures were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The retention time was 13.3 min. Linearity was perceived in the concentration of 20.0–100.0 μg/mL, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9909 for analytical and 0.9905 for bio-analytical application, respectively. The detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) were 0.29 and 0.87 μg/mL. Further, the greenness of the developed technique was assessed and compared to some other reported methodologies. The validation and greenness results indicate that both methods are reliable and sensitive, making them suitable for routine quality control of CPF in marketed products and biological samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"313 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardising the quantification of trifluoroacetic acid in water: interlaboratory validation trial using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric detection (LC–MS/MS)","authors":"Ute Dorgerloh,&nbsp;Roland Becker,&nbsp;Finnian Freeling,&nbsp;Marco Scheurer,&nbsp;Emine Gökçe,&nbsp;Katrin Strack,&nbsp;Thomas Sommerfeld,&nbsp;Andreas Sauer,&nbsp;Jonas Schneider,&nbsp;Christoph Härtel,&nbsp;Vassil Valkov,&nbsp;Lukas Moser,&nbsp;Sabine Geiß,&nbsp;Sabine Junginger,&nbsp;Linda Schlittenbauer,&nbsp;Elke Suess,&nbsp;Katinka Ruth","doi":"10.1007/s00769-025-01640-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00769-025-01640-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concentration of trifluoroacetic acid in surface and groundwaters and drinking water is subject of increasing concern. Since there is no standardised procedure available, German standardisation body DIN has initiated the first draft standard using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) after direct injection for the concentration range between ≥ 0.1 and 3 µg/L. Herein, the interlaboratory comparison as final validation step involving 12 expert laboratories from Germany and Switzerland is described. Two groundwaters, two surface waters, a drinking water, a rainwater, and two fortified groundwater samples displayed relative repeatability standard deviations between 3 and 7% and relative reproducibility standard deviation between 6 and 20% and were included in the draft standard DIN 38407-53. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":454,"journal":{"name":"Accreditation and Quality Assurance","volume":"30 4","pages":"473 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00769-025-01640-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}