Turkish Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"NGS-Based Mutation Profiling and PD-L1 Expression in NSCLC Patients: A Single-Centre Prospective Analysis.","authors":"Anab Sayyada, Dheeraj Gautam, Rashi Sharma, Apeksha Bhat, Jyoti Wadhwa, Mamta Arya","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14900","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease in which both actionable mutations and PD-L1 expression influence therapeutic decisions. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular profile of NSCLC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and analyse the association of PD-L1 expression with key genetic alterations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 histopathologically confirmed NSCLC cases. Molecular profiling was performed using the Oncomine™ Lung Focus Assay, which targets major actionable mutations. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) and categorised as < 1% (negative), 1- 49% (weak positive), and ≥50% (strong positive).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 105 molecular alterations were identified across 87 cases, with EGFR being the most frequently mutated gene (36.2%), followed by KRAS (16.2%) and AR amplification (14.3%). Actionable mutations were defined as alterations with approved targeted therapies or clinical trial eligibility were detected in 59.8% of patients, with EGFR exon 19-21 being the most frequent (25.7%), followed by ALK fusions (5.7%), ERBB2 exon 20 (4.8%), KRAS G12C (3.5%), MET exon 14 skipping (2.9%), and BRAF V600E and ROS1 (1.9% each). PD-L1 expression was observed in 45.7% of cases. PD-L1 positivity was lower in EGFR-mutant tumours compared to EGFR wild-type, suggesting reduced immunogenicity in this subgroup. Conversely, KRAS-mutant tumours exhibited higher PD-L1 expression than KRAS wild-type tumours, suggesting a potential predictive role for immunotherapy. ALK-rearranged tumours showed variable but notable PD-L1 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the importance of integrating NGS-based molecular testing with PD-L1 evaluation for personalised management of NSCLC. Distinct patterns of PD-L1 expression across molecular subtypes, particularly lower in EGFR-mutated tumours and higher in KRAS-mutated tumours, underscore the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and informed sequencing of targeted therapies and immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Thesis to Publication: A Five-Year Cross-Disciplinary Analysis in Pathology, Urology, and Endocrinology (2018-2022).","authors":"Esra Betul Tunce, Busra Yaprak Bayrak, Mahmut Akgul","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14783","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the legal requirement to complete a thesis during residency training in Türkiye, the extent to which these theses are translated into high-quality scientific publications remains unclear. Disciplinary differences in research culture, resource availability, and clinical workload may influence these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed 1245 open access residency theses completed between 2018 and 2022 in the fields of pathology (n=344), endocrinology (n=525), and urology (n=376). Theses were retrieved from the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education. Their publication status was identified via searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. Data collected included journal index status (SCI-E, ESCI, ULAKBIM), Journal Impact Factor™ (JIF), citation count, and time to publication. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests with p < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1245 residency theses analyzed, 344 (27.6%) were in pathology, 525 (42.2%) in endocrinology and metabolic diseases, and 376 (30.2%) in urology. The conversion rate to publication significantly differed across specialties (p = 0.0002): 86 of 344 pathology theses (25.0%), 115 of 525 endocrinology theses (21.9%), and 139 of 376 urology theses (37.0%) were published. Urology theses had the highest representation in SCI-E indexed journals (72.7%), while endocrinology demonstrated the highest mean Journal Impact Factor (2.3; p < 0.0001). The average number of citations per publication was also highest in urology (4.5), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0673). Median time to publication ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 years, with no significant difference between specialties (p = 0.1287). Differences in the distribution of Q2, Q3, and Q4 journal publications were statistically significant between specialties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endocrinology had the highest number of theses, whereas urology had the highest publication rate and number of citations per publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficult Diagnosis of Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Retroperitoneum: A Case Report and A Brief Review of the Literature.","authors":"Galina Boyko, Igor Makarov","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2024.13546","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2024.13546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm classified within the M-group of malignant histiocytoses. Its diagnosis poses a significant challenge. This article aims to describe a rare clinical case of IDCS and to illustrate the differential diagnostic process undertaken by the authors in establishing this diagnosis. A 60-year-old woman was admitted for the resection of a retroperitoneal mass discovered via CT scan. Morphological examination revealed a 7.5×5.5×5.0 cm tumor, encapsulated by a thin fibrous capsule. The tumor was composed of 90-95% inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocyte-like cells showing mature nuclear morphology (CD3+ and CD20+ cells) mixed with histiocytes and plasma cells, and 5-10% large polymorphic spindle-shaped cells expressing expression of CD45, CD68, CD1a, CD21, CD35, CD31, and CD34. An extensive immunohistochemical panel was performed to exclude various other tumors. Based on the morphology and immunophenotype, a diagnosis of IDCS was established. Further literature analysis indicated the nonspecificity of symptoms in patients with this tumor localization and variability in CD45 and CD68 staining in tumor cells, with consistent lack of expression of CD21, CD23, CD35, CD1a, and specific T- and B-cell antigens. IDCS is a rare and poorly understood tumor with a poor prognosis. The nonspecificity of clinical symptoms and the need for extensive morphological differential diagnosis render this entity a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring significant diligence from the pathologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dysplasia Grading in Colorectal Adenomas According to Current Guidelines: A Nationwide Survey Among Pathologists in Türkiye.","authors":"Eylul Gun, Betul Bolat Kucukzeybek, David Driman, Aysegul Akder Sari","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.12897","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.12897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Due to its effect on polypectomy surveillance, dysplasia grading is essential in colorectal adenomas. We aimed to investigate the terminologies used for high-grade dysplasia in routine practice if any, and to assess the practice patterns of dysplasia grading among Turkish pathologists with reference to current guidelines.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A survey including seven images of colorectal adenomas with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia was sent to pathologists in Türkiye. The images were selected from the Canadian National Polyp Guidelines. The pathologists were asked to grade the dysplasia as in their routine practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 324 pathologists (including 48 senior residents and 176 gastrointestinal pathologists) participated in the survey. Among staff pathologists, the rate of agreement of dysplasia according to the guidelines was as follows; for colorectal adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, Image 1 (with low-grade cytology)-97.1%, Image 2 (with focal cribriformity)-6.2%, Image 5 (with high-grade cytology)-26.8%, and Image 6 (with slightly high-grade cytology)-48.9%. For colorectal adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, the agreement ratio was > 91% (range 91.6-99.6%). However, intramucosal adenocarcinoma was the preferred terminology by 43.8%, 68.5%, and 50% of the participants, respectively. The results were similar for residents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among pathologists in Türkiye, in contrast to current guidelines for colorectal adenomas, 1. Intramucosal adenocarcinoma is still a commonly used terminology, 2. High-grade cytological features are over-relied upon, 3. Small foci of architectural abnormality are overcalled. Therefore, strategies to increase the usage of established practice guidelines should be developed. A national polyp guideline seems to be necessary for an attempt to standardize the reporting of colorectal adenomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13255305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasizing to an Anterior Abdominal Wall Schwannoma.","authors":"Shahin Hameed, Shehla Basheer Kollathodi","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14155","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastasis to benign tumors is an uncommon phenomenon, with schwannomas being rare recipients of metastatic disease. We report a rare case of a 60-year-old female with lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing metastasis to an anterior abdominal wall schwannoma. The patient was diagnosed with lung SCC and received three cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Follow-up Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET-CT) revealed a metabolically active primary lung lesion with metastatic lymphadenopathy and subcutaneous fat stranding in the left hypochondrial and lumbar region. She underwent thoracoscopy with pleural biopsies and excision of the anterior abdominal wall lesion. Histopathology confirmed metastatic SCC in the pleural deposits and a schwannoma in the anterior abdominal wall, harboring metastatic SCC foci confirmed by p40 immunohistochemistry (IHC). This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by metastasis to benign tumors and underscores the importance of thorough pathological evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":"42 3","pages":"188-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Oncocytic Cells in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Specimens Classified as Atypia of Undetermined Significance.","authors":"Aysegul Aksoy Altinboga, Elif Dogan Kabadayi, Tuba Dilay Kokenek-Unal, Nur Gizem Kocaoglu-Celik, Serhat Ozan, Asiye Safak Bulut, Cevdet Aydin","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14128","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oncocytic cells are commonly detected on FNA reports but little is known regarding the relationship between the degree of oncocytic cell features and the rate of malignancy (ROM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the importance of oncocytic cells in thyroid FNA with a diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). Additionally, we sought to ascertain if the prevalence of oncocytic cells in FNAs with oncocytic cells is linked to neoplasm and malignancy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>187 cases belonging to 144 patients diagnosed with AUS in thyroid FNA were re-evaluated for the oncocytic cells, nuclear atypia and microfollicles and then classified as AUS-nuclear with or without oncocytic cells and AUS-other with or without oncocytic cells. The cases that had oncocytic cells were scored according to the proportion of oncocytic cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROM was higher in the AUS-nuclear group (28.1%) compared to the AUS-other group (12.2%). AUS-nuclear cases without oncocytic cells had higher ROM compared to the AUS-nuclear cases with oncocytic cells. Rate of neoplasm (RON) was significantly higher in the cases containing 75% or more oncocytic cells than the other cases (p < 0.0001). (26.3% for cases with 1-75% oncocytic cells, 81.3% for those with 75% or more oncocytic cells).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the AUS cases with a dominant oncocytic cell population might be more specific for neoplastic processes. Presence of oncocytic cells in the AUS-nuclear cases causes a decrease in ROM. Emphasizing oncocytic cells in the report may contribute to patient follow-up and treatment in AUS.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) Compound and Water as Embedding Media in Frozen Section.","authors":"Umesh Sharma, Puneet Kaur Somal, Aishwarya Sharma, Nilay Nishith, Rahul Raj, Ravikiran Pawar, Sankalp Sancheti","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14824","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2026.14824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The commonly used embedding medium in frozen section is a commercially available optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound, which is a water-soluble mixture of glycols and resins. However, its high cost limits its widespread use in laboratories with limited resources. In the present study, we compared two embedding media (OCT compound & Water) based on the mean freezing time and effect on the quality of section in terms of staining and the presence of freezing artifacts in different types of tissues.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fresh & unfixed specimens from 45 cases were analysed prospectively. The specimens included mucosal margin assessment (n=15), lymph node metastases (n=16), and fatty tissues (breast lumpectomy) for margin assessment (n=14). Average freezing time, presence of freezing artifact (extensive, minimal, or absent) and quality of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining (good, satisfactory, or poor) were noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall mean freezing time was marginally lower for OCT (3`34`) when compared to water. (3`58`) Lymph nodes took the shortest time to freeze irrespective of the embedding medium used. Fatty tissues took the longest time to freeze with water (4`12`) as compared to OCT (3`35`). With OCT, the mean freezing time was lowest for lymph nodes (3`22`) and highest for mucosal margins. (3`45`) Extensive freezing artifacts were more commonly observed with OCT than water. (37.8% vs 31.1% respectively) Staining quality was comparable for both embedding media overall and amongst the different types of tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In settings where cost is a limiting factor, water can function as a cheaper and readily available embedding alternative to OCT. In frozen sections involving fatty tissues where time is a limiting factor, OCT provides a shorter mean freezing time and can be used in place of water.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Marrow Necrosis After Curative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Associated with Deep Diving.","authors":"Hajdhica Thanasi, Daniele Avenoso, Liron Barnea Slonim","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2024.13488","DOIUrl":"10.5146/tjpath.2024.13488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone marrow necrosis, albeit an infrequent finding, is usually associated with highly proliferative malignant disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell anemia, solid tumor metastasis, and infections. It is also a typical finding in Caisson disease and in divers that developed decompression illness. Herein we report a case of bone marrow necrosis post deep diving in a bone marrow transplant recipient.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Uterine Malignancy: A Case of High-Grade PEComa Defying Routine Immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Ashish C Philip, Garima Garima, Swati Swati, Sonal Sharma","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2025.14610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that can arise in various anatomical locations, including the female genital tract, with the uterus being the most affected site. Malignant uterine PEComas are extremely uncommon and pose significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when they lack conventional immunohistochemical (IHC) marker expression. This report presents a rare case of a high-grade, TFE3-rearranged malignant PEComa of the uterus that defied routine diagnostic approaches. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of TFE3-rearranged PEComas, which can lack smooth muscle marker expression and mimic other high-grade uterine malignancies. Recognition of the nested vascular arrangement and utilization of melanocytic and TFE3 markers are key for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145655943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALK Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma Masquerading as a T-Cell Lymphoma: A Histopathological Con.","authors":"Smita Singh, Rushali Saxena, Mukesh Dhankar","doi":"10.5146/tjpath.2025.14436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2025.14436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive form of lymphoma characterized by the expression of the ALK protein alongside the loss of pan-B-cell and pan-T-cell markers. Unfortunately, there is no established standard treatment for this subtype, resulting in a poor prognosis. Understanding the expression of aberrant markers is essential for accurate diagnosis and improved patient management.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 13-year-old male presented with intestinal obstruction to pediatric surgery and subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed the presence of monomorphic tumor cells with plasmablastic morphology, which expressed CD45, CD79a, and CD3. Considering the patient's age and the tumor`s morphology, further analysis showed the loss of other B-cell and T-cell markers, along with the expression of ALK, CD138, CD38 and lambda light chain restriction. Thus, the current case emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis to accurately diagnose ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma with aberrant CD3 expression, thus preventing misdiagnosis as T-cell lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is crucial to recognize the uncommon ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma that exhibits aberrantly expressed CD3 to prevent misdiagnosis. Identifying this condition may allow for the incorporation of ALK inhibitors, potentially improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45415,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}