Turkish Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Whole Slide Images in Artificial Intelligence Applications in Digital Pathology: Challenges and Pitfalls.","authors":"Kayhan Basak,&nbsp;Kutsev Bengisu Ozyoruk,&nbsp;Derya Demir","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2023.01601","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2023.01601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of digitized data in pathology research is rapidly increasing. The whole slide image (WSI) is an indispensable part of the visual examination of slides in digital pathology and artificial intelligence applications; therefore, the acquisition of WSI with the highest quality is essential. Unlike the conventional routine of pathology, the digital conversion of tissue slides and the differences in its use pose difficulties for pathologists. We categorized these challenges into three groups: before, during, and after the WSI acquisition. The problems before WSI acquisition are usually related to the quality of the glass slide and reflect all existing problems in the analytical process in pathology laboratories. WSI acquisition problems are dependent on the device used to produce the final image file. They may be related to the parts of the device that create an optical image or the hardware and software that enable digitization. Post-WSI acquisition issues are related to the final image file itself, which is the final form of this data, or the software and hardware that will use this file. Because of the digital nature of the data, most of the difficulties are related to the capabilities of the hardware or software. Being aware of the challenges and pitfalls of using digital pathology and AI will make pathologists' integration to the new technologies easier in their daily practice or research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"39 2","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems in Postmortem Pathology Training.","authors":"Ali Rıza Tümer,&nbsp;Emirhan Eskicioğlu,&nbsp;Cenk Sökmensüer,&nbsp;Tuğçe Findikoğlu","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01569","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In Turkey, autopsy performers, namely forensic medicine practitioners, are neither pathologists nor have properly received pathology training during residency in contrast to the Anglo-Saxon model of forensic medicine practices, since the current curriculum of forensic medicine residency lacks adequate training in post-mortem histopathology. Likewise, pathologists lack a specific post-mortem pathology clerkship. In this study, we intended to determine whether forensic physicians in Turkey find themselves competent in post-mortem histopathology or were adequately trained during their residencies.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Turkish forensic medicine practitioners were administered an online questionnaire whereby self-evaluations of their histopathology knowledge and their views on histopathology training during forensic medicine residency were assessed. The 151 physicians who completed the questionnaire made up the study group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found out that the majority of Turkish forensic medicine practitioners (85.4%) did not find the histopathology training during their residency adequate. Similarly, 85.4% of the participants indicated their incompetence in histopathological examination of post-mortem tissue of any kind, and showed their willingness for further training in pathology. 66.9% strongly agreed that post-mortem histopathology requires training that is distinct from surgical pathology. In case of providing post-mortem histopathology training within the scope of forensic medicine residency, topics such as microscopic morphology of post-mortem changes, histological changes related to injuries, and estimation of wound age are expected to be beneficial to 88.7% 83.4%, and 83.4% of the participants respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current curriculum should be revised in a way that the surgical pathology clerkship meets forensic physicians' needs, so that they can then refer more difficult, non-routine histopathological consultations to pathologists who are also well-trained in postmortem histopathology. Consideration should also be given to establishing a subspecialty training - a master's or doctoral degree programs in forensic pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"39 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple Peel Deformity and Malrotation of Gut: Autopsy Findings of a Rare Cause of Mortality in Utero.","authors":"Deepti Mutreja,&nbsp;Sharanjit Singh","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One-third of all intestinal obstructions in the newborn are caused by atresias. The most common site is the duodenum followed by jejunoileal and colonic locations. Herein we report the autopsy findings of a rare case of jejunoileal atresia associated with malrotation of gut. Autopsy performed on a 36 weeks old male fetus still birth, born of a non-consanguineous marriage, demonstrated jejunoileal atresia with apple peel deformity and malrotation of gut. Although the diagnosis was established in the prenatal period, in utero fetal demise occurred before definitive surgical intervention could be done. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10032311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9332260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alveolar Adenoma: A Rare Benign Tumour of the Lung with A Challenging Diagnosis.","authors":"Soumaya Graja,&nbsp;Saadia Makni,&nbsp;Abdessalem Hentati,&nbsp;Chiraz Chaari,&nbsp;Tahya Sellami-Boudawara,&nbsp;Rim Kallel","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar adenoma is a rare lung benign tumour originating from type II pneumocytes. It presents as a well-defined nodule. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate from lung cancer. Few cases of this tumour have been reported. We describe here a case of alveolar adenoma in a 63-year-old man discovered incidentally on chest X-ray. The lesion was reported as lepidic adenocarcinoma in bronchoscopic biopsy. The patient underwent a thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations resulted in a diagnosis of alveolar adenoma. We report this case to describe its morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics and to emphasize its diagnostic difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 2","pages":"158-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9332262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLUT-1 Expression in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Oguzhan Okcu,&nbsp;Bayram Sen,&nbsp;Cigdem Ozturk,&nbsp;Gulname Findik Guvendi,&nbsp;Recep Bedir","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Numerous studies have been conducted to predict the prognosis of breast cancers. The effect of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1), the main carrier protein responsible for glucose transport, was investigated in breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>170 patients operated for breast carcinoma were included in this study. We analysed the prognostic significance of GLUT-1 immune-expression in 149 patients without neoadjuvant therapy, and in 21 patients with neoadjuvant therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLUT-1 expression was correlated with poor prognostic factors such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and high histological and nuclear grade (p < 0.001). GLUT-1 was expressed at a statistically higher rate in invasive ductal carcinomas, compared to invasive lobular carcinomas (p < 0.001), and was expressed at a higher rate in luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and triple-negative molecular subtypes compared to luminal A subtype tumors (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between GLUT-1 expression and presence of neoadjuvant therapy. Univariate survival analysis showed high GLUT1 expression was associated with low disease-free survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLUT-1 expression was found to be associated with poor pathological prognostic factors in breast carcinoma patients. The results suggest that GLUT-1 expression can be considered as a prognostic marker in breast cancers, and it may be used as a target molecule in personalized treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 2","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Endometrial Cells in Pap Smear of Women Aged 40 Years and Older.","authors":"Esra Keleş,&nbsp;Uğur Kemal Öztürk,&nbsp;Cihat Murat Alinca,&nbsp;Serkan Akiş,&nbsp;Canan Kabaca,&nbsp;Handan Çetiner","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01570","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the histopathological follow-up results in women diagnosed with endometrial cells in the Papanicolaou (Pap) test.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Between January 2013 to December 2018, women with endometrial cells on the Pap test were searched from the hospital electronic database. The patients with endometrial cells on the Pap test who underwent further histopathological evaluation and who were followed-up for at least 1 year were enrolled in the study, while those who had a Pap test result other than endometrial cells, were lost during follow-up, or had missing data were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 91,142 Pap smears, 121 (0.1%) cytologically had endometrial cells, and of those 65 cases were eligible for final analysis. The mean age of patients with premalignant/malignant lesions (57.7 ± 2.9) was higher than those with benign lesions (50.1 ± 0.7), with 77% of them in the postmenopausal period. Gynecologic premalignant/malignant lesions were detected in 9 (17.7%) patients including 2 (3.1%) endometrial hyperplasias and 7 (10.8%) endometrial cancers. The menopausal status (p=0.010) and being 50 years and older (p=0.002) were significantly associated with pre-neoplastic or neoplastic changes in patients with endometrial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of endometrial cells in Pap tests may be a harbinger of endometrial pathologies, especially at the age of 50 years and over. The menopausal status is another possible determinant in detecting endometrial carcinoma. Further investigation may be suggested in women aged ≥50 years and postmenopausal in the event of endometrial cell detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39910213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Histopathologic Examination of a Second Muscle Biopsy Specimen at a Later Date may Sometimes be the Best Approach to Make a Differential Diagnosis in Neuromuscular Disorders.","authors":"Gulden Diniz,&nbsp;Berk Ozyilmaz,&nbsp;Sarenur Gokben","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2019.01512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2019.01512","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular disorders still keep their mystery (1). Considering that cases with very mild symptoms cannot be diagnosed at all, it is almost impossible to know the true prevalence of these diseases (2). Relatively little information about the exact prevalence of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) has been published (1-4). It has been reported that NMDs affect approximately one in 3500 children worldwide and X-linked dystrophinopathies have the highest incidence among them (4). Knowledge of NMDs has expanded dramatically during the last four decades thanks to advances in modern pathological techniques and genetic tests. Currently, the dystrophinopathies and most cases of limb-girdle dystrophies (LGMDs) can be diagnosed with immunohistochemical analysis of muscle tissues (4-7). It must be kept in mind that diagnoses may be suggested by the histopathological evaluation, but definitive diagnosis mostly relies on genetic analyses (5-7).","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"79-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9325289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis is not Rare in Bowen's Disease and Bowenoid Papulosis.","authors":"Can Baykal,&nbsp;Ozge Hurdogan,&nbsp;Goncagul Babuna Kobaner,&nbsp;Algun Polat Ekinci,&nbsp;Nesimi Buyukbabani","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis is a histopathological finding seen in the dermis, in various benign, premalignant, and malignant skin conditions, without clinical significance. The real incidence is not known. We aimed to investigate the phenomenon of secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis in Bowen's disease and Bowenoid papulosis. We retrospectively evaluated the data of all cases with histopathological confirmation of Bowen's disease and Bowenoid papulosis between 2006 and 2017 in our Dermatovenereology and/or Pathology departments. Secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis was observed in three patients with Bowen's disease (3/52; 5.8%) and in three patients with Bowenoid papulosis (3/18; 16.7%). Herein, we present the demographic, clinical and histopathological features of these six cases of secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis in detail. Although the occurrence of secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis in epithelial tumors is a well-known phenomenon, its incidence has not been previously reported in Bowen's disease and Bowenoid papulosis. Therefore, our results indicating a high incidence may be particularly important for Bowenoid papulosis, as its association with secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis has only been shown in one case before. Moreover, in three of six cases, we histologically observed areas of regression with a marked prominence of amyloid deposition. Remarkably, two of these patients had a history of topical application of destructive agents which reveals a possible etiologic relationship between secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis and cellular apoptosis/necrosis induced by these external agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9332265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental Chorangiocarcinoma: Case Report with Literature Review of a Rare Entity.","authors":"Nishant Sagar,&nbsp;Parul Tanwar,&nbsp;Nita Khurana,&nbsp;Poonam Kashyap","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01548","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chorangiocarcinoma is an extremely rare tumor seen in the placenta, with only six cases reported in the literature so far. Its morphological characteristics, criteria for diagnosis, and the pathophysiology remain controversial to date. Although it was predominantly considered a benign entity, a solitary case of distant metastasis has been reported in the literature. We present a case of this unusual tumor in the preterm placenta of a 29-year-old female. Grossly seen as a grey white nodule, microscopic examination revealed nests of atypical trophoblastic proliferation surrounded by vascularized stroma. No evidence of basement membrane invasion was noted. On immunohistochemistry, the trophoblastic component expressed pancytokeratin, Beta HCG, and Placental Alkaline Phosphatase with high Ki-67 labelling index. The present case highlights this exceedingly rare entity with emphasis on its morpho-immunohistochemical features along with a review of literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"292-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39410596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HHV-8 and EBV Positive Lymphoproliferative Disease: A Challenging Case.","authors":"Göksenil Bülbül,&nbsp;Gülen Gül,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Özcan,&nbsp;Sermin Özkal","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) is linked to four lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma, HHV-8 positive multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), HHV-8 positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma and HHV-8 positive germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder (GLPD). The diagnosis of HHV-8 associated lymphoproliferative diseases is quite challenging because each entity is rare and has a wide morphological spectrum. Our aim is to emphasize the overlapping histopathological features of MCD and GLPD as well as to underline the importance of clinicopathological correlation in case these two entities cannot be distinguished by pathological examination. We present here a case of an 82-year-old male patient who was examined for weight loss and multiple lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination of the axillary lymph node revealed lymphoid follicle structures of varying shapes and sizes, including some atrophic germinal centers. Plasmablast-like cells were notable in some of these areas. HHV-8 and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) positivity were noted in some of these cells and in a small number of cells in the mantle zone. Based on these findings; a diagnosis of \"HHV-8 and EBV positive lymphoproliferative disease\" was established. Since HHV-8 positive MCD and GLPD have similar histopathological features, it may not be possible to distinguish these two entities by histopathological examination only. At this point, the importance of clinicopathological correlation becomes more evident, especially in the determination of the treatment protocol to be applied to the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 2","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9325319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}