African Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Xpert Carba-R for detecting carbapenemase-producing organisms in South Africa.","authors":"Sanelisiwe T Duze,&nbsp;Teena Thomas,&nbsp;Tshegofatso Pelego,&nbsp;Sabelle Jallow,&nbsp;Olga Perovic,&nbsp;Adriano Duse","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the performance of the Xpert Carba-R assay for detecting the five common carbapenemases in carbapenemase-producing organisms in Johannesburg, South Africa between April 2021 and September 2021. The assay demonstrated 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity. It was also able to detect all the carbapenemases in double carbapenemase producers, as well as carbapenemases in non-fermenter organisms. The Xpert Carba-R assay, therefore, allows the rapid (< 1 h) and accurate identification of the common carbapenemases in pure bacterial cultures and rectal swabs. This assay can aid in the timeous institution of appropriate treatment and infection prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Microbiology laboratories involved in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance: Strengths and challenges of the central African states.","authors":"Passoret Vounba,&nbsp;Severin Loul,&nbsp;Ludovic F Tamadea,&nbsp;Joël F D Siawaya","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tumour marker utilisation and impact of electronic gatekeeping in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Immaculate S Dlamini,&nbsp;Verena Gounden,&nbsp;Nareshni Moodley","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inappropriate testing remains a high healthcare cost driver. Tumour marker tests are more expensive than routine chemistry testing. Implementing test demand management systems like electronic gatekeeping (EGK) has reportedly decreased test requests.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the appropriateness of tumour marker tests, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha foetal protein, prostate-specific antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 125, and human chorionic gonadotropin, and determine the effectiveness of the EGK used in the public health sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumour marker test data for the KwaZulu-Natal province were extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service Central Data Warehouse for 01 January 2017 - 30 June 2017 (pre-EGK) and 01 January 2018 - 30 June 2018 (post-EGK implementation). Questionnaires were sent to the clinicians in the regional hospitals ordering the most tumour marker tests to assess ordering practices. In addition, we assessed monthly rejection reports to determine the effect of the EGK.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EGK minimally reduced tumour marker requests or associated costs (1.4% average EGK rejection rate). An overall 18% increase in the tumour marker tests occurred in 2018. The data suggest inappropriate tumour marker test utilisation, particularly for screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The introduction of EGK as a test demand management had little impact on tumour marker test requests and costs. Continuous education and reiteration of indications for tumour marker test use are required.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This study demonstrates the ineffectiveness of EGK in tumour marker orders, and provides some insight as to why these markers are being ordered, which is important in trying to decrease inappropriate ordering of these tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10331048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key success factors for the implementation of quality management systems in developing countries.","authors":"Iryna Tanasiichuk,&nbsp;Olha Karaman,&nbsp;Larysa Natrus","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the tremendous progress made in advancing laboratory medicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), inadequate quality management systems (QMSs) remain a problem and barrier to provision of reliable laboratory services in resource-limited settings. Therefore, it is useful to study the experience of medical laboratories in LMICs that have successfully implemented QMS.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review identified key success factors (KSFs) for medical laboratories in LMICs implementing QMS in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization standard 15189 as a pathway to improving laboratory quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews procedures, we conducted a targeted search of studies from LMICs published between 2012 and 2022 to identify KSFs. Thirty-two out of 952 references retrieved were considered relevant and included in this review. Grounded theory was used to extract key features of the included studies to derive KSFs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten KSFs for medical laboratories striving to implement QMS were identified and described. These KSFs were integrated to create a model of success for laboratory QMS implementation. The model consists of three underlying factors, namely preparing for change, resource availability, and effective project management, each comprising three separate KSFs. Institutional commitment was identified as the core of the model and is integral to ensuring the quality of laboratory services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laboratories planning to implement a QMS can benefit from understanding the KSFs demonstrated in this study as this would help them to identify the necessary changes to implement and set realistic expectations about the outcomes of QMS implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10674754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the SLIPTA checklist to assess laboratory readiness for Joint Commission International accreditation.","authors":"Abdul K El Karaaoui,&nbsp;Nada Assaf","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Stepwise Laboratory Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) helps prepare laboratories in low- and middle-income countries to achieve international accreditation aligned with the ISO 15189:2012 standards. Accreditation by the Joint Commission International (JCI) is among the highest sought by hospitals worldwide. While the readiness of laboratories with a five-star SLIPTA score to undergo ISO 15189:2012 accreditation was recently assessed, the compliance of the SLIPTA checklist with JCI is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated the SLIPTA checklist's utility in assessing laboratories to meet the JCI standards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a detailed gap analysis between SLIPTA and JCI laboratory standards from January 2021 to January 2022. We cross-matched the JCI standard requirements to SLIPTA clauses and categorised each standard into 'met', 'partially met', and 'not met'. We highlighted similarities, discrepancies, and improvement areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 JCI standards were included. The SLIPTA checklist completely met 61 standards, partially met four, but did not meet 44. The unmet JCI standards focused on the quality planning, control, and improvement sections. Healthcare organisation management and quality control processes, including selecting an accredited reference laboratory, collecting quality management data, creating of post-analytical policies and procedures, and validating monitoring systems, constitute the basis of this preparation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SLIPTA checklist covers major quality management system elements of the JCI standards for laboratories. However, some components should be addressed to assure readiness for JCI accreditation.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This study identified additional areas not covered by the SLIPTA checklist that are required for JCI accreditation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9371287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of genes encoding for extended spectrum β-lactamase in Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections in Mwanza, Tanzania.","authors":"Jenipher G Mwakyabala,&nbsp;Conjester I Mtemisika,&nbsp;Stacy Mshana,&nbsp;Adam A Mwakyoma,&nbsp;Vitus Silago","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL-GNB) increase morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study characterised ESBL genes (<i>bla</i> _CTX-M, <i>bla</i> _TEM and <i>bla</i> _SHV) among 30 ceftriaxone-resistant GNB causing HCAIs between January 2022 and July 2022 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay at the zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. Twenty-five (83.3%) had at least one ESBL gene, of which 23/25 (92.0%) carried the <i>bla</i> _CTX-M gene. Seventy-two percent (18/25) of the GNB-ESBL isolates carried more than one ESBL gene, of which the majority (88.8%; <i>n</i> = 16/25) carried the <i>bla</i> _CTX-M and <i>bla</i> _TEM genes. Extended spectrum β-lactamase genes, particularly <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, are common among ceftriaxone-resistant GNB causing HCAIs.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This study revealed the distribution of genes (<i>bla</i> _CTX-M, <i>bla</i> _TEM and <i>bla</i> _SHV) coding for ESBL production among ceftriaxone resistant GNB causing HCAIs However, all ESBL producing GNB were susceptible towards ceftriaxone-sulbactam indicating that ceftriaxone-sulbactam may be empirically prescribed for treating patients with HCAIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10157427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical laboratory practice in Malawi - Current status.","authors":"Symon F Nayupe,&nbsp;Patrick Mbulaje,&nbsp;Steven Munharo,&nbsp;Parth Patel,&nbsp;Don E Lucero-Prisno","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1921","url":null,"abstract":"Medical practice has evolved over the past years from symptom-based clinical diagnoses to evidence-based diagnoses demanding clinical laboratory investigations. Clinical experts at the Mayo Clinic in the United States estimated that almost 70% of patient management decisions rely on laboratory diagnostic information.1,2 In sub-Saharan Africa, the need for quality diagnostic services is apparent; nevertheless, access to quality and reliable laboratory services in the region has been a big challenge.3","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges faced by the HIV testing system in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Rachel S Kamgaing,&nbsp;Yagai Bouba,&nbsp;Samuel M Sosso,&nbsp;Jeremiah E Gabisa,&nbsp;Aubin Nanfack,&nbsp;Joseph Fokam,&nbsp;Laure Ngono,&nbsp;Nadine Fainguem,&nbsp;Michel C T Tommo,&nbsp;Krystel N Zam,&nbsp;Junie F Yimga,&nbsp;Désiré K Takou,&nbsp;Alexis Ndjolo","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Determining the HIV status of some individuals remains challenging due to multidimensional factors such as flaws in diagnostic systems, technological challenges, and viral diversity. This report pinpoints challenges faced by the HIV testing system in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 53-year-old male received a positive HIV result by a rapid testing algorithm in July 2016. Not convinced of his HIV status, he requested additional tests. In February 2017, he received a positive result using ImmunoComb^® II HIV 1 & 2 BiSpot and Roche cobas electrochemiluminescence assays. A sample sent to France in April 2017 was positive on the Bio-Rad GenScreen™ HIV 1/2, but serotyping was indeterminate, and viral load was < 20 copies/mL. The Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and INNO-LIA HIV I/II Score were negative for samples collected in 2018. A sample collected in July 2019 and tested with VIDAS^® HIV Duo Ultra enzyme-linked fluorescent assay and Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Confirmatory Assay was positive, but negative with Western blot; CD4 count was 1380 cells/mm³ and HIV proviral DNA tested in France was 'target-not-detected'. Some rapid tests were still positive in 2020 and 2021. Serotyping remained indeterminate, and viral load was 'target-not-detected'. There were no self-reported exposure to HIV risk factors, and his wife was HIV-seronegative.</p><p><strong>Management and outcome: </strong>Given that the patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of viral replication, no antiretroviral therapy was initiated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the struggles faced by some individuals in confirming their HIV status and the need to update existing technologies and develop an algorithm for managing exceptional cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: The application of sigma metrics in the laboratory to assess quality control processes in South Africa.","authors":"Marli van Heerden,&nbsp;Jaya A George,&nbsp;Siyabonga Khoza","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1344.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1996"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in human health in Tanzania: 2016-2021.","authors":"Neema Camara,&nbsp;Nyambura Moremi,&nbsp;Janneth Mghamba,&nbsp;Eliudi Eliakimu,&nbsp;Edwin Shumba,&nbsp;Pascale Ondoa,&nbsp;Beverly Egyir","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance plays an important role in early detection of resistant strains of pathogens and informs treatments decisions at local, regional and national levels. In 2017, Tanzania developed a One Health AMR Surveillance Framework to guide establishment of AMR surveillance systems in the human and animal sectors.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We reviewed AMR surveillance studies in Tanzania to document progress towards establishing an AMR surveillance system and determine effective strengthening strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature review on AMR studies conducted in Tanzania by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, and the websites of the Tanzania Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization for articles written in English and published from January 2012 to March 2021 using relevant search terms. Additionally, we reviewed applicable guidelines, plans, and reports from the Tanzanian Ministry of Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 10 articles on AMR in Tanzania, where studies were conducted at hospitals in seven of Tanzania's 26 regions between 2012 and 2019. Nine AMR sentinel sites had been established, and there was suitable and clear coordination under 'One Health'. However, sharing of surveillance data between sectors had yet to be strengthened. Most studies documented high resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins. There were few laboratory staff who were well trained on AMR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Important progress has been made in establishing a useful, reliable AMR surveillance system. Challenges include a need to develop, implement and build investment case studies for the sustainability of AMR surveillance in Tanzania and ensure proper use of third-generation cephalosporins.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This article adds to the knowledge base of AMR trends in Tanzania and progress made in the implementation of AMR surveillance in human health sector as a contribution to the global AMR initiatives to reduce AMR burden worldwide. It has highlighted key gaps that need policy and implementation level attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}