Turkish Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"An Unusual Nodular Tumour of the Penile Shaft with Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Correlation.","authors":"Poonam Abhay Elhence,&nbsp;Deepak Vedant,&nbsp;Saurabh Singh,&nbsp;Puneet Pareek","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granular cell tumours are uncommon acquired benign tumours of nerve sheath origin that are usually seen in the head and neck region and upper aero-digestive tract. They usually present as solitary small sized nodules in middle age. The tumour is usually benign and composed of sheets of large sized cells with abundant granular cytoplasm containing lysosomal macro-inclusions known as pustulo-ovoid bodies of Milian (POB) that represent the heterogeneity of the lysosomes. No well-established criteria for malignancy have been described for this tumour. In this article, we have discussed a rare case of granular cell tumour of the penis with its characteristic histomorphology and immunohistochemistry and relevant differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9332264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, Villitis and Placenta in Pregnancy.","authors":"Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2020.01520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2020.01520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 2","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9332911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Clinical and Histopathological Findings in Microscopic Colitis.","authors":"Gozde Topel,&nbsp;Ebru Cakir,&nbsp;Ilgin Aydin,&nbsp;Fatma Husniye Dilek,&nbsp;Aysegul Akder Sari","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2022.01574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by a triad of chronic diarrhea, endoscopy without significant abnormality, and distinct histopathological features. Histopathologically, microscopic colitis is divided into 3 subtypes; collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, incomplete microscopic colitis. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the detailed clinicopathological parameters of microscopic colitis cases in the Turkish population.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The clinicopathological parameters were evaluated in 53 microscopic colitis cases (37 collagenous colitis, 7 lymphocytic colitis, 9 incomplete microscopic colitis) diagnosed between 2010 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cases had lymphoplasmacytosis. The presence of ≥20 eosinophils/high power field in the lamina propria was remarkable in 75.7%, 57.1%, and 11.1% of collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, and incomplete microscopic colitis cases, respectively. One of the striking findings was the presence of concomitant Celiac disease in 29% of the lymphocytic colitis cases. In terms of drug use, proton pump inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most commonly used drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean age in our series is lower than the literature and a distinct male predominance was observed in lymphocytic colitis and incomplete microscopic colitis, contrary to the literature. These suggest that susceptibility to microscopic colitis may differ between ethnic groups. The presence of overt lymphoplasmacytosis, eosinophilic infiltration and epithelial damage are the microscopic features which should alert the pathologist for the diagnosis of complete microscopic colitis. Given that microscopic colitis is a common treatable cause of chronic diarrhea, awareness of the aforementioned histopathological features is of utmost importance for accurate diagnosis and not to miss incomplete cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"275-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Cytological and Surgical Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Specimens in Association with EGFR Mutation and Overall Survival: A Single-Institution Experience.","authors":"Elif Sayman Gokal,&nbsp;Fugen Vardar Aker,&nbsp;Zuhal Kus Silav,&nbsp;Bala Basak Oven","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2022.01572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2022.01572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and the relationship between driver mutations and survival analysis in advanced-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>A total of 122 advanced-stage NSCLC patients were included in this retrospective study. The patients were diagnosed based on cytological examination and histopathological analysis of biopsy or resection material that had undergone at least 1 molecular analysis. The expression of PD-L1 in tumors and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was scored and compared with age, sex, organ, biopsy method, tumor subtype, driver mutation status, and overall survival data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference between PD-L1-positivity and age, gender, location, pattern, or pathological diagnosis of the type of sample. When the threshold value for PD-L1 IHC evaluation was accepted as ≥1% and ≥50%, the rate of positivity was 19.7% and 7.4%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since there is a wide range of positivity rates reported in the literature, we could not reach a conclusion as to whether the PD-L1-positivity rate we observed was high or low. There is a need for comparative studies where the technique, clones, threshold values, and phases are homogenized. There is an inverse correlation between the EGFR-mutant population and PD-L1 positivity. In terms of overall survival, no relationship was found between PD-L1 positivity, the presence of TIL, and EGFR mutation status.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"261-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type with Medullary Pattern: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Features.","authors":"Mykola Lуndіn,&nbsp;Nataliia Hyriavenko,&nbsp;Vladyslav Sikora,&nbsp;Yuliia Lуndіna,&nbsp;Yuliia Soroka,&nbsp;Anatolii Romaniuk","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01559","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study investigated the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) with medullary pattern to explore the inconsistencies between the structural and clinical traits of this category of tumor.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The breast carcinoma samples (n = 26) with medullary pattern (defined according to established criteria) were subjected to immunohistochemical assays of the following receptors: ER, PR, HER2/neu, Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF, MMP1, E-cadherin, EGFR, Hsp70, Hsp90, CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD163, CD56, CD138, MPO, S100, IgG, IgM, and PD-L1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IBC-NST with medullary pattern was found to have negative expression of ER, PR, and HER2/neu; strong positive expression of Kі-67, mutant р53, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, EGFR, and PD-L1; moderate positive expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90; and low or negative expression of VEGF and MMP1. Furthermore, there was pronounced variability in the qualitative composition of tumor immune infiltrates with regards to T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes, and granulocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IBC-NST with medullary pattern has many unfavourable morphological and immunohistochemical prognostic characteristics, which are balanced against the pronounced protective properties of the tumor cells and the qualitative characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. These can lead to a favourable disease course despite the relatively adverse features of the carcinoma cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39531844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of P63 in Differentiating Giant Cell Tumor from Other Giant Cell-Containing Lesions.","authors":"Monalisa Hui,&nbsp;Shantveer G Uppin,&nbsp;K Karun Kumar,&nbsp;S Radhika,&nbsp;P Chandrasekhar,&nbsp;K Nageshwara Rao","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess P63 expression in giant cell-containing lesions of the bone (GCLB) and to determine its utility in differentiating giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) from other GCLBs.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Cases diagnosed as GCLB on histopathology were included in the study. P63 immunohistochemistry was performed in all the cases. The percentage of cells showing nuclear positivity was assessed in the non-giant cell component. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 53 cases studied, the majority were GCTBs (23), followed by 12 cases of chondroblastomas (CBL) and 18 other giant cell lesions (GCLs). All giant cell-containing lesions except one case of CBL and brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism (BTH) showed P63 staining in the non-giant cell component. However, the mean P63 labeling of GCT (52.6%) was higher compared to CBL (28.3%), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) (15.2%), non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) (24.5%), giant cell lesion of small bones (GCLSB) (11%), BTH (6.8%) and chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) (12.3%), with a p-value of < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although p63 was present in majority of the GCLBs, its percentage positivity was significantly higher in GCTB compared to the other GCLBs. The diagnosis of GCTB is likely if cut-off value of > 50% is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9325315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Place and Prognostic Value of TERT Promoter Mutation in Molecular Classification in Grade II-III Glial Tumors and Primary Glioblastomas.","authors":"Neslihan Kaya Terzi,&nbsp;Ismail Yilmaz,&nbsp;Aysim Buge Oz","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diffuse gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumors, have been classified by the World Health Organization as class II-IV gliomas. After 2016, two mutations in the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene were identified in addition to the IDH, 1p / 19q, and ATRX status.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>We identified 84 patients with grade II-IV glioma with IDH, ATRX, 1p / 19q and TERT status. All tumor samples were subjected to molecular genetic screening (Sanger sequencing for IDH and TERT mutations, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1p/19q status) after histological diagnosis (immunohistochemistry for IDH1 R132H, ATRX, and p53) for a more precise molecular diagnosis. The confidence intervals were calculated at the 95% confidence level, and differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary glioblastomas had the highest frequency of TERT promoter mutations (25 of 28, 89.2%, p=0.006) followed by oligodendrogliomas (29 of 35, 82.8%, p < 0.001) while astrocytomas showed the lowest frequency (3 of 15, 20%, p=0.107), and the positivity significantly differed among these three groups (p < 0.001). TERT promoter mutations were more frequent in patients older than 55 years of age at diagnosis (p=0.023). The group with TERT promoter mutations, and without IDH mutations showed the worst overall survival. However, the presence of both TERT promoter and IDH mutations, which resembled oligodendroglial progression, showed best overall survival (p=0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The discovery of TERT promoter mutations in numerous gliomas has opened the door for a better molecular classification of gliomas, and TERT status is associated with survival. Further studies will help in elucidating the value of TERT promoter mutations as biomarkers in clinical practice, and eventual therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 2","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Histomorphological Parameters to Predict Occult Nodal Metastasis in Early-Stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Rahul Verma,&nbsp;Ashok Singh,&nbsp;Nilotpal Chowdhury,&nbsp;Prashant Pranesh Joshi,&nbsp;Prashant Durgapal,&nbsp;Shalinee Rao,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kishore","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01566","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment protocol depends upon lymph node metastasis. Elective neck dissection for early-stage OSCC (pT1/T2) elective neck dissection reduces the morbidity rate. It also reduces the overall survival and thus it becomes important to detect lymph node metastasis in early-stage OSCC.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Various histomorphological parameters have been studied to predict nodal metastasis in early-stage OSCC. We aim to evaluate these parameters in the context of nodal metastasis. 78 cases of early-stage OSCC were included in the study with histopathologic parameters like tumor size, grade, tumor depth of invasion (DOI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), and lymph node level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 78 patients, 32 patients had lymph node metastasis. T stage, DOI, LVI, and WPOI showed statistically significant deviance from the null model (P-values of 0.007, 0.01, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively). The Odds Ratio (OR) of T stage, DOI, LVI and WPOI were 4.45 (95% C.I =1.47-14.1), 4.4 (95% C.I =1.32-15.88), 8.12 (95% C.I =1.002-198.20), and 3.39 (95% C.I =1.24-9.74) respectively. On multivariate analysis (Firth logistic regression) using DOI, LVI, and WPOI as independent variables, only T-stage and WPOI retained statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognostic information supplied by evaluating DOI, LVI, and WPOI warrants the inclusion of these parameters in the standard reporting format for all cases of OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39782576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chernobyl Cancer Studies with Overseas Control: High Grade vs. Late Detection.","authors":"Sergei Jargin","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01526","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01526","url":null,"abstract":"This is an addition to the review published in the Turkish Journal of Pathology (1), commenting on the series of studies (2-7), in particular, the last one making a comparison of clear-cell renal carcinoma (RC) tissue specimens from Ukraine with those from Colombia and Spain (7). Thyroid cancer (TC) is discussed by analogy. RCs from Ukraine tended to be higher-grade than those from Spain and Colombia (2-7); among others, they displayed a sarcomatoid i.e. poorly differentiated pattern more frequently: 62 from 236 (26.3%) of Ukrainian vs. 11 from 112 (9.8%) of Spanish cases (p<0.001) (2). The statistically significant difference was confirmed in the later work (4). In the recent study, the microvessel density in RC tissue from patients residing both in “highly” and “low contaminated areas of Ukraine” (7) was higher than that in RC from Spain and Colombia (p<0.01). The difference between the two Ukrainian groups was statistically insignificant. The increased angiogenesis was associated with a higher expression of VEGF (7). It was assumed that the exposure to ionizing radiation leads to an increase in the microvessel density, which in turn is associated with a higher grade of RC (6,7). In this connection, the following citations should be commented: “The dramatic increase of aggressivity and proliferative activity” was found in RC from Ukraine, while “the majority of the high grade tumors occurred in the Ukrainian (rather than in the Spanish) groups” (2). These differences can be explained by the earlier cancer detection on average in Spain and discovery by the screening of advanced cases in Ukraine (8).","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 3","pages":"297-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39410729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granulomatous Mastitis: A Clinical and Diagnostic Dilemma.","authors":"Emel Ebru Pala,&nbsp;Sumeyye Ekmekci,&nbsp;Melis Kilic,&nbsp;Ayberk Dursun,&nbsp;Gul Colakoglu,&nbsp;Cem Karaali,&nbsp;Mumin Emiroglu,&nbsp;Mustafa Emiroglu","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2021.01554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2021.01554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a challenging inflammatory disorder of the breast. In this study we aimed to present the detailed clinical and morphological features of GM cases, diagnostic clues for specific and idiopathic etiologies, the difficulties in evaluating trucut biopsies, and the results of different therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>We retrospectively analysed the clinical, radiological and morphological features of 114 GM cases diagnosed with fine needle aspiration, and trucut, incisional, and excisional biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 35.8. Only eight cases were older than 45 years. Bilateral involvement was observed in 4 (3.5%) cases. The most common clinical symptoms were breast mass/abscesses, tenderness, and skin changes. Microbiological culture was positive in 4 cases for gram-positive bacteria. Only 3 cases showed a positive tuberculin/PCR test for tuberculosis. The major USG finding was a hypoechoic well-defined or ill-defined mass/abscess; MRI finding was heterogeneous non-mass contrast enhancement. Cases diagnosed with cytology (35 cases) did not have breast malignancy either in their history or clinical follow up period. Fine needle aspiration cytology materials revealed epitheloid granulomas mixed with neutrophils, lymphocytes accompanied by giant cells, and suppurative necrosis. Histopathological reevaluation of 65 trucut/incisional/ excisional biopsies revealed granuloma formation in 65 (100%), Langhans type giant cells in 59 (90.7%), microabscess formation in 41 (63%), caseous necrosis in 1 (1.5%), neutrophilic cysts in 30 (46.1%), eosinophilic infiltration in 48 (73.8%), interlobular inflammation in 14 (21.5%), fat necrosis in 5 (7.6%), ductal ectasia in 6 (9.2%), and lactational changes in 4 (6.1%) cases. Granulomas were lobulocentric in 58 cases, foreign body type/fat necrosis-related in 6 case, and periductular in 1 case. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis was observed in one case. We also evaluated the histochemical stains of these 65 biopsies. Only one sample was positive for acido-resistant bacilli (ARB) by the EZN method and one sample was positive for gram-positive bacilli by gram stain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Small, superficial trucut biopsies may cause difficulties in determining the etiology and differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. For optimal management and timing the appropriate therapy, the ideal biopsy procedure, special stains, and a multidisciplinary team consisting of the surgeon, pathologist, and radiologist are the most important issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"38 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}