African Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Consequences of <i>rpoB</i> mutations missed by the GenoType MTBDR<i>plus</i> assay in a programmatic setting in South Africa.","authors":"Nomonde R Mvelase,&nbsp;Lindiwe P Cele,&nbsp;Ravesh Singh,&nbsp;Yeshnee Naidoo,&nbsp;Jennifer Giandhari,&nbsp;Eduan Wilkinson,&nbsp;Tulio de Oliveira,&nbsp;Khine Swe Swe-Han,&nbsp;Koleka P Mlisana","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rifampicin resistance missed by commercial rapid molecular assays but detected by phenotypic assays may lead to discordant susceptibility results and affect patient management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the causes of rifampicin resistance missed by the GenoType MTBDR<i>plus</i> and its impact on the programmatic management of tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed routine tuberculosis programme data from January 2014 to December 2014 on isolates showing rifampicin susceptibility on the GenoType MTBDR<i>plus</i> assay but resistance on the phenotypic agar proportion method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a subset of these isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 505 patients with isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis on the MTBDR<i>plus</i>, 145 (28.7%) isolates showed both isoniazid and rifampicin resistance on the phenotypic assay. The mean time from MTBDR<i>plus</i> results to initiation of drug-resistant tuberculosis therapy was 93.7 days. 65.7% of the patients had received previous tuberculosis treatment. The most common mutations detected in the 36 sequenced isolates were I491F (16; 44.4%) and L452P (12; 33.3%). Among the 36 isolates, resistance to other anti-tuberculosis drugs was 69.4% for pyrazinamide, 83.3% for ethambutol, 69.4% for streptomycin, and 50% for ethionamide.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Missed rifampicin resistance was mostly due to the I491F mutation located outside the MTBDR<i>plus</i> detection area and the L452P mutation, which was not included in the initial version 2 of the MTBDR<i>plus</i>. This led to substantial delays in the initiation of appropriate therapy. The previous tuberculosis treatment history and the high level of resistance to other anti-tuberculosis drugs suggest an accumulation of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10836669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative methods for calculating percentage haemolysis of red cell concentrates in peripheral blood banks in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Caroline A Fernando,&nbsp;Deklanji T Dissanayake,&nbsp;Uththara I Hewamana,&nbsp;Shyamini Rathnaweera,&nbsp;Wickrama A Samanthilake,&nbsp;Ranga Tudugala,&nbsp;Kithsiri B Jayasekara,&nbsp;Kumudu Kuruppu","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemolysis - one of the major limiting factors of red cell concentrate quality - must be measured as a quality-monitoring requirement. According to international quality standards, percentage haemolysis must be monitored in 1.0% of red cell concentrates produced monthly and maintained under 0.8%.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed three alternative methods for determining plasma haemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood banks that lack a plasma or low haemoglobin photometer - the gold-standard method - in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standard haemolysate was prepared using an unexpired whole blood pack of normal haemoglobin concentration. A concentration series from 0.1 g/dL to 1.0 g/dL was prepared by diluting portions of standard haemolysate with saline. The alternative methods, namely visual haemoglobin colour scale, spectrophotometric calibration graph, and standard haemolysate capillary tube comparison, were designed using this concentration series and were used to test red cell concentrates received at the Quality Control Department of the National Blood Center, Sri Lanka, from February 2021 to May 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong correlation was observed between the haemoglobin photometer method and the alternative methods (<i>R</i> = ~0.9). Based on the linear regression model, the standard haemolysate capillary tube comparison method was the best of the three alternative methods (<i>R</i> ² = 0.974).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All three alternative methods are recommended for use in peripheral blood banks. The standard haemolysate capillary tube comparison method was the best model.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10836672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Formulation of phage cocktails and evaluation of their interaction with antibiotics in inhibiting carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in vitro in Kenya.","authors":"Noutin F Michodigni,&nbsp;Atunga Nyachieo,&nbsp;Juliah K Akhwale,&nbsp;Gabriel Magoma,&nbsp;Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo,&nbsp;Andrew N Kimang'a","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1803.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from Uganda.","authors":"Denis Omali,&nbsp;Allan Buzibye,&nbsp;Richard Kwizera,&nbsp;Pauline Byakika-Kibwika,&nbsp;Rhoda Namakula,&nbsp;Joshua Matovu,&nbsp;Olive Mbabazi,&nbsp;Emmanuel Mande,&nbsp;Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire,&nbsp;Damalie Nakanjako,&nbsp;Ursula Gutteck,&nbsp;Keith McAdam,&nbsp;Philippa Easterbrook,&nbsp;Andrew Kambugu,&nbsp;Jan Fehr,&nbsp;Barbara Castelnuovo,&nbsp;Yukari C Manabe,&nbsp;Mohammed Lamorde,&nbsp;Daniel Mueller,&nbsp;Concepta Merry","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research and clinical use of clinical pharmacology laboratories are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We describe our experience in building and sustaining laboratory capacity for clinical pharmacology at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Existing laboratory infrastructure was repurposed, and new equipment was acquired. Laboratory personnel were hired and trained to optimise, validate, and develop in-house methods for testing antiretroviral, anti-tuberculosis and other drugs, including 10 high-performance liquid chromatography methods and four mass spectrometry methods. We reviewed all research collaborations and projects for which samples were assayed in the laboratory from January 2006 to November 2020. We assessed laboratory staff mentorship from collaborative relationships and the contribution of research projects towards human resource development, assay development, and equipment and maintenance costs. We further assessed the quality of testing and use of the laboratory for research and clinical care.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Fourteen years post inception, the clinical pharmacology laboratory had contributed significantly to the overall research output at the institute by supporting 26 pharmacokinetic studies. The laboratory has actively participated in an international external quality assurance programme for the last four years. For clinical care, a therapeutic drug monitoring service is accessible to patients living with HIV at the Adult Infectious Diseases clinic in Kampala, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>Driven primarily by research projects, clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity was successfully established in Uganda, resulting in sustained research output and clinical support. Strategies implemented in building capacity for this laboratory may guide similar processes in other low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9400527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of the laboratory network in Ghana: A national-level ATLAS survey (2019-2020).","authors":"Emma E Kploanyi,&nbsp;Joseph Kenu,&nbsp;Benedicta K Atsu,&nbsp;David A Opare,&nbsp;Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe,&nbsp;Lee F Schroeder,&nbsp;David W Dowdy,&nbsp;Alfred E Yawson,&nbsp;Ernest Kenu","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrated health systems with strong laboratory networks are critical in improving public health. The current study assessed the laboratory network in Ghana and its functionality using the Assessment Tool for Laboratory Services (ATLAS).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>A national-level laboratory network survey was conducted among stakeholders of the Ghanaian laboratory network in Accra. Face-to-face interviews were conducted from December 2019 to January 2020, with follow-up phone interviews between June and July 2020. Also, we reviewed supporting documents provided by stakeholders for supplementary information and transcribed these to identify themes. Where possible, we completed the Laboratory Network scorecard using data obtained from the ATLAS.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>The Laboratory Network (LABNET) scorecard assessment was a valuable addition to the ATLAS survey as it quantified the functionality of the laboratory network and its overall advancement toward achieving International Health Regulations (2005) and Global Health Security Agenda targets. Two significant challenges indicated by respondents were laboratory financing and delayed implementation of the Ghana National Health Laboratory Policy.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>Stakeholders recommended a review of the country's funding landscape, such as funding laboratory services from the country's internally generated funds. Also, they recommended laboratory policy implementation to ensure adequate laboratory workforce and standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10836668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of delayed sample draw after blood collection for haemoglobin test in South Korea.","authors":"Hyerim Kim,&nbsp;Jongmin Kim","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between April and May 2022, 10 healthy adult non-patients were recruited from Pusan National University Hospital. Venous blood drawn into a syringe was transferred into test tubes with a zero-to-45-minute delay. The transfer was done sequentially in two positions with the syringe and the needle adaptor end (1) heading downwards and (2) heading upwards. Haemoglobin levels gradually increased over time in position 1 transfer while they gradually decreased in position 2. Therefore, blood must be transferred quickly from a syringe to a tube for reliable test results.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>Our findings confirm that delays between blood collection and transfer can affect haemoglobin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"2008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9371288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents Vol 11, No 1","authors":"Editorial Office","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2143","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? - A Nigerian experience.","authors":"Joseph N Enuma, Felix O Sanni, Malau B Matur, Njab E Jean, Tosan Erhabor, Iheukwumere I Egbulefu","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host's susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm³ were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most study participants were aged 21-40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm³) and those on ART (354 cells/mm³) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm³) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (<i>p</i> = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm³ (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts > 350 cells/mm³ (40.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.695).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of hepatitis B virus genotype E with immune escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term antiviral therapy in Jos, Nigeria.","authors":"Joseph Anejo-Okopi, Edith Okeke, Pantong M Davwar, Chika Onwuamah, Harris Onywera, Patience Omaiye, Mary Duguru, Ocheme J Okojokwu, Otobo I Ujah, Bulus Jonathan, Chima A George, Ramyil S Crown, Fiyaktu B Yakubu, Judith O Sokei, Leona C Okoli, Onyemocho Audu, Seth C Inzaule, Isaac O Abah, Patricia Agaba, Oche O Agbaji, Atiene S Sagay, Claudia Hawkins","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1677","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies in Nigeria have reported the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E and the availability of immune escape mutants. There is a paucity of data on chronic patients on long-term antiviral therapy for HBV infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed HBV genotypes and drug resistance variants among patients with chronic HBV infection receiving tenofovir in Jos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 101 patients (51 with HIV/HBV co-infection and 50 with HBV infection only) on antiviral therapy from February 2018 to May 2019 at four hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. DNA quantification of HBV was performed on all samples; 30 samples with detectable viral load were selected for genotyping using Sanger sequencing by targeting the full-length sequences of reverse transcriptase gene of the HBV genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with reference sequences from GenBank. Escape mutant and drug resistance analysis were performed using HBV drug resistance interpretation and Geno2pheno.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 30 (29.7%) of the 101 study participants had detectable HBV DNA. Of these, six (20.0%) isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced. The identified genotype was E, including escape mutations L127R (16.7%) and G145A (16.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed exclusive dominance of genotype E in Nigeria. The S gene mutations G145A and L271R are known to be associated with modified antigenicity and impaired serologic assays, which may cause false negatives in the detection of anti-HBV surface antigen. The presence of mutants that are associated with vaccine immune escape may also have diagnostic and vaccine immune response implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation of phage cocktails and evaluation of their interaction with antibiotics in inhibiting carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in vitro in Kenya.","authors":"Noutin F Michodigni, Atunga Nyachieo, Juliah K Akhwale, Gabriel Magoma, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Andrew N Kimang'a","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1803","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of alternative control measures, such as phage therapy or adjunctive therapy, is urgently needed to manage the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae.</i></p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of formulated phage cocktails and their interaction with select antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clinical isolate in vitro in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from February 2021 to October 2021 at the Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya. Phage cocktails were formulated based on the morphology and biological properties of precipitated <i>Klebsiella</i> phages. The efficacy of individual bacteriophages and phage cocktails as well as their combination with antibiotics were determined for their inhibitory activity on carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (KP20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The precipitated bacteriophages were members of <i>Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae</i>. Regarding the evaluation of the phage cocktails, the absorbances at 600 nm of the bacterial culture treated with the two-phage cocktail (2φ MA) ranged from 0.173 to 0.246 at 16 h and 20 h whereas it peaked from 2.116 to 2.190 for the positive control. Moreover, the results of the adjunctive therapy showed that the optical density at 600 nm of the bacterial culture treated with 2φ MA was 0.186 at 24 h post-incubation time while it was 0.099 with the bacterial culture treated with imipenem in combination with 2φ MA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that the two-phage cocktail in combination with imipenem was able to synergistically delay the increase in carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> growth in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}